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RMS OF REFERENCEFINAL DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTFOR SANITARY LANDFILL[],[]
General: The Government of [] has identified solid waste disposal as a priority
problem and requires assistance in final design and environmental impact assessment
of a new sanitary landfill to address this problem. The new sanitary landfill
facilities to be designed are proposed to be part of the [] Project planned to be
financed in [] for the local government(s) of []. Finance is expected to be
provided by the []. Siting studies, field investigations, preliminary designs and
an environmental audit report, have already been conducted and will be available
for use by the consultant. Design guidance to be used in this design effort are
attached in Annex A. The consultant shall design facilities and specify equipment
(including all related civil works and essential stationary and mobile equipment)
for sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste at []. A map showing the location
of the site selected for sanitary landfill is attached to these terms of reference.
The site has been selected from among those screened, studied and recommended by []
in 19 [] under separate terms of reference. Preliminary design and environmental
audit has been conducted by [] in 19[] under separate terms of reference. The
consultants shall coordinate their efforts and work closely with the efforts of
social scientists engaged under separate terms of reference to conduct local
consultations (public participation) and develop a resettlement action (or
compensation) plan for affected parties. The design effort is intended to be
participatory, so that public opposition to the final recommended site and facility
design is minimized. To this end, the consultants are advised to encourage the
government to form and convene a steering committee comprised of local authorities
as well as representatives of key non government organizations and citizens groups.
The consultants are expected to fully cooperate with the steering committee and be
available for monthly meetings to discuss progress. Objectives: The work involves
developing the most cost-effective design concept to address environmental impact
mitigative requirements (as outlined from the environmental analysis report) and
developing final designs, with final design drawings, construction details, crosssections, final quantities, costs, technical specifications, tender documents,
operating manuals, and health and safety plans. The design shall be carried out in
accordance with government of [] design guidance typically used for large roads,
highways, waterworks, and other public infrastructure facilities, as well as
another design criteria outlined as an annex to these terms of reference. Annex A
of these terms of reference provides general guidance written by [] and published
by the World Bank for the site selection and design of sanitary landfill for
developing countries. Taking Annex A into consideration, the consultants design
efforts shall address the following facility requirements within their engineering
analysis and designs: Design the sanitary landfill so that the following needs are
addressed: Provide drainage and sanitation facilities.Provide accommodations for
workers to change clothing, wash, eat and rest.Provide buffer zones and operational
controls to handle noise, odor and dust, as well as to meet aesthetic needs
compatible with the surroun#ding environs.Provide access, internal roads and
traffic management systems for safe and efficient flow of traffic for trucks into
and out of, as well as within, the facility.Provide for safe and efficient
unloading of collection and/or transfer vehicles at the working face.Provide for
construction of refuse cells to handle incoming wastes, one day at a time, so that
all landfilled wastes are covered except those from the current day of operation.
Provide for simple open-air composting of suitable wastes, with composting capacity
of up to 25 percent of total incoming solid waste.Provide collection, treatment,
and discharge systems for all lea#chate contaminated waters so as to meet discharge
requirements to support the water quality needs of the receiving water body and any

down gradient receiving waters.Provide collection, ventilation, and, as needed,

flaring systems for all landfill gases to meeting environmental, health and safety
needs of the workers and surrounding residential community.Provide office and
record-keeping facilities for site supervisors and support staff, as well as for
training and meetings.Provide fencing and gate control facilities, including
weighbridges, to secure the site and adequately manage all solid waste accounting
and enable performance monitoring of all incoming vehicles.Provide parking and
workshop facilities, as appropriate, for landfill equipment which will serve the
facility.Provide washing facilities for the landfill equipment, and collection and
transfer vehicles. Design the civil and electro-mechanical works so that they will
have a minimum life of 25 years and be able to withstand foreseeable seismic and
climatic events.Design the facilities so that all construction tasks are clearly
explained, to-be-built facilities are drawn with adequate details, and quality
control measures are fully identified.Develop an operating and maintenance manual
to enable site preparation, landfill cell construction, soil cover, leachate
treatment, gas management, record-keeping activities, closure activities, and
environmental monitoring (during landfilling and post-closure) to be conducted in a
safe, efficient, and environmentally sound manner.Design the civil and electromechanical works so that they will have a minimum life of 25 years and be able to
withstand foreseeable seismic and climatic events.Design the facilities so that all
construction tasks are clearly explained, to-be-built facilities are drawn with
adequate details, and quality control measures are fully identified.Conduct
environmental analysis and develop mitigation measures to address the findings of
the environmental impact assessment findings, as well as to address the findings of
local consultation efforts being conducted under separate terms of reference.
Develop an operating and maintenance manual site preparation, landfill cell
construction, soil cover, leachate treatment, gas management, record-keeping
activities, closure activities, and environmental monitoring (during landfilling
and post-closure) to be conducted in a safe, efficient, and environmentally sound
manner.Develop a health and safety measures to protect workers, visitors and
surrounding residents during construction, operation, closure, and environmental
monitoring activities associated with implementation of the sanitary landfill.Scope
of Services: The work involves developing the most cost-effective design concept to
address environmental impact mitigative requirements (as outlined from the
environmental analysis report) and developing final designs, with final design
drawings, construction details, cross-sections, final quantities, costs, technical
specifications, tender documents, operating manuals, and health and safety plans.
The scope of services is divided into two parts to be conducted in parallel and in
an iterative and interactive manner, namely: Part 1 -- detailed engineering design
services, and Part 2 -- environmental impact assessment services.Part 1 -- Detailed
Engineering Design ServicesTask 1 -- Field Studies. As needed, to supplement field
investigations already conducted as part of the site investigation and confirmation
studies, or as part of the environmental review outlined above under Part 2, for
purposes of detailed engineering: Conduct surveys and collect samples for analysis,
as needed, to confirm the quantity and density of solid wastes for which the
sanitary landfill will be designed.Collect solid waste samples and conduct leachate
generation tests, as needed, to confirm the quantity and characteristic of leachate
for which the sanitary landfill leachate treatment facilities will be designed.
Conduct investigations to locate sources of construction and solid waste cover
materials to provide for at least 10 years of solid waste disposal capacity.Conduct
topographic survey, if not already done as part of previous field investigations,
to provide for full site mapping to meet the projected needs for at least 10 years
of solid waste quantities, with survey mapping drawn at a 1: 500 scale and with 1
meter contour intervals.Conduct test holes to assess the soil conditions, determine
soil type by sieve screenings and standard soil classification/characterization
tests (i.e., sieve analysis, standard penetration tests, atterberg limits, cation
exchange capacity, and permeability), and assess the seasonal high ground water
levels from mottling, piezometric levels, and other signs of high water table. Dig
at least one test hole for every 2 hectares, unless already done in previous field

