Works Cited

Primary Sources
Allied Control Council. 1945. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January 2016.
This photograph from 1945 was used as a way to illustrate the conditions in the mid
1900s and allows us to understand more about what was happening in that time period.
This photograph is actually from the time period and was found on the official NATO
website, allowing us to trust in its credibility. This photo shows us a snapshot of what
was happening just before NATO began and the conditions that NATO eventually had to
face.
Ballard, Francis. Personal Interview. 19 January 2016.
Francis Ballard was part of NATOs military force and allowed us to have a better
understanding of the purpose of NATO and its military. His first hand experience leads
us to believe that what he says is credible and was a well informed source of information
when it comes to how NATO functions. Understanding his experiences in NATO
allowed us to give a much better explanation of activities NATO is associated with.
Churchill, Winston. The Sinews of Peace. Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. 5 March
1946. Speech.
Winston Churchills speech about the Iron Curtain definitely gave us a different
viewpoint from that time period and gave us a better understanding of how situations like
the spread of communism were dealt with at the time. Churchill has first hand experience
with dealing with the Soviet Union which has informed us of the problems that NATO
had encountered during these times.

End of Berlin blockade. May 1949. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January 2016.

This photograph captures the feelings of the people experiencing the Berlin blockade
which was another difficult situation in which NATO worked towards countering. This
photo was taken during the time the blockade was ending which allows for an accurate
representation of what was happening at the time.
Japan Surrenders. 1945. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January 2016.
The feelings visible through this photograph give us an interesting perspective of the
surrender of Japan. Because this photo was taken during the time period in which people
found out about Japans surrender, it allows us to truly understand the feelings going
through those involved with this war.
Kratzke, William. Planes Strike The Twin Towers. Photograph. New York Guides. N.p. N.d.
Web. 19 January 2016.
The dramatic and somber mood captured in this photograph exhibits a first-hand view of
the struggle and tragedy of this day in history. This was also the day that NATO was
forced to invoke Article 5 of their treaty, making this a memorable day for NATO as
well.
Lugar, Richard. Council of Foreign Regulations, Washington, D.C., Maryland. 4 March 2002.
Prepared Remarks.
These remarks by the U.S. Senator at the time shows us his opinions on what NATO is
and could be for the world. He gives sufficient reasoning for why he believes that NATO
could be an asset for the world.
Meeting between NATO Secretary General and the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Finland and
Sweden. Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p. 1 December 2015. Web.
18 January 2016.

Not only does this photograph show communication within NATO, it allows us to
understand that the members of NATO are able to build good relationships through the
organization. This photograph was taken at the actual meeting and accurately portrays a
discussion between members of NATO.
Meeting of the NATO-Ukraine Council. Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p.
2 December 2015. Web. 18 January 2016.
This photograph gives a more personal first-hand view of communications within NATO
and shows us how members of NATO interact with each other. It comes from the real
meeting within NATO and shows the members encountering each other.
NATO. A dangerous world reminds people why NATO is still important. Online video clip.
YouTube. YouTube, 23 December 2015. Web. 18 January 2016.
The way this video created by NATO presented information greatly illustrates the
dangers the world faces that NATO works to prevent. It provides considerable evidence
that NATO remains necessary for the world today in order to work against problems like
terrorism. It sticks to facts about the world today and conveys the message that the world
still needs NATO.
NATO Conference on Terminology Management. Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization. N.p. 20 November 2015. Web. 18 January 2016.
Because this photograph was taken from the perspective of an audience member, it
provides a different view of how NATO exchanges information with others. It shows the
first hand experience of someone involved in a meeting with NATO.
NATOs defensive strategy. October 1958. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January
2016.

Unlike the photographs of NATO in meetings, this photograph allows us to see the
military side of NATO. It portrays a different story, one where NATO was forced to
deploy their military and provides us with a better view of those times.
NATO Secretary General attends European Foreign Affairs Council. Photograph. North
Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p. 17 November 2015. Web. 18 January 2016.
This photograph allows us to see NATO communicating with the media, exchanging
more information outside of NATO. It also shows us the Secretary General of NATO as
he goes to attend to a meeting with other NATO members.
NATO Secretary General meets with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p. 17 November 2015. Web. 18
January 2016.
By seeing NATO members dining with others for a meeting provides us with a more
personal view of how NATO exchanges information with other people. We gained
another perspective of NATOs communications with others.
North Atlantic Treaty. 4 April 1949, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, accessed 19
January 2016, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm
The North Atlantic Treaty which essentially began NATO is an official government
document that explains the purpose behind NATO and what kind of actions it takes. It
gave us a much better understanding of what NATO truly is and how it functions as an
organization.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO. N.d. Web. 19 January 2016.
The official NATO website provided us with many pictures and articles to fully

