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106 79
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY


34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
GR. 106 79 - Athens - HELLAS
Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

76

16 2016



1.
= 0, 2 = 0, 3.
() .
()

A = ( 3 5 )

2015

+ (18 2 + 2 )

2016

() :

2
..
9

, : =

3 1
= .
9 3

() :

A = ( 3 5 )
6 15
=
9 9

2015

2015

+ (18 +
2

2 2016

4 9

+ 18 +
81 81

2016

3
2
= 3 5
9
9
= ( 1)

2015

2015

+ ( +1)

2 2 3 2
+ 18 +
9 9

2016

2016

= 1 + 1 = 0.

2.

2016 , .

2016 . 2016 = 25 32 7 .
, 2016 ,
,
2 7
. 2 7 = 14 .

2016 : ( 2 7 ) 24 32 = ( 22 3) = 122 ,
2

.
14.

3
,

( = ) = 30 0 .

= .
, :

.
()
() B
.
() .

2 = 2 = 60 0 .
= 30 0 = = 75 0

()


, :

2 = 2 = 75 0 60 0 = 15 0 1 = 1 = 15 0 .
) = = ,
,

1 = 2 = 15 0 .
.
() ( = )
= 1 + = 15 0 + ( 180 0 ) =

= 15 0 + 180 0 75 0 = 120 0 .

= = 30 0 .

=
=
60 o ,

= 180o ( 60o + 30o ) = 90o ,


= 180o +

.
.
4.
,
1
500 .
4
, 100 ,
. 100 ,
.
,
.
( , ,
)

,
t .
500 100 400 4

=
=
500
500 5
. ,
5
t .
4
5
t .
3

x .

, 4t .
, :
5 5
5 5
(36 15 20) 1

t + t + t + x = 4t x = t 3 = t
= t
4 3
4 3
12
12

, y
500
t,
300 + y x =
300 + y
500
1

t = t 6000 = y + 300 5700 = y
300 + y 12
5700 .


1
: P ( x ) = 4 ( x + 4 ) 28 ( x + 4 ) + 48
2

A = 6 P ( 5 ) 4 P ( 4 ) .

() P ( x ) = 4 ( x + 4 ) 28 ( x + 4 ) + 48 = 4 ( x + 4 ) 7 ( x + 4 ) + 12
2

= 4 x 2 + 8 x + 16 7 x 28 + 12 = 4 x 2 + x = 4 x ( x + 1) .
() A = 6 P ( 5) 4 P ( 4 ) = 6 20 ( 5 + 1) 4 16 ( 4 + 1) = 6 80 4 80 = 2 80 = 8 5

2
() :
x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + x = 4 x3 , x .
() = 4031 4033 32256 + 32256
.

() x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + x = x ( 4 x 2 1) + x = 4 x3 x + x = 4 x3 .
() 4031 4033 ,
2 x 1 = 4031, 2 x + 1 = 4033 , x = 2016 .
,
32256

= 16 . : 16 x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + 16 x = 64 x3 ,
2016
x = 2016 , :
3
= 4031 4033 32256 + 32256 = 64 20163 = 43 20163 = ( 4 2016 ) = 80643.
, 8064.
3

= = 4 . ,
,
,
.

() .
()
, , , .

() = 2 .
= 30 ,
) = = = 1 ,

(
2 2
= 90 30 = 60
= 90 60 = 30 .

2
() ,

, , .
( ) = 4 = 4 2
2 = 4 2 2 = 3 2 = 3 ,
1
2 3
2 3
, ( ) =
. ,
( ) = =
2
2
2
= 30o ,
()

() = ( ) =

2
12

, :

. ( ) = 4 2 2

2 3
2

=2 4 3 .
12
6

4
, .
3
,

4
( ) .
1
,

12
.
,
.
.


3
.

4

. ,
4
4. (1)

11
,

.
12
12

3 11
,
, + .
+
4
12
4 12
3 5
3 11
6 + =
+

=
9 = 5 . (2)
12
4
12
4 12 4
(2), 5 . (3)
(1) (3) 5 4 = 20 ,
20 . , (2) = 36 .
,
20 + 36 = 56 .

1

3
25
3 x 4 + 8 3 x 21 3 x 2
x +2
=
, x > 0 x 27 .