investigations.Conduct geophysical surveys to determine overall stratigraphy of

soil and weathered rock layers and determine the depth to bedrock, conduct at least
one ground conductivity survey by electromagnetic transverse lines across the
property every 200
m, if not already done as part of earlier field investigations. Perform vertical
electrical soundings to determine formation resistivities and thicknesses in
greater detail at anomalies identified by the electromagnetic surveys.
Conduct
borings to the uppermost confined aquifer (or to within 30 m of the ground surface)
to assess geologic and hydrogeologic conditions, take peizometric water levels,
take groundwater samples to test for basic parameters of potability, and determine
flow directions. Assess whether any deep aquifers which are used or potentially
anticipated to be used for water supply are protected by a confining layer of
impermeable rock or soil. Outline all catchment areas and surface waters on base
maps of 1: 500 scale and delineate groundwater contours at 1 meter intervals.Conduct
biological field studies to assess whether there are significant species or habitat
at the site and identify agricultural activities. Delineate any on-site wetlands
by soils and plant species.Gather information from available sources and interviews
regarding the socio-economic and cultural background of the resident population
surrounding the site. Work with social scientists engaged under separate terms of
reference to understand the problems, needs, and aspirations of the resident
population.Conduct traffic studies to determine the baseline use of the roads
anticipated for use by refuse collection trucks in traveling to and from the
selected landfill site, and the "as constructed" adequacy of these roads, bridges
and culverts to support the additional size, weight and number of vehicles
anticipated for the landfill.Determine wind, rainfall, evaporation and other
conditions which will affect the movement of windblown litter, dust, odor, and
landfill gases.Task 2 -- Process Design. Develop the landfills detailed process
design considering all design parameters and requirements stipulated by the client
and incorporation findings, conclusions and decisions developed to address
significant impacts and concerns identified through the environmental assessment
and public participation studies. Develop the process design for: safe and
efficient flow of truck traffic in and out of the landfill and during unloading and
loading operations.safe and efficient unloading, spreading, grading, compacting,
and covering of solid waste into daily refuse cells.erosion control, flood control,
and diversion and collec#tion of surface runoff which has not come in contract with
the solid waste.collection and treatment of leachate and contaminated surface
runoff.collection (active systems only if gas utilization is cost-effective),
venting, flaring (if required to mitigate environmental impacts), and (if economic)
utilization of landfill gas. composting by simple, open air and limited
mechanization windrow pile methods, of up to 25 percent of the incoming solid waste
considered most suitable for production of high quality compost, such as
residential, yard/garden, sewage treatment sludge, and market waste.Provide an
operations and maintenance manual for all processing activities.Task 3 -- Site
Development Works Design. Perform engineering and complete design of civil works
to include the following: site preparation (such as clearing, draining, filling,
grading and consolidation, as needed)all-weather access road from the main highway
nearest the landfill site to the reception area within the site (including on-off
ramps and interchanges as needed)temporary on-site roads from the reception area
within the site to the working faceall-weather parking for the landfill equipment
and, as needed depending on space limitations at the transfer station sites, for
some or all of the transfer truck fleetgate control building (including works to
house weigh#bridge equipment) for incoming trucks and, as needed, outgoing trucks
support building (including offices for supervisors and support staff, room for
training and meetings, canteen, worker accommodations for washing/changing/resting)
erosion control, flood control, and diversion and drai#nage system for
uncontaminated surface runoffsanitary systemwater supply systemfire protection
systemlining the landfill base with appropriate clay material and plastic
geomembranes, as needed to protect underground water resources from contamination
(natural attenuation and percolation systems are to be considered in areas where

underground water resources are not potable or usable for irrigation or livestock)
collection system for leachate and contaminated surface runoffpre-treatment,
transfer, or treatment and discharge system for leachate and contaminated surface
runoff, as appropriate for site conditionsgas collection, including vent/flaring
systems and/or gas utilization systemleachate and gas monitoring wellscomposting
system for only ideally suitable organic wastes by simple open air windrow pile
methodsworkshop for repair and maintenance of landfill equipmentwashing facilities
for landfill equipment and collection/transfer trucks.Develop the landfill designs
and drawings so that the source and method of obtaining and stockpiling daily,
intermediate and final soil cover and for constructing cells is clearly shown.
Prepare cell construction sequencing plans. The final sequencing plan for each
phase of landfill shall show closure of that portion of the land#fill and the final
grade after application at final soil cover.Evaluate the effects of seismic events
on the site and subsurface geotechnical conditions, including determination of the
recommended seismic design acceleration, selection response spectrum appropriate to
the site conditions, and determination of liquefaction potential of subsurface
soils. Determine the appropriate slopes allowable for the solid waste cells to
maintain slope stability under predictable seismic events. Determine the needs for
toe berms for stabilization and other mitigative measures to ensure that the
sanitary landfill will maintain structural integrity. Design all new structures to
take into account the earthquake motion in accordance with the most recent AASHTO
Standard Specifications for seismic design criteria.Review and verify the
condition, structural adequacy, suitability, anticipated servicability, and extent
of needed repairs and strengthening for any facilities at the sanitary landfill
site and along main transportation routes to the site, including bridges, culverts,
roads, waterworks, etc.Task 4 -- Electro-Mechanical Works Design. Perform
engineering and undertake design of the following electro-mechanical works, in
accordance with the findings and mitigative measures recommended by the
environmental assessment and public participation studies: electrical power and
distribution systemtraffic management controlsweighing bridgescommunication system
fire alarm/protection systemgas collection and vent, flare, and/or utilization
systemsleachate pretreatment, transfer, or treatment equipment (such as aeration
and chemical feed equipment, as appropriate)Provide an operations and maintenance
manual for use of the electro-mechanical works.Task 5 -- Architectural Design.
Design the facilities to be functionally effective, enable economic operations, and
require minimum maintenance.Task 6 -- Quantity and Cost Estimates. Prepare the
bill of quantities for all works and cost esti#mates of pay items for each
component of the design. All construction quantities and costs shall be estimated
to an accuracy of plus or minus 10 percent. Define the methods of payment per item
(lump sum, unit cost) which would be most appropriate to enable and facilitate cost
and quality control. Separately note taxes which are anticipated for each pay
item, such as value added taxes and customs duties.Task 7 -- Specification for
Landfill Equipment. Prepare a list of all equipment required to operate the
land#fill, including bulldozers, landfill compactors, front-end loaders, open
tippers and rippers, as appropriate. Include any special equipment needed for the
open air windrow pile composting system, such as conveyor sorting belts, windrow
turners, and portable trommel and vibrating screens. Develop technical
specifications for each type and size of landfill equipment unit listed. Be
attentive to standardization of major components with the rest of the local
government fleets and coordinate with local workshop supervisors for technical
advice. Task 8 -- Tender and Contract Documents. In accordance with World Bank
guidance and standard procedures, prepare the following documents for Contracting
of Civil and Electro-Mechanical works and procurement of landfill equipment
included within the scope of services, including: instructions to tendererscomplete
set of final construction drawings (inclu#ding sequencing plans for each phase of
landfill).technical specificationsbill of quantitiesconditions of contractform of
contractbidding formTask 9 -- Operations and Maintenance Manual. Prepare a manual
to guide all aspects of the sanitary landfill operation and post closure
activities, including waste to be accepted and rejected, weigh#ing, unloading of