understand what NATO is currently and what NATO did in the past. It provided accurate
information about NATO to learn from and allowed us to easily compare the current
conditions of NATO and what it did in the past.
Paris agreements. October 1954. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January 2016.
By using this photograph, we were able to view members of NATO working together
decades ago a few years after they first began. It gives us a perspective of NATO from
the past and shows us parts of what NATO works towards.
Truman, Harry. Departmental Auditorium, Washington D.C., Maryland. 4 April 1949. Address.
Hearing and understanding Trumans view of the North Atlantic Treaty gives us a special
perspective on the intentions of NATO. It shows Trumans faith in NATO and shows us
how NATO was viewed when it was first beginning.
Signature of Agreement on Status of International Military Headquarters in Romania.
Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p. 2 December 2015. Web. 18
January 2016.
Seeing this photo allows us to see how the officials of NATO interact with each other
when working together on an agreement. It gives a peaceful view on how meetings
between members of NATO generally are and shows the relationships made through
NATO.
Signature of Washington. 4 April 1949. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January
2016.
This photo comes from when the North Atlantic Treaty was actually signed and it allows
us to view how understand how serious it was to sign this treaty. Not only are we able to
see the document about to be signed, but we can see the audience watching it be signed,

giving an interesting perspective on the signing of this treaty.

Stoltenberg, Jens. NATO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium. 18 January 2016. Comment.
This comment highlights the hopes of NATO thoroughly spreading throughout its own
countries and gives us the perspective of NATOs Secretary General. It shows that
NATO also views that it needs to continue being relevant in its member countries.
The Join Fires live firing exercise. Photograph. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. N.p. 26
November 2015. Web. 18 January 2016.
The situation in this photograph gives us another interesting view of NATOs military. It
shows its military going through exercises with each other rather than fighting and shows
the unity between the members of NATO.
The nine powers. 1954. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Web. 18 January 2016.
In the photograph it shows some of the member countries of NATO in the middle of
discussing matters.
Secondary Sources
50th Anniversary of the North Atlantic Treaty. Harry Truman Library and Museum.
National Archives and Records Administration. N.d. Web. 19 January 2016.
This information talks about the beginning of NATO. It also states the twelve original
signatories of the North Atlantic Treaty. This is a secondary source because the way the
information was given, it was explaining NATO from a second point view.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949. U.S. Department of State Office of
the Historian. The Office of the Historian. N.d. Web. 19 January 2016.

This website offered more information about the situations facing numerous countries
which also involves NATO. This source is secondary because it was from a point of view
of historians.
"Operations and Missions: Past and Present." North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
NATO, 17 Nov. 2015. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
The information gathered from this article is mainly emphasizing one of NATOs beliefs
that NATO is committed to peaceful resolutions of disputes found in Article 1 of the
North Atlantic Treaty. It is told in a second point of view.
Raz, Guy. "Examining NATO's Past, Present And Future." NPR. NPR, 20 May 2012.
Web. 31 Dec. 2015
An overview with arguments involving NATOs relevance since its main purpose for
existing has already been served. It also has a collection of the recorded voices of NATO
leaders. It is a secondary source because of the second point of view.
Vandiver, John. "NATO Ministers Set to Give Military Chief Power to Act More
Quickly." Military.com. Stars and Stripes, 24 June 2015. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
An article written by John Vandiver, it talks about NATOs actions in military and how
NATO makes decisions by consulting other countries. This helped with the discussion of
encounter and exchange of NATO. Since it is not written by NATO it is a secondary
source.
Vandiver, John. Politics of Deployment Pose Challenge for NATOs New Spearhead
Force.Military.com. Star and Stripes, 2 July 2015. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
An article written by John Vandiver, it mainly covers an example of how NATOs
military operates. This shows how important cooperation and an open mind to ideas are

to NATO. It is a secondary source because it is someone talking about NATO.