Test Review

1. List the scientific method. List and describe them.

a. Observations
i. Observing an event occurring
b. Hypothesis
i. Make an educated guess as to what is going to happen
c. Predictions
i. If this happens, then this will happen afterwards
d. Test
i. Experiments based on your hypothesis
e. Hypothesis supported
i. Than continue to test
f. Hypothesis rejected
i. Revise hypothesis
2. What is a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis is an educated guess as to what is going to happen based
on observations.
3. Compare consumers to producers. Provide an example of each.
a. Consumers are those who get their energy through the consumption of
others
i. Ex) Humans
b. Producers are those who create their own energy through either
sunlight or chemicals
i. Ex) Petunia or bacteria through volcanic vents
4. Define adaptation and provide 2 examples.
a. Process by which an organism changes to adapt to their environment
i. Ex) The snow owl not being seen by neither prey nor hunter
ii. Ex) Finches growing a different beak shape to better eat fruit.
5. How has DNA analysis helped to determine ancestry relationships among
species?
a. DNA gives a more clear understanding of the correlation between
different species and clear evidence of physical change
6. List the different levels of organisms classification from broad to more
specific (King Phillip).
a. Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Order > Family > Genus > Species
7. Compare and contrast bacteria and Archaea (2 main similarities and 2 main
differences).
a. Similarities
i. They are both prokaryotes
ii. They are both organisms.
b. Differences
i. Archaea live in more extreme conditions.
ii. Archaea are not believed to be dangerous to humans.
8. List the different types of extremophiles and define them.
a. Thermophiles
i. Extreme heat
b. Psychrophiles

i. Extreme cold
c. Polyextremophiles
i. Many different extreme environments
d. Halophiles
i. Salty conditions
9. What are the three main types of bacteria according to their shape? How do
each type look? Provide one example of each.
a. Bacilli
i. Rod Shaped
ii. Ex) Bacillus Anthracis (Cause of Anthrax)
b. Cocci (Coccus)
i. Spherical
ii. Ex) Staphylococcus aureus (Flesh Eating Bacteria)
c. Spirilla
i. Curved walls
ii. Ex) Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
10.What defines a living thing? (main characteristics)
a. Living organisms are composed of cells.
b. Living organisms reproduce via DNA.
c. Living organisms obtain energy from environment.
d. Organisms actively maintain internal conditions.
e. Groups of organisms evolve.
f. They follow the biological hierarchy
11.What is the plasma membrane, what functions to performs, where is it found?
a. A double bilipid layer that surrounds cells, and it provides a boundary
between the environment and the contents of the cell.
12.Define and provide one example of unicellular and pluricellular.
a. Unicellular
i. Consisting of only one cell
ii. Ex) Amoeba
b. Pluricellular
i. Consisting of more than one cell
ii. Ex) Duck
13.Define DNA and describe its importance for living organisms.
a. A molecule that encodes genetic instructions used for the development
and functioning of all known organism.
b. DNA is the blueprints as to how to make an organism.
14.Why do we say that even consumers depend on solar energy?
a. Consumers depend on other consumers and producers, and producers
get their energy from sunlight.
15.List and define the levels of biological organization (atom,, biosphere)
a. Atom
i. Building block of everything
b. Molecules
i. A combination of atoms
c. Cells
i. Basic unit of all life
d. Tissues
i. Group of cells
e. Organs

i. Different tissues working together

Organ Systems
i. Organs to complete a task
g. Organism
i. One living thing
h. Population
i. One species
i. Community
i. All living things
j. Ecosystem
i. All living and non-living things
k. Biome
i. Area with similar climatic conditions
l. Biosphere
i. Global sum of all biomes
16.What are evolutionary trees? Draw an example showing the relationship
between five different types of organisms.
a. Evolutionary tress show relationships between different living things
and their adaptation over time.
b. See Attached Sheet
17.What are the five kingdoms and how are they related? Draw their
evolutionary tree.
a. Prokaryotes, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animalia
b. See Attached Sheet
18.What is binomial nomenclature? Provide one example and indicate genus and
species.
a. Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living
things by using 2 parts, the genus and species.
b. Ex) Homo Saipan
19.List three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
a. Prokaryotes dont have a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus.
b. Prokaryotes are usually unicellular while eukaryotes are usually
multicellular.
c. Prokaryotes have a cell wall while most eukaryotes dont.
20.List the domains of life, from the most abundant to the least abundant,
a. Bacteria > Archaea > Eukarya
f.