wastes, litter control at the working face, cell construction, waste compaction,
composting of suitable waste streams, segregated handling and burial of special
wastes (e.g., medical wastes, asbestos), fire control, environmental monitoring
(e.g., leachate, landfill gas), occupational health and safety, equipment
maintenance and repair, staffing and job description.Task 10 -- Health and Safety
Manual. Prepare a manual to guide all aspects of sanitary landfill construction,
operation, monitoring, and post closure activities, with regard to health and
safety, including measures to deal with hazardous (potentially toxic, ignitable,
explosive, gas-producing, reactive, infectious) wastes,
fires, explosions, gas releases, accidents, injuries. Communication, medical
care, emergency response, and evacuation procedures are to be outlined, as well as
all other potentially useful procedures for ensuring the health and safety of all
workers, visitors, and surrounding residents at the site. Task 11 -- Privatization
Agreement to Build and Operate. The construction of the sanitary landfill will
initially involve all fencing, access road, gatehouse, drainage, offices and
overall site infrastructure. In phases, portions of the site will be developed for
placement of the solid waste in cells. These phased portions of the landfill will
include associated excavation, base preparation, lining, leachate collection, and
leachate treatment facilities. The project entitled [] with the [] is expected to
wholly or in part finance the initial construction and the phased portions which
are scheduled to be accomplished during the [] year project period. The local
government will finance the operation of the landfill. Prepare a privatization
agreement in two parts, with Part One for construction of the initial and phased
portions which are to be financed during the [] project, including procurement of
all landfill equipment, and Part Two for operation of the landfill. A concession to
build, own, and operate (BOO) or to build, operate and transfer (BOT) may be
considered. The concessionaire would in part provide investment financing. The
client will provide guidance on which type of privatization agreement, as
appropriate if desired, to structure by the end of third month of consultants work
under these terms of reference.Part 2 -- Environmental Review Task 1 -- Field
Studies.
As needed, to supplement field investigations already conducted as part
of the site investigation and confirmation studies, for purposes of environmental
impact assessment conduct the following field investigations: Conduct test holes to
assess the soil conditions, determine soil type by sieve screenings and standard
soil classification/characterization tests, and assess the seasonal high ground
water levels from mottling, piezometric levels, and other signs of high water
table.Conduct geophysical surveys. To determine overall stratigraphy of soil and
weathered rock layers and determine the depth to bedrock, conduct ground
conductivity survey by electromagnetic transverse lines across the property.
Perform vertical electrical soundings to determine formation resistivities and
thicknesses in greater detail at anomalies identified by the electromagnetic
surveys.
Conduct borings to the uppermost confined aquifer (or to within 30 m of
the ground surface) to assess geologic and hydrogeologic conditions, take
peizometric water levels, take groundwater samples to test for basic parameters of
potability, and determine flow directions. Assess whether any deep aquifers which
are used or potentially anticipated to be used for water supply are protected by a
confining layer of impermeable rock or soil. Outline all catchment areas and
surface waters on base maps of 1: 500 scale and delineate groundwater contours at 1
meter intervals. Conduct biological field studies to assess whether there are
significant species or habitat at the site and identify agricultural activities.
Delineate any on-site wetlands by soils and plant species.Gather information from
available sources and interviews regarding the socio-economic and cultural
background of the resident population surrounding the site. Work with social
scientists engaged under separate terms of reference to understand the problems,
needs, and aspirations of the resident population.Conduct traffic studies to
determine the baseline use of the roads anticipated for use by refuse collection
trucks in traveling to and from the selected landfill site, and the "as
constructed" adequacy of these roads, bridges and culverts to support the
additional size, weight and number of vehicles anticipated for the landfill.

Determine wind, rainfall, evaporation and other conditions which will affect the
movement of windblown litter, dust, odor, and landfill gases.Task 2 -Environmental Analysis. Assess the environmental issues of the proposed landfill,
including the access road and its use, on the site and surrounding environment.
Include assessment of traffic, noise, dust, odor, leachate, wastewater discharge,
and landfill gas impacts on the environment. Include assessment of the creation of
jobs or the payment of a host fee on the economics of the area. Include aesthetic,
historical, and cultural impacts, as appropriate. The environmental analysis shall
be conducted in parallel with the detailed engineering design, in an iterative and
interactive manner so that the design eventually incorporates mitigative measures
and results in the most cost-effective sanitary landfill for local conditions. The
EA will be prepared following the World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, dated
October 3, 1991, and Operational Directive 4.00, Annex A, dated October 31, 1989,
or other related directives of local government and whatever funding agencies might
be involved in project implementation. Government of [] legislation or/and
regulations on the topics of landfilling have not yet been fully prepared.
However, the EA will be prepared with consideration of the general EIA approach
from the national ministry dealing with environmental protection. This TOR shall
have been reviewed with this ministry prior to contact signing.The study shall
cover an area of a radius of 1,000 meters from the boundary of the proposed
landfill location for purposes of aesthetic, terrestrial, and atmospheric pollution
issues. The study shall cover the watershed and aquifer areas from the landfill to
any downgradient receiving waters (shallow and deep groundwaters, as well as fresh
and/or saltwater surface waters). Furthermore, the study shall include the
receiving waters of the outfall from the wastewater treatment plant in which
leachate shall be treated. The study area will include the route of direct waste
haul and transfer from [] to the landfill (i.e., across existing or planned roads)
as well as the potential impact in neighboring communities, including farms.The
assessment will include, but not be limited to, the following activities: Soil and
geological surveyHydrogeological surveyEstimation of leachate quantify and quality
Estimation of landfill gas quantify and qualityTraffic assessmentSocio-economic
surveyAssessment of the environmental impactsDevelopment of mitigative measures for
inclusion in the final design of the sanitary landfill's construction and operation
Task 1 -- Description of the Proposed Project. Describe the project, using
information from any studies on siting, site confirmation, preliminary design, and
environmental audit conducted earlier. The description shall include:
Infrastructure of service area: briefly describe the service area (number of
inhabitants, residential areas, land use, including previous use over the last 2050 years, industrial areas, transfer stations); determine the distance and direct
haul routes and transfer routes from various waste centers to the sanitary
landfill, including any new access roads that may need to be built. Surrounding
environment of landfill location: determine and describe the demographic setting of
the landfill location; describe the surrounding topography and land use
characteristics and proximity to residential neighborhoods from the proposed
landfill, including past land use patterns, whether agriculture, forestry, in the
case of a military site specifically how sit was used over past 50 years and impact
of that use; determine and describe the overall direction of groundwater flow,
drinking water recharge areas downstream of the location, and receiving waters into
which groundwater and leachate treatment plant discharge; meteorological data
regarding wind directions, precipitation and net infiltration.Facts about the
landfill development: layouts, cross-sections, and construction details for the
landfill, including all receiving facilities, landfill cell construction details,
leachate and landfill gas collection and management facilities, mitigative
measures, monitoring systems, and final closure plans; construction and operation
schedules, including scheduling of site preparation, cell construction, interim
road development of each phase of landfill development.a description of the
responsible parties, including organization structure and staffing for the landfill
development; confirmation and consultation program with affected peoples in area;
operational plans for waste types and quantities which might be allowed to be

