nstructions

Analog input and output values of the expansion modules EM 231, EM 232 and EM 235, as well as of CPU 224XP are
displayed digitally in the INTEGER data word format. It is necessary to make conversions to ensure correct interpretation
and processing. These conversions are explained using the download attached. The download contains both the "Scale"
library with conversion functions and the sample program "Tip038" for better understanding.
1. Scaling
The following diagrams show how the input and output values are scaled.
The terms "unipolar", "bipolar" and "20% offset" are explained here. These are important for, among others, the STEP 7
Micro/Win - Instruction Wizard PID (Tools > Instruction Wizard > PID Controller).
Unipolar scaling is done only in the positive or negative value range (Fig. 01 shows an example for an analog input value of
between 0 and 32000).

Fig. 01
In the case of unipolar scaling with a 20% offset, the lower limit of the value range is 20% of the upper limit (Fig. 02 shows
an example for an analog input value of between 6400 and 32000).

Fig. 02
Bipolar scaling is done in the positive and negative value range (Fig. 03 shows an example for an analog input value of
between -32000 and 32000).

Fig. 03
The following table explains the abbreviations used:

Parameter

Description

Ov

Scaled output value (Output value)

Iv

Analog input value (Input value)

Osh

Upper scale limit for the scaled output value (Output scale high)

Osl

Lower scale limit for the scaled output value (Output scale low)

Ish

Upper scale limit for the scaled input value (Input scale high)

Isl
Lower scale limit for the scaled input value (Input scale low)
Table 01
2. Formula
The following formula is derived from the diagram for calculating the scaled value:
Ov = (Osh - Osl) / (Ish - Isl) * (Iv - Isl) + Osl
3. Library
3.1 Description of the "Scale" library
The "scale.mwl" library contains the function blocks for converting the scaling from data type INTEGER to REAL (S_ITR),
from REAL to REAL (S_RTR) and from REAL to INTEGER (S_RTI).

Fig. 04
3.2 Scaling the analog input in the output data format REAL (S_ITR)
The S_ITR function permits you to convert the analog input signal into a normalized value between 0.0 and 1.0 (type REAL).

Fig. 05
3.3 Scaling change to the data type format REAL (S_RTR)
The S_RTR function permits you to convert value ranges within the REAL format (e.g., convert the input value between 0.0
and 1.0 to the output range in percent).

Fig. 06
3.4 Converting to the analog output scaling format INTEGER (S_RTI)
The S_RTI function converts a REAL number to the analog output data type INTEGER.

Fig. 07
4. Sample program
4.1 Description of the sample program "Tip038"
There is a liquid in a closed container.
The differential pressure measuring transducer provides a current (4 - 20 mA) at the input of the analog input module. The
current is proportional to the fill level in the container.
The analog module EM 235 must be calibrated so that the analog value of 20 mA is converted into the digital value of 32000
at a fill level of 10 m. At a fill level of 0 m the analog value of 4 mA is converted into the value 6400. The program scales the
converted digital values as height in meters.
The voltage for the fill level indicator must be produced via the analog output module. This voltage is generated by writing
the corresponding digital value to the analog output word (AQW).
The analog output module transfers the fill level height (between 0 m and 10 m) to a measuring instrument in the form of a
voltage of between 0 V and 10 V. The analog display of the measuring instrument reacts to the voltage with needle
deflection proportional to the fill level.
The formula scales every value between a maximum and minimum scaling value. This program receives the analog input
value (AIW) and scales it for the analog output module. First the program reads the AIW, a value between 4 mA and 20 mA
(6400 and 32000), and scales the value to a normalized value between 0.0 and 1.0 (see Fig. 05). This value is then scaled
for the ranges of 0.0 to 100.0 (see Fig. 06) and 0 to 32000 (see Fig. 07).

4.2 The STEP 7 Micro/WIN library as zip file

Copy the "scale.zip" file to a separate directory and extract the file. You can then integrate the "scale.mwl" library and the
sample program "Tip038_D.mwp", which can be used in version 4.0.7.10 and higher of STEP 7 Micro/WIN, into your S7-200
project. The "scale.zip" file contains the library "scale.mwl" and the sample program in German ("Tip038_D.mwp") and in
English ("Tip038_E.mwp").