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Rizal blasted the historical heresies of the Spanish writers who claimed that the
early Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality.
THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY
a. In this article, Rizal predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spains
sovereignty in Asia.
b. Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the sovereign country, all
eventually become independent
THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
a. It is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos.
b. Rizal made a critical study of the causes why his people did not work hard during the
Spanish regime.
c. His main thesis: Filipinos are not by nature indolent
d. The Spanish conquest of the country brought about a decline in economic activities
because the Filipinos had abandoned their pre-Spanish industries and worked less than
their ancestors
e. Such decline in economic life was due to certain causes:
i. Native revolts and other internal disorders which followed the establishment of
Spanish rule
ii. The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spains enemies
iii. The frightful raids on the coastal towns and village of Christian Philippines by
the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
iv. The forced labor which compelled thousands of Filipino laborers to work in
public works resulting in the abandonment of their personal works
v. Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy the fruits
of their labor
vi. Government neglect and indifference to agriculture, industry, and commerce
vii. The bad example shown by the Spaniards in despising manual labor
viii. The teaching of Spanish missionaries that it is easier for a poor man to enter
heaven than for a rich man, hence the Filipinos prefer not to work and be poor
so that they could easily enter heaven after they die
ix. Encouragement and propagation of gambling by the Spanish authorities
x. System of Spanish education did not promote economic enterprise and activity
f. Filipinos are easy going and do not work so hard because they are wise enough to
adjust themselves to their warm, tropical climate.
i. They do not have to kill themselves working hard in order to live because
nature gives them abundant harvests by working less than those in temperate
and arid countries.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGISTS
a. The aim of the association is to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical
point of view
b. Their inaugural convention did not materialize because the French government
discouraged the holding of conferences by private organizations during the period of
the international exposition.
PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG
a. This College aims to train and educate men of good family and financial means in
accordance with the demands of modern times and circumstances
b. A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr. Mariano Cunanan, from Mexico, Pampanga,
promised to help him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.
c. This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in Hong Kong did not materialize
POR TELEFONO
a. This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of Dimas Alang is a witty satire which
ridicules Fr. Font.
i. It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation between Fr. Font who was
in Madrid and the father provincial of the San Agustin Convent in Manila.
b. Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry on overseas
telephonic conversations --- 12 years after the publication of Rizals Por Telefono.