3 2
3+ 3 x
x 2 3 x + 4 9 3 x 2
x+8
.
1

x = x 3 = y > 0, x > 0 x = y 3 , x, y > 0 , :

25
y + 2 y 4 + 8 y 21 y 2
= 3
2
+

2
3+ y
y + 8 y 2y + 4 9 y

25
21 y
y+2
y( y + 8)
=
2

2
( y + 2)( y 2 y + 4) y 2 y + 4 (3 y) (3 + y) 3 + y
[52 ( y + 2)2 ]
y ( y + 2) ( y2 2 y + 4) 21 y2
=

( y + 2) ( y2 2 y + 4)
(3 + y) (3 y)
3+ y
3

(7 + y )(3 y ) y ( y + 2)( y 2 2 y + 4) 21 y 2
=
+
( y + 2)( y 2 2 y + 4)(3 + y )(3 y )
3+ y
y (7 + y ) 21 y 2 7 y + y 2 + 21 y 2 7( y + 3)
=
+
=
=
= 7.
3+ y
3+ y
3+ y
y+3
.

2
, 64 x 2 + 1610 x 2016 2016 = 0 .

,
. = 16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 :
16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 = 2 , .
, .
1620 6
4 64 20162016 = 256 20162016 .
16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 2, 6 + 6 = 12 . ,
0,1,4,5,6,9 , .
.
3
= 40 0

( = )
. ,
,
.
. ,

3
. 2 + 1 = 90 0

, 1 = 60 0 .

= )
(
0
0
+ + = 180 ) : = = 70 .
2 = 1 = 70 0 60 0 = 10 0

= 400

1 + 2 + 3 = 180

1 = 3 = 60

(1).
0

), : 2 = 60 0 .

) 1 = 2 = 60 0 .

,

() .
, .

= .
:
1
3
= .
:
2
4

:

:

+
= 40 0 .
=
1
2

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 180 0 ( 2 = 60 0 ),
1 = 80 0

( 2 ).

( 1 ),( 2 ) : 2 + 1 = 90 0 .
4
, , .
, ,
3

( )
4
. ,
1


4
.
1


6
.

o ,
.


3
.

4

.
8

3
,

.
4
8
,
8. (1)

5
,

.
6
12
3 3 5

,
+
+
4
8 12
5
3
+
+ +
+ .
8 4 12
8
8 6

3
3
3 3 3 5
3 +
+ =
+
+

+ =
18 + 2 = 9 . (2)
8 12
4 12 8
8 8 6 4


3 5
(3)
2 +
+ =
3 + 12 = 2
+ = + +
8 2 12
8 8 6 8 4 12
(2), (3) :
30 = 6 5 =
(3) :
27 = 2 .
8 8 .
27 8
= 5 8 = 40 =
= 27 4 = 108 .
2
8 + 40 + 108 = 156 .

1
2
1 = ( 2 x ) , 2 = 2 2 + x 2 ,... , x
. :
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .

2
() : = 2 2 + x 2 ( 2 x ) = 4 x.
n :
2 ( 2 x )2 + 4 ( n 1) x n
= x 2 + 2 n 3 x + 4 n.
Sn =
(
)
(
)
2
() n
Sn
= x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4
n
x .

= 4 ( n 3) 16 = 4 ( n2 6n + 5) .
2

x,

,
2
= 0 n 6n + 5 = 0 n = 1 n = 5.
n = 1 , n > 1. , n = 5
S5
2
= x2 + 4 x + 4 = ( x + 2) .
5
x,
Sn
= x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4 0 , x , 0 1 n 5 . ,
n
2
S
n {2,3, 4,5} : n = x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4 x .
n


.
10 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 = 0 .

10 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 = 0 10 x 3 ( 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 ) = 0 .

:
3
6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 = ( x3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8) x3 = ( x + 2 ) x3 ,
:

10 x 3 ( 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 ) = 0 10 x 3 ( x + 2 ) + x 3 = 0 11x3 = ( x + 2 )
3

x 3 11 = x + 2 x =

2
.
11 1

3
( < < ) ,
AB A . ( c1 ) A A,
, , . (c2 )
. (c1 ) .
.


( ( c1 ) )

( c1 ) , :

(1) .

( ( c ) )

2
( c2 ) ,

:


(2) .
,

= / /

(1), (2), (3) : = =

(3) .

/ / .

.
, ,
( c1 ) . = = .
.
4
(a, b)
a 17b
+
.
b 36a

a 17b
a
+
= , .
= x
b 36a
b
17
x +
= 36 x 2 36x + 17 = 0 (1)
36 x
(1). (1)
. = (36 ) 2 4 36 17 = (2 6) 2 (9 2 17)
, 9 2 17 = s 2 s .
(3 ) 2 s 2 = 17 (3 s )(3 + s ) = 17 17
3 s = 1
, s ,
= 3, s = 8 .
3 + s = 17
17
1
a 17
= 3 x1 =
x2 = ,
=
6
6
b 6
a 1
= , (a, b) = (17t ,6t ) ( a, b) = (t ,6t ) t
b 6
.