received; including special handling requirements for yard wastes, bulky wastes
(tires, appliances, mattresses, etc.), construction/demolition debris, dewatered
wastewater treatment plant sludges, batteries, and selected medical wastes;
operation plans for handling of waste types and quantities which are not expected
to be allowed to be received; including hazardous industrial wastes, untreated
septic tank or cesspit contents, and surgical wastes; health and safety plans; final
closure procedures; and monitoring plans (short- and long-term).Task 2 -Description of the Environment. The environment shall be described through
assembly, evaluation and presentation of baseline data on the following: Physical
environment: nature of surrounding environment (including homes, farms, forest
areas, industry, small business enterprises and other establishments) and proximity
to these; description of the existing topography and the proposed and areas which
will be affected by any aesthetic impact; traffic conditions along the major haul
routes between the waste centers and the proposed landfill at present and after
implementation
of the proposed landfill. The existing traffic conditions must be based on field
survey; and proposed traffic patters should be examine as well; determination of the
geology of the area through a geological description of borings, soils samples, and
geophysical surveys, as well as review of available literature and existing well
logs on record for the region; determination of all groundwater recharge areas and
use of groundwater downgradient from the landfill; condition and present and planned
use of the receiving water and standards for discharge to the receiving water;
determination of meteorological data (net infiltration, temperature variations and
prevailing wind directions).Biological environment: survey all major terrestrial
flora and fauna on the landfill site; collect any information on sensitive habitats
in the area and any rare, endangered or commercially important species; identify any
nearby protected areas; delineate on-site wetlands by soils and plants.Sociocultural environment: identify any populations which may need to be resettled or
compensated for losses in order to enable landfill development, including the use
and compensation value of the properties which they own or inhabit; describe the
sensitivity and difficulties of resettlement; describe any waste picking communities
which may have livelihood disruption from closure of existing disposal sites due to
implementation of the new landfill; describe the needs and difficulties of
developing alternative livelihood; describe past and present use of the location and
surrounding land and any historical, religious or cultural significance of the
area; determine the demographic character of the surrounding neighborhoods and the
sensitivity of the public to the proposed landfill, including perception to
increased traffic, noise, dust, odor, and aesthetic appearance; other planned
development activities on the location and in the nearby surroundings.Task 3 -Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. The national and local legislation and
guidelines on landfilling of waste are to be described and the authorities
responsible for monitoring of construction and the environment are to be noted.
Any standards to be met for discharge from leachate treatment plants must be
included. Outline the steps for obtaining all necessary environmental permits.
Discuss the need for any legislation to be prepared in order to ensure that the
proposed environmental standards will be fulfilled.Discuss needs for education,
inspection and enforcement to comply with existing and proposed legislation and any
other requirements needed to ensure fulfillment of the proposed environment
monitoring at national and local level.Task 4 -- Determination of Potential Impacts
of the Proposed Project. Identify and describe all potential major environmental
impacts from the landfill development which will be significant over the long-term.
Describe as a minimum the environmental consequences from: leachate emanating to
surroundings through leakage in the proposed liner system; including estimates of
quantity and quality of a potential leachate leakage and the consequences to
groundwater and receiving surface water by using the information obtained under
Task 3; impact to neighborhoods along direct haul routes from increased traffic
(primarily noise, dust, litter, odor, and vibrations), and including economic
development due to improvements in roadways and trade from refuse haulage
personnel; estimate impacts to surrounding neighborhoods near the landfill from

noise, odor, gaseous emissions, dust, air-borne pathogenic micro-organisms, and

wind blown litter potentially related to landfill construction and operation;
creation of direct and secondary jobs related to landfill development; closure of
the existing open dump disposal site.Task 5 -- Analysis of Alternatives to the
Proposed Project. Describe alternatives that were examined in the course of
screening sites and conducting preliminary design and assessment of the proposed
landfill. Describe alternative designs for construction and operation which were
examined, including liner solutions (no liner, clay liner, synthetic liner and
composite liner systems); alternative gas venting, flaring and utilization systems;
operation alternatives (cell development vs. open face development, optimizing of
methanogenisis vs. no special operation techniques); leachate treatment methods
(recycling vs. non-recycling and treatment in an existing municipal waste water
treatment plant vs. on-site treatment); and alternative haul routes. Include the
"no action" alternative of the sanitary landfill not being constructed, but
continuing with the existing disposal site as it is currently being operated.
Discuss potential for waste minimization.Compare the alternatives in terms of
potential environmental impact (which are irreversible, unavoidable and which can
be mitigated); capital and operation costs; sustainability under local conditions;
and institutional, training and monitoring requirements. To the extent possible,
quantify costs and benefits of each alternative.Task 6 -- Development of Management
Plan to Mitigate Negative Impacts. Recommended feasible and cost-effective
measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels.
Indicate the impacts and costs of those measures, and of the institutional and
training requirements to implement them. Consider compensation to affected parties
for impacts which cannot be mitigated (e.g., re-housing of residents within a
distance of approximately 250 meters from the proximity of the proposed landfill).
Prepare management plan (including budget estimate, staffing requirements and other
necessary support) to implement the mitigating measures.Task 7 -- Identification of
Institutional Needs to Implement Environmental Assessment Recommendations. Review
the institutional capacity to implement, manage and monitor (in the short term as
well as in the long-term) the proposed sanitary landfill. Recommend, if necessary,
institutional strengthening at all levels.Task 8 -- Development of Monitoring
Plans. Set up a monitoring plan for the proposed landfill. The monitoring plan
shall comprise the following: leachate quality and quantity before and after
treatment; groundwater quality and level upgradient and downgradient from the
landfill; landfill gas quality on-site and off-site; water quality upgradient and
downgradient from the discharge point from the leachate treatment plant; compost
production and final compost quality; construction materials and works (liner
quality and integrity, drainage sand and gravel quality, pipes and joints, concrete
quality, etc.)The monitoring plan shall make every effort to outline monitoring
procedures and indicator parameters which are uncomplicated and inexpensive to
conduct and easy to evaluate.Task 9 -- Assist in Inter-Agency Coordination and
Public Participation. Prepare together with the [] ministry involved with
environmental protection and local governments a meeting to which all relevant
ministries and departments in [] local government are invited. Coordinate with
social scientists which are hired under separate terms of reference to conduct
local consultation and develop resettlement and compensation action plans. At this
public participation meeting, present the project, the environmental issues related
to the project and the responsibility, involvement and commitments of the relevant
ministries and departments. Prepare also, together with the [] ministry for
environmental protection and local governments and separately hired social
scientists, a public hearing to which all affected parties, relevant non government
organizations and citizens groups are invited. In the public hearing, present the
project and all environmental issues related to the project. Keep records of these
meetings and address concerns as part of the mitigative measures in final design
activities conducted under Part 1 of the scope of services within these terms of
reference.Reports and Plans: The consultants shall provide the following
deliverables: Ten copies of monthly progress reports, describing the progress made
on design and environmental assessment services required, shall be provi#ded. The