1.
2
b1 = ( x 4 ) , b2 = x 2 + 16,... , x
. :
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .

2
() : = x 2 + 16 ( x 4 ) = 8 x.
n :

2 ( x 4 )2 + 8 ( n 1) x n
= x 2 + 4 n 3 x + 16 n.
Sn =
(
)
(
)
2
() n
Sn
= x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16
n
x .

= 16 ( n 3) 64 = 16 ( n2 6n + 5) .
2

x, ,
= 0 n 2 6n + 5 = 0 n = 1 n = 5.
n = 1 , n > 1. , n = 5
S5
2
= x 2 + 8 x + 16 = ( x + 4 ) .
5
x,
Sn
= x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16 0 , x , 0 1 n 5 .
n
2
S
n {2,3, 4,5} : n = x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16 x .
n

2
:
10 x4 8x3 24 x2 32 x 16 = 0 .

10 x 4 8 x 3 24 x 2 32 x 16 = 0 10 x 4 ( 8 x 3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) = 0 .
:
4
8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 = ( x 4 + 8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) x 4 = ( x + 2 ) x 4 ,
:
4
4
10 x 4 ( 8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) = 0 10 x 4 ( x + 2 ) + x 4 = 0 11x 4 = ( x + 2 )
x 4 11 = x + 2 x 4 11 = x 2 x =

2
2
x= 4
.
11 1
11 + 1

3
f , g : R , = (,0) (0, +) f ( x) g ( x) 0
x . x, y :
g ( x) f ( g ( x) )
f ( x) g ( f ( x) )
f
(1) ,
g
,
(2)
=
=
y
y
g ( y)
f ( y)
:
() f , g 1-1 ( ).
1
1
() f ( x) f = g ( x) g = 1 x .
x
x

() x1 , x2 A g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 ) . x1 = x2 .

(1) , x x1 y x2 , :

f ( g ( x1 ) )
g ( x1 ) f ( g ( x1 ) )
f
f (1) =
f ( g ( x1 ) ) = f (1) x2
=
x2
x2
g ( x2 )
(1) , x x2 y x1 , :

( ) .

f ( g ( x2 ) )
g ( x2 ) f ( g ( x2 ) )
f
f (1) =
f ( g ( x2 ) ) = f (1) x1 ()
=
x1
x1
g ( x1 )
g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 ) : f ( g ( x1 )) = f ( g ( x2 )) ( ) .
( ), (), () : x1 = x2 .
, (2) , f 1-1.

() (1) , (2) y x :
f ( g ( x) )
g ( x) f ( g ( x) )
f
f (1) =
f ( g ( x) ) = f (1) x
=
x
x
g ( x)
g ( f ( x))
f ( x) g ( f ( x))
g
g(1) =
g ( f ( x)) = g(1) x
=
x
x
f ( x)
x = 1 , : f ( g (1) ) = f (1) g ( f (1) ) = g (1) .
f , g 1-1, : f (1) = g (1) = 1
: f ( g ( x ) ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = x .
g ( x) x
(1) : f
= .
g ( y) y
x f ( x ) y f ( y ) .
g ( f ( x) ) f ( x)
x
f
=

=
g ( f ( y) ) f ( y)
y

1 f (1)
f =
f
y f ( y)

f ( x)
x = 1 , :
f ( y)

1
1
1
f ( y) f = 1.
=
y f ( y)
y

4
ABC ( AB < AC < BC )
c( , R ) . c1 ( C , AB ) ( C AB )
( c ) D E ( E
A ). c2 ( B , BD ) ( B BD )
( c1 ) F . AF BC .

ABCD , AB = CD ( CD
( c1 ) ).
ABCD AB = CD , AD // BC (*).
ABCD :
AC = BD
(1) .

ABEC , AB = CD = CE ( CD = CE
( c1 ) ).
ABEC AB = CE
AC / / BE
(2) .

5
B , E , F (
= FBC
).
C
= C
= ACB
ABEC : C
(3) .
BC ( c1 ) ( c2 )

DF .

, ABCD :
= C
= ACB
F C = CBD

(4)

C = C .
(3) (4) : C = FB
(2) , AC // BE // BF AC = BF = BD (
(1) ), AC , BF .
ABFC ,
.
(*)
=D
(
B
1
1
).
AD
BC BD . AD / / BC ,
ABCD
.

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