progress reports shall include the problems encountered, if any, and major findings
and recommendations, as well as the basis for such recommendations.Ten copies of
the environmental review report, including data reports for all field sampling and
survey investigations at the selected site.Ten copies of the proposed design,
including layouts and design details, with their cor#responding design analysis,
quantity and construction cost estimate. This submittal shall be accompanied by a
notebook compiling in a clear and orderly manner all calculations and procedures
used in the design and analysis. All calculations shall be signed by the original
design engineers, as well as the reviewing licensed professional engineers.Ten
copies of all draft final and final draft plans, drawings, specifications, other
neces#sary bidding documents and related documents, properly signed by the original
design engineers as well as the reviewing licensed professional engineers.Ten
copies of the draft final and final environmental assessment report.Ten copies of
the draft final and final operations and maintenance manual and the health and
safety manual.Ten copies of the draft final and final privatization agreement.
Three confidential copies of cost estimates and one set of reproducible plans and
drawings on stable based materials shall be submitted upon completion of final
design.Schedule: The initial stages of environmental review, including field
sampling and survey activities shall be completed within a period of 5 months. The
initial services
of the engineering design, including field sampling and survey activities and
design layout and process design, shall be completed within a period of 9 months.
The overall effort for final environmental analysis and final design, including all
detailed drawings, specifications, and quantities, shall be completed within a
period of no more than 15 months. This schedule assumes a one month period for
review and comment after the initial stages of environmental review and engineering
design, and the start up of the final engineering design.Team: The consulting team
shall include at least one civil/environmental Engineers with experience in
landfill techniques and design; one hydrogeologist experienced in hydrogeological
field survey and modeling of contaminant release from landfills; one
chemical/environmental engineer experienced in degradation processes in landfills
and outcome in terms of leachate and gas; one civil/geotechnical engineer
experienced in soil mechanics and design of landfills and environmental protection
measures, including assessment of the special needs for stability under seismic
event; one civil engineer or air pollution expert experienced in noise and
vibration evaluation; one terrestrial and one aquatic biologist experienced in
environmental impact assessment of landfill sites; one land use planner experienced
in environmental impact assessments; and one sociologist experienced in community
participation. Each of the above specialists shall have a minimum of ten years
related experience in their field of expertise, including experience in at least 3
developing countries.#(..continued) #TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR FINAL DESIGNAND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORSANITARY LANDFILL# PAGE #13#
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RMS OF REFERENCEFINAL DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTFOR SANITARY LANDFILL[],[]
General: The Government of [] has identified solid waste disposal as a priority
problem and requires assistance in final design and environmental impact assessment
of a new sanitary landfill to address this problem. The new sanitary landfill
facilities to be designed are proposed to be part of the [] Project planned to be
financed in [] for the local government(s) of []. Finance is expected to be
provided by the []. Siting studies, field investigations, preliminary designs and
an environmental audit report, have already been conducted and will be available
for use by the consultant. Design guidance to be used in this design effort are
attached in Annex A. The consultant shall design facilities and specify equipment
(including all related civil works and essential stationary and mobile equipment)
for sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste at []. A map showing the location
of the site selected for sanitary landfill is attached to these terms of reference.
The site has been selected from among those screened, studied and recommended by []
in 19 [] under separate terms of reference. Preliminary design and environmental
audit has been conducted by [] in 19[] under separate terms of reference. The
consultants shall coordinate their efforts and work closely with the efforts of
social scientists engaged under separate terms of reference to conduct local
consultations (public participation) and develop a resettlement action (or
compensation) plan for affected parties. The design effort is intended to be
participatory, so that public opposition to the final recommended site and facility
design is minimized. To this end, the consultants are advised to encourage the
government to form and convene a steering committee comprised of local authorities
as well as representatives of key non government organizations and citizens groups.
The consultants are expected to fully cooperate with the steering committee and be
available for monthly meetings to discuss progress. Objectives: The work involves
developing the most cost-effective design concept to address environmental impact
mitigative requirements (as outlined from the environmental analysis report) and
developing final designs, with final design drawings, construction details, crosssections, final quantities, costs, technical specifications, tender documents,
operating manuals, and health and safety plans. The design shall be carried out in
accordance with government of [] design guidance typically used for large roads,
highways, waterworks, and other public infrastructure facilities, as well as
another design criteria outlined as an annex to these terms of reference. Annex A
of these terms of reference provides general guidance written by [] and published
by the World Bank for the site selection and design of sanitary landfill for
developing countries. Taking Annex A into consideration, the consultants design
efforts shall address the following facility requirements within their engineering
analysis and designs: Design the sanitary landfill so that the following needs are
addressed: Provide drainage and sanitation facilities.Provide accommodations for
workers to change clothing, wash, eat and rest.Provide buffer zones and operational
controls to handle noise, odor and dust, as well as to meet aesthetic needs
compatible with the surroun#ding environs.Provide access, internal roads and
traffic management systems for safe and efficient flow of traffic for trucks into
and out of, as well as within, the facility.Provide for safe and efficient
unloading of collection and/or transfer vehicles at the working face.Provide for
construction of refuse cells to handle incoming wastes, one day at a time, so that
all landfilled wastes are covered except those from the current day of operation.
Provide for simple open-air composting of suitable wastes, with composting capacity
of up to 25 percent of total incoming solid waste.Provide collection, treatment,
and discharge systems for all lea#chate contaminated waters so as to meet discharge
requirements to support the water quality needs of the receiving water body and any

down gradient receiving waters.Provide collection, ventilation, and, as needed,

flaring systems for all landfill gases to meeting environmental, health and safety
needs of the workers and surrounding residential community.Provide office and
record-keeping facilities for site supervisors and support staff, as well as for
training and meetings.Provide fencing and gate control facilities, including
weighbridges, to secure the site and adequately manage all solid waste accounting
and enable performance monitoring of all incoming vehicles.Provide parking and
workshop facilities, as appropriate, for landfill equipment which will serve the
facility.Provide washing facilities for the landfill equipment, and collection and
transfer vehicles. Design the civil and electro-mechanical works so that they will
have a minimum life of 25 years and be able to withstand foreseeable seismic and
climatic events.Design the facilities so that all construction tasks are clearly
explained, to-be-built facilities are drawn with adequate details, and quality
control measures are fully identified.Develop an operating and maintenance manual
to enable site preparation, landfill cell construction, soil cover, leachate
treatment, gas management, record-keeping activities, closure activities, and
environmental monitoring (during landfilling and post-closure) to be conducted in a
safe, efficient, and environmentally sound manner.Design the civil and electromechanical works so that they will have a minimum life of 25 years and be able to
withstand foreseeable seismic and climatic events.Design the facilities so that all
construction tasks are clearly explained, to-be-built facilities are drawn with
adequate details, and quality control measures are fully identified.Conduct
environmental analysis and develop mitigation measures to address the findings of
the environmental impact assessment findings, as well as to address the findings of
local consultation efforts being conducted under separate terms of reference.
Develop an operating and maintenance manual site preparation, landfill cell
construction, soil cover, leachate treatment, gas management, record-keeping
activities, closure activities, and environmental monitoring (during landfilling
and post-closure) to be conducted in a safe, efficient, and environmentally sound
manner.Develop a health and safety measures to protect workers, visitors and
surrounding residents during construction, operation, closure, and environmental
monitoring activities associated with implementation of the sanitary landfill.Scope
of Services: The work involves developing the most cost-effective design concept to
address environmental impact mitigative requirements (as outlined from the
environmental analysis report) and developing final designs, with final design
drawings, construction details, cross-sections, final quantities, costs, technical
specifications, tender documents, operating manuals, and health and safety plans.
The scope of services is divided into two parts to be conducted in parallel and in
an iterative and interactive manner, namely: Part 1 -- detailed engineering design
services, and Part 2 -- environmental impact assessment services.Part 1 -- Detailed
Engineering Design ServicesTask 1 -- Field Studies. As needed, to supplement field
investigations already conducted as part of the site investigation and confirmation
studies, or as part of the environmental review outlined above under Part 2, for
purposes of detailed engineering: Conduct surveys and collect samples for analysis,
as needed, to confirm the quantity and density of solid wastes for which the
sanitary landfill will be designed.Collect solid waste samples and conduct leachate
generation tests, as needed, to confirm the quantity and characteristic of leachate
for which the sanitary landfill leachate treatment facilities will be designed.
Conduct investigations to locate sources of construction and solid waste cover
materials to provide for at least 10 years of solid waste disposal capacity.Conduct
topographic survey, if not already done as part of previous field investigations,
to provide for full site mapping to meet the projected needs for at least 10 years
of solid waste quantities, with survey mapping drawn at a 1: 500 scale and with 1
meter contour intervals.Conduct test holes to assess the soil conditions, determine
soil type by sieve screenings and standard soil classification/characterization
tests (i.e., sieve analysis, standard penetration tests, atterberg limits, cation
exchange capacity, and permeability), and assess the seasonal high ground water
levels from mottling, piezometric levels, and other signs of high water table. Dig
at least one test hole for every 2 hectares, unless already done in previous field

investigations.Conduct geophysical surveys to determine overall stratigraphy of

soil and weathered rock layers and determine the depth to bedrock, conduct at least
one ground conductivity survey by electromagnetic transverse lines across the
property every 200
m, if not already done as part of earlier field investigations. Perform vertical
electrical soundings to determine formation resistivities and thicknesses in
greater detail at anomalies identified by the electromagnetic surveys.
Conduct
borings to the uppermost confined aquifer (or to within 30 m of the ground surface)
to assess geologic and hydrogeologic conditions, take peizometric water levels,
take groundwater samples to test for basic parameters of potability, and determine
flow directions. Assess whether any deep aquifers which are used or potentially
anticipated to be used for water supply are protected by a confining layer of
impermeable rock or soil. Outline all catchment areas and surface waters on base
maps of 1: 500 scale and delineate groundwater contours at 1 meter intervals.Conduct
biological field studies to assess whether there are significant species or habitat
at the site and identify agricultural activities. Delineate any on-site wetlands
by soils and plant species.Gather information from available sources and interviews
regarding the socio-economic and cultural background of the resident population
surrounding the site. Work with social scientists engaged under separate terms of
reference to understand the problems, needs, and aspirations of the resident
population.Conduct traffic studies to determine the baseline use of the roads
anticipated for use by refuse collection trucks in traveling to and from the
selected landfill site, and the "as constructed" adequacy of these roads, bridges
and culverts to support the additional size, weight and number of vehicles
anticipated for the landfill.Determine wind, rainfall, evaporation and other
conditions which will affect the movement of windblown litter, dust, odor, and
landfill gases.Task 2 -- Process Design. Develop the landfills detailed process
design considering all design parameters and requirements stipulated by the client
and incorporation findings, conclusions and decisions developed to address
significant impacts and concerns identified through the environmental assessment
and public participation studies. Develop the process design for: safe and
efficient flow of truck traffic in and out of the landfill and during unloading and
loading operations.safe and efficient unloading, spreading, grading, compacting,
and covering of solid waste into daily refuse cells.erosion control, flood control,
and diversion and collec#tion of surface runoff which has not come in contract with
the solid waste.collection and treatment of leachate and contaminated surface
runoff.collection (active systems only if gas utilization is cost-effective),
venting, flaring (if required to mitigate environmental impacts), and (if economic)
utilization of landfill gas. composting by simple, open air and limited
mechanization windrow pile methods, of up to 25 percent of the incoming solid waste
considered most suitable for production of high quality compost, such as
residential, yard/garden, sewage treatment sludge, and market waste.Provide an
operations and maintenance manual for all processing activities.Task 3 -- Site
Development Works Design. Perform engineering and complete design of civil works
to include the following: site preparation (such as clearing, draining, filling,
grading and consolidation, as needed)all-weather access road from the main highway
nearest the landfill site to the reception area within the site (including on-off
ramps and interchanges as needed)temporary on-site roads from the reception area
within the site to the working faceall-weather parking for the landfill equipment
and, as needed depending on space limitations at the transfer station sites, for
some or all of the transfer truck fleetgate control building (including works to
house weigh#bridge equipment) for incoming trucks and, as needed, outgoing trucks
support building (including offices for supervisors and support staff, room for
training and meetings, canteen, worker accommodations for washing/changing/resting)
erosion control, flood control, and diversion and drai#nage system for
uncontaminated surface runoffsanitary systemwater supply systemfire protection
systemlining the landfill base with appropriate clay material and plastic
geomembranes, as needed to protect underground water resources from contamination
(natural attenuation and percolation systems are to be considered in areas where

underground water resources are not potable or usable for irrigation or livestock)
collection system for leachate and contaminated surface runoffpre-treatment,
transfer, or treatment and discharge system for leachate and contaminated surface
runoff, as appropriate for site conditionsgas collection, including vent/flaring
systems and/or gas utilization systemleachate and gas monitoring wellscomposting
system for only ideally suitable organic wastes by simple open air windrow pile
methodsworkshop for repair and maintenance of landfill equipmentwashing facilities
for landfill equipment and collection/transfer trucks.Develop the landfill designs
and drawings so that the source and method of obtaining and stockpiling daily,
intermediate and final soil cover and for constructing cells is clearly shown.
Prepare cell construction sequencing plans. The final sequencing plan for each
phase of landfill shall show closure of that portion of the land#fill and the final
grade after application at final soil cover.Evaluate the effects of seismic events
on the site and subsurface geotechnical conditions, including determination of the
recommended seismic design acceleration, selection response spectrum appropriate to
the site conditions, and determination of liquefaction potential of subsurface
soils. Determine the appropriate slopes allowable for the solid waste cells to
maintain slope stability under predictable seismic events. Determine the needs for
toe berms for stabilization and other mitigative measures to ensure that the
sanitary landfill will maintain structural integrity. Design all new structures to
take into account the earthquake motion in accordance with the most recent AASHTO
Standard Specifications for seismic design criteria.Review and verify the
condition, structural adequacy, suitability, anticipated servicability, and extent
of needed repairs and strengthening for any facilities at the sanitary landfill
site and along main transportation routes to the site, including bridges, culverts,
roads, waterworks, etc.Task 4 -- Electro-Mechanical Works Design. Perform
engineering and undertake design of the following electro-mechanical works, in
accordance with the findings and mitigative measures recommended by the
environmental assessment and public participation studies: electrical power and
distribution systemtraffic management controlsweighing bridgescommunication system
fire alarm/protection systemgas collection and vent, flare, and/or utilization
systemsleachate pretreatment, transfer, or treatment equipment (such as aeration
and chemical feed equipment, as appropriate)Provide an operations and maintenance
manual for use of the electro-mechanical works.Task 5 -- Architectural Design.
Design the facilities to be functionally effective, enable economic operations, and
require minimum maintenance.Task 6 -- Quantity and Cost Estimates. Prepare the
bill of quantities for all works and cost esti#mates of pay items for each
component of the design. All construction quantities and costs shall be estimated
to an accuracy of plus or minus 10 percent. Define the methods of payment per item
(lump sum, unit cost) which would be most appropriate to enable and facilitate cost
and quality control. Separately note taxes which are anticipated for each pay
item, such as value added taxes and customs duties.Task 7 -- Specification for
Landfill Equipment. Prepare a list of all equipment required to operate the
land#fill, including bulldozers, landfill compactors, front-end loaders, open
tippers and rippers, as appropriate. Include any special equipment needed for the
open air windrow pile composting system, such as conveyor sorting belts, windrow
turners, and portable trommel and vibrating screens. Develop technical
specifications for each type and size of landfill equipment unit listed. Be
attentive to standardization of major components with the rest of the local
government fleets and coordinate with local workshop supervisors for technical
advice. Task 8 -- Tender and Contract Documents. In accordance with World Bank
guidance and standard procedures, prepare the following documents for Contracting
of Civil and Electro-Mechanical works and procurement of landfill equipment
included within the scope of services, including: instructions to tendererscomplete
set of final construction drawings (inclu#ding sequencing plans for each phase of
landfill).technical specificationsbill of quantitiesconditions of contractform of
contractbidding formTask 9 -- Operations and Maintenance Manual. Prepare a manual
to guide all aspects of the sanitary landfill operation and post closure
activities, including waste to be accepted and rejected, weigh#ing, unloading of

wastes, litter control at the working face, cell construction, waste compaction,
composting of suitable waste streams, segregated handling and burial of special
wastes (e.g., medical wastes, asbestos), fire control, environmental monitoring
(e.g., leachate, landfill gas), occupational health and safety, equipment
maintenance and repair, staffing and job description.Task 10 -- Health and Safety
Manual. Prepare a manual to guide all aspects of sanitary landfill construction,
operation, monitoring, and post closure activities, with regard to health and
safety, including measures to deal with hazardous (potentially toxic, ignitable,
explosive, gas-producing, reactive, infectious) wastes,
fires, explosions, gas releases, accidents, injuries. Communication, medical
care, emergency response, and evacuation procedures are to be outlined, as well as
all other potentially useful procedures for ensuring the health and safety of all
workers, visitors, and surrounding residents at the site. Task 11 -- Privatization
Agreement to Build and Operate. The construction of the sanitary landfill will
initially involve all fencing, access road, gatehouse, drainage, offices and
overall site infrastructure. In phases, portions of the site will be developed for
placement of the solid waste in cells. These phased portions of the landfill will
include associated excavation, base preparation, lining, leachate collection, and
leachate treatment facilities. The project entitled [] with the [] is expected to
wholly or in part finance the initial construction and the phased portions which
are scheduled to be accomplished during the [] year project period. The local
government will finance the operation of the landfill. Prepare a privatization
agreement in two parts, with Part One for construction of the initial and phased
portions which are to be financed during the [] project, including procurement of
all landfill equipment, and Part Two for operation of the landfill. A concession to
build, own, and operate (BOO) or to build, operate and transfer (BOT) may be
considered. The concessionaire would in part provide investment financing. The
client will provide guidance on which type of privatization agreement, as
appropriate if desired, to structure by the end of third month of consultants work
under these terms of reference.Part 2 -- Environmental Review Task 1 -- Field
Studies.
As needed, to supplement field investigations already conducted as part
of the site investigation and confirmation studies, for purposes of environmental
impact assessment conduct the following field investigations: Conduct test holes to
assess the soil conditions, determine soil type by sieve screenings and standard
soil classification/characterization tests, and assess the seasonal high ground
water levels from mottling, piezometric levels, and other signs of high water
table.Conduct geophysical surveys. To determine overall stratigraphy of soil and
weathered rock layers and determine the depth to bedrock, conduct ground
conductivity survey by electromagnetic transverse lines across the property.
Perform vertical electrical soundings to determine formation resistivities and
thicknesses in greater detail at anomalies identified by the electromagnetic
surveys.
Conduct borings to the uppermost confined aquifer (or to within 30 m of
the ground surface) to assess geologic and hydrogeologic conditions, take
peizometric water levels, take groundwater samples to test for basic parameters of
potability, and determine flow directions. Assess whether any deep aquifers which
are used or potentially anticipated to be used for water supply are protected by a
confining layer of impermeable rock or soil. Outline all catchment areas and
surface waters on base maps of 1: 500 scale and delineate groundwater contours at 1
meter intervals. Conduct biological field studies to assess whether there are
significant species or habitat at the site and identify agricultural activities.
Delineate any on-site wetlands by soils and plant species.Gather information from
available sources and interviews regarding the socio-economic and cultural
background of the resident population surrounding the site. Work with social
scientists engaged under separate terms of reference to understand the problems,
needs, and aspirations of the resident population.Conduct traffic studies to
determine the baseline use of the roads anticipated for use by refuse collection
trucks in traveling to and from the selected landfill site, and the "as
constructed" adequacy of these roads, bridges and culverts to support the
additional size, weight and number of vehicles anticipated for the landfill.

Determine wind, rainfall, evaporation and other conditions which will affect the
movement of windblown litter, dust, odor, and landfill gases.Task 2 -Environmental Analysis. Assess the environmental issues of the proposed landfill,
including the access road and its use, on the site and surrounding environment.
Include assessment of traffic, noise, dust, odor, leachate, wastewater discharge,
and landfill gas impacts on the environment. Include assessment of the creation of
jobs or the payment of a host fee on the economics of the area. Include aesthetic,
historical, and cultural impacts, as appropriate. The environmental analysis shall
be conducted in parallel with the detailed engineering design, in an iterative and
interactive manner so that the design eventually incorporates mitigative measures
and results in the most cost-effective sanitary landfill for local conditions. The
EA will be prepared following the World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, dated
October 3, 1991, and Operational Directive 4.00, Annex A, dated October 31, 1989,
or other related directives of local government and whatever funding agencies might
be involved in project implementation. Government of [] legislation or/and
regulations on the topics of landfilling have not yet been fully prepared.
However, the EA will be prepared with consideration of the general EIA approach
from the national ministry dealing with environmental protection. This TOR shall
have been reviewed with this ministry prior to contact signing.The study shall
cover an area of a radius of 1,000 meters from the boundary of the proposed
landfill location for purposes of aesthetic, terrestrial, and atmospheric pollution
issues. The study shall cover the watershed and aquifer areas from the landfill to
any downgradient receiving waters (shallow and deep groundwaters, as well as fresh
and/or saltwater surface waters). Furthermore, the study shall include the
receiving waters of the outfall from the wastewater treatment plant in which
leachate shall be treated. The study area will include the route of direct waste
haul and transfer from [] to the landfill (i.e., across existing or planned roads)
as well as the potential impact in neighboring communities, including farms.The
assessment will include, but not be limited to, the following activities: Soil and
geological surveyHydrogeological surveyEstimation of leachate quantify and quality
Estimation of landfill gas quantify and qualityTraffic assessmentSocio-economic
surveyAssessment of the environmental impactsDevelopment of mitigative measures for
inclusion in the final design of the sanitary landfill's construction and operation
Task 1 -- Description of the Proposed Project. Describe the project, using
information from any studies on siting, site confirmation, preliminary design, and
environmental audit conducted earlier. The description shall include:
Infrastructure of service area: briefly describe the service area (number of
inhabitants, residential areas, land use, including previous use over the last 2050 years, industrial areas, transfer stations); determine the distance and direct
haul routes and transfer routes from various waste centers to the sanitary
landfill, including any new access roads that may need to be built. Surrounding
environment of landfill location: determine and describe the demographic setting of
the landfill location; describe the surrounding topography and land use
characteristics and proximity to residential neighborhoods from the proposed
landfill, including past land use patterns, whether agriculture, forestry, in the
case of a military site specifically how sit was used over past 50 years and impact
of that use; determine and describe the overall direction of groundwater flow,
drinking water recharge areas downstream of the location, and receiving waters into
which groundwater and leachate treatment plant discharge; meteorological data
regarding wind directions, precipitation and net infiltration.Facts about the
landfill development: layouts, cross-sections, and construction details for the
landfill, including all receiving facilities, landfill cell construction details,
leachate and landfill gas collection and management facilities, mitigative
measures, monitoring systems, and final closure plans; construction and operation
schedules, including scheduling of site preparation, cell construction, interim
road development of each phase of landfill development.a description of the
responsible parties, including organization structure and staffing for the landfill
development; confirmation and consultation program with affected peoples in area;
operational plans for waste types and quantities which might be allowed to be

received; including special handling requirements for yard wastes, bulky wastes
(tires, appliances, mattresses, etc.), construction/demolition debris, dewatered
wastewater treatment plant sludges, batteries, and selected medical wastes;
operation plans for handling of waste types and quantities which are not expected
to be allowed to be received; including hazardous industrial wastes, untreated
septic tank or cesspit contents, and surgical wastes; health and safety plans; final
closure procedures; and monitoring plans (short- and long-term).Task 2 -Description of the Environment. The environment shall be described through
assembly, evaluation and presentation of baseline data on the following: Physical
environment: nature of surrounding environment (including homes, farms, forest
areas, industry, small business enterprises and other establishments) and proximity
to these; description of the existing topography and the proposed and areas which
will be affected by any aesthetic impact; traffic conditions along the major haul
routes between the waste centers and the proposed landfill at present and after
implementation
of the proposed landfill. The existing traffic conditions must be based on field
survey; and proposed traffic patters should be examine as well; determination of the
geology of the area through a geological description of borings, soils samples, and
geophysical surveys, as well as review of available literature and existing well
logs on record for the region; determination of all groundwater recharge areas and
use of groundwater downgradient from the landfill; condition and present and planned
use of the receiving water and standards for discharge to the receiving water;
determination of meteorological data (net infiltration, temperature variations and
prevailing wind directions).Biological environment: survey all major terrestrial
flora and fauna on the landfill site; collect any information on sensitive habitats
in the area and any rare, endangered or commercially important species; identify any
nearby protected areas; delineate on-site wetlands by soils and plants.Sociocultural environment: identify any populations which may need to be resettled or
compensated for losses in order to enable landfill development, including the use
and compensation value of the properties which they own or inhabit; describe the
sensitivity and difficulties of resettlement; describe any waste picking communities
which may have livelihood disruption from closure of existing disposal sites due to
implementation of the new landfill; describe the needs and difficulties of
developing alternative livelihood; describe past and present use of the location and
surrounding land and any historical, religious or cultural significance of the
area; determine the demographic character of the surrounding neighborhoods and the
sensitivity of the public to the proposed landfill, including perception to
increased traffic, noise, dust, odor, and aesthetic appearance; other planned
development activities on the location and in the nearby surroundings.Task 3 -Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. The national and local legislation and
guidelines on landfilling of waste are to be described and the authorities
responsible for monitoring of construction and the environment are to be noted.
Any standards to be met for discharge from leachate treatment plants must be
included. Outline the steps for obtaining all necessary environmental permits.
Discuss the need for any legislation to be prepared in order to ensure that the
proposed environmental standards will be fulfilled.Discuss needs for education,
inspection and enforcement to comply with existing and proposed legislation and any
other requirements needed to ensure fulfillment of the proposed environment
monitoring at national and local level.Task 4 -- Determination of Potential Impacts
of the Proposed Project. Identify and describe all potential major environmental
impacts from the landfill development which will be significant over the long-term.
Describe as a minimum the environmental consequences from: leachate emanating to
surroundings through leakage in the proposed liner system; including estimates of
quantity and quality of a potential leachate leakage and the consequences to
groundwater and receiving surface water by using the information obtained under
Task 3; impact to neighborhoods along direct haul routes from increased traffic
(primarily noise, dust, litter, odor, and vibrations), and including economic
development due to improvements in roadways and trade from refuse haulage
personnel; estimate impacts to surrounding neighborhoods near the landfill from

noise, odor, gaseous emissions, dust, air-borne pathogenic micro-organisms, and

wind blown litter potentially related to landfill construction and operation;
creation of direct and secondary jobs related to landfill development; closure of
the existing open dump disposal site.Task 5 -- Analysis of Alternatives to the
Proposed Project. Describe alternatives that were examined in the course of
screening sites and conducting preliminary design and assessment of the proposed
landfill. Describe alternative designs for construction and operation which were
examined, including liner solutions (no liner, clay liner, synthetic liner and
composite liner systems); alternative gas venting, flaring and utilization systems;
operation alternatives (cell development vs. open face development, optimizing of
methanogenisis vs. no special operation techniques); leachate treatment methods
(recycling vs. non-recycling and treatment in an existing municipal waste water
treatment plant vs. on-site treatment); and alternative haul routes. Include the
"no action" alternative of the sanitary landfill not being constructed, but
continuing with the existing disposal site as it is currently being operated.
Discuss potential for waste minimization.Compare the alternatives in terms of
potential environmental impact (which are irreversible, unavoidable and which can
be mitigated); capital and operation costs; sustainability under local conditions;
and institutional, training and monitoring requirements. To the extent possible,
quantify costs and benefits of each alternative.Task 6 -- Development of Management
Plan to Mitigate Negative Impacts. Recommended feasible and cost-effective
measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels.
Indicate the impacts and costs of those measures, and of the institutional and
training requirements to implement them. Consider compensation to affected parties
for impacts which cannot be mitigated (e.g., re-housing of residents within a
distance of approximately 250 meters from the proximity of the proposed landfill).
Prepare management plan (including budget estimate, staffing requirements and other
necessary support) to implement the mitigating measures.Task 7 -- Identification of
Institutional Needs to Implement Environmental Assessment Recommendations. Review
the institutional capacity to implement, manage and monitor (in the short term as
well as in the long-term) the proposed sanitary landfill. Recommend, if necessary,
institutional strengthening at all levels.Task 8 -- Development of Monitoring
Plans. Set up a monitoring plan for the proposed landfill. The monitoring plan
shall comprise the following: leachate quality and quantity before and after
treatment; groundwater quality and level upgradient and downgradient from the
landfill; landfill gas quality on-site and off-site; water quality upgradient and
downgradient from the discharge point from the leachate treatment plant; compost
production and final compost quality; construction materials and works (liner
quality and integrity, drainage sand and gravel quality, pipes and joints, concrete
quality, etc.)The monitoring plan shall make every effort to outline monitoring
procedures and indicator parameters which are uncomplicated and inexpensive to
conduct and easy to evaluate.Task 9 -- Assist in Inter-Agency Coordination and
Public Participation. Prepare together with the [] ministry involved with
environmental protection and local governments a meeting to which all relevant
ministries and departments in [] local government are invited. Coordinate with
social scientists which are hired under separate terms of reference to conduct
local consultation and develop resettlement and compensation action plans. At this
public participation meeting, present