German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation

Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Documentul de Referinta asupra Celor Mai Bune Tehnici

Disponibile
pentru Cresterea Intensiva a Porcilor si Pasarilor
Cresterea pasarilor – productia de pasari

Franziska Eichler
Umweltbundesamt
Fachgebiet „Nachhaltige Energie-
versorgung“
Wörlitzer Platz 1
06846 Dessau
franziska.eichler@uba.de

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 1
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Metodele de productie si tehnicile

Pasarile
• Productia de oua
– Sistemele de cotete
– Sistemele de crestere fara cotete
• Productia puilor de ingrasat Cresterea curcilor
Cresterea ratelor
• Epurarea aerului uzat Cresterea bibilicilor
Crearea climei in adapost
(Temperatura si aerisirea)

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 2
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Economia productiei de pasari

¾Compunerea costurilor
• Pui
• Costul furajelor
• Costurile cu medicul veterinar
• Costurile de manopera
• Costurile cu energia
• Intretinerea
• Amortizarea (Investitiile) pentru cladire

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 3
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Emisiile de amoniac - Pasarile

Emisiile totale BRD

Alte surse Cresterea animalelor Ingrasaminte minerale

Vite 45,7
Grajd 6,9 % Depozitare 8,2 % Imprastiere 16,9 %
Pe camp 13,7%
Porci 25,7
Grajd 6,4 % Depozitare 6,9 % Imprastiere 12,3 %

Pasari 9,9%
Grajd 3,4 % Depozitare 2,8 % Imprastiere 3,7 %

Alte animale 1,6%

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 4
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Metode de referinta
Cresterea in cotete
in baterii pentru
ouatoare cu
groapa pentru
dejectii

Acoperis deschis

Aer de ventilare
Supape de
ventilare

suflanta Supapa de
reglare a aerului

beton

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 5
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Dreptul UE Gainilor ouatoare

• Directiva 1999/74/EG Cerintele minime pentru protectia
ouatoarelor.
• Permite Statelor Membre sa introduca pe teritoriul lor
norme mai stricte pentru protectia animalelor.
• Cerinte minime pentru cresterea gainilor ouatoare:
– cotete imbunatatite: cel putin 750 cm2 suprafata pro animal.
– cotete neimbunatatite: 550 cm2 suprafata de cotet pro animal
(va expira pana in 2012).
– Sisteme fara cotete cu cuibare (cel putin un cuib la sapte
gaini) si bare adecvate pentru asezare, densitatea gainilor ne
avand voie sa depaseasca noua gaini ouatoare pro m²
suprafata utila.
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 6
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cresterea in cotete cu banda pentru dejectii solide

si aerisirea benzii de preluare a dejectiilor

Emisiile
Consumul de resurse

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
costuri in
Reducerea Ga En practice
Mi Pu z Me ap Germania
NH³ ro lbe ta er a
s ri ila n g ie
in % an ri
t

Petnru constructii
60 + 0 0 + + - + 0 noi

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 7
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cresterea in cotete cu aerisire

Suplimentar uscarii pe
Banda pentru dejectii
Au fost atasate aici si niste foi

Emisii
Consumul resurselor

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
costuri in
Reducerea Ga En practice
m pu z me ap Germania
NH³ iro lbe tan er a
s ri ila g ie
in % an ri
t

Pentruu constructii
40 + 0 0 + 0 - + 0 noi si existente

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 8
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cresterea in cotete cu banda pentru

dejectii si tunel de uscare
Metoda
corespunde
celorlalate
metode cu
banda pentru
dejectii, aici
Emisiile
Consumul resurselor
suplimentar si
uscarea
Compatibilitatea
Experiente
costuri in
Reducerea Ga En practice
m pu z me ap Germania
NH³ iro lbe tan er a
s ri ila g ie
in % an ri
t

Doar pentru
70 + 0 0 + + - + 0 constructii noi

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 9
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cotete imbunatatite
Momentn se afla in
faza de dezvoltare
Exista putine
informatii

Imagine din intreprinderea

Big Dutchmann Singura alternativa la cresterea traditionala in cotete,
Pentru cine doreste sa ramana la cotete!

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 10
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Metoda cu strat gros absorbant cu

uscare cu ventilare Sistem cu viitor in
NL deja peste 20 %
din ouatoare
sunt tinute asa

Emisii
Consumul resurselor

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
costuri in
Reducerea Ga En practice
m pu z me ap Germania
NH³ iro lbe tan er a
s ri ila g ie
in % an ri
t

Constructii noi si
60 + 0 0 + + - + 0 vechi

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 11
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cresterea in voliere
Dezavantaj:
Pulberile din aer

Emisii
Consumul resurselor

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
Ga costurile in
Reducerea m pu zu En practice
iro lbe me ap Germania
NH³ l tan er
su rile ila g ie a
in % l an i r
t

Doar pentru
Werksfoto
71 Big +Dutchmann
+ 0 + ++ - + 0 constructii noi

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 12
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT pentru gainile ouatoare

cotet
BAT ist:

• Cresterea in cotete cu cel putin 2 x evacuari ale gainatului pro saptamana

(este posibil si uscarea suplimentara prin duze sau tunel)
Problema: costurile, consumul energetic

• BAT conditionat (pentru regiuni cu clima mediteraneana sunt proceduri cu

groapa pentru gainat

Problema: altfel emisii ridicate de NH3

• Cotete imbunatatite – prea putine date

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 13
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT pentru gainile ouatoare “fara

cotet”
BAT este:

• Metoda cu strat gros de absorbant cu uscare prin ventilare

(suplimentar este posibila si podeaua perforata)

• Sistemul de voliere

Problema: continut ridicat de pulberi, consum energetic

pentru uscare

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 14
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Cresterea puilor de carne – Metoda

de referinta
Puii de carne sunt tinuti pe podea complet
acoperita cu asternut absorbant
• Asternutul umed trebuie evitat
Sistem de adapare
Durata perioadei de sacrificare
Densitatea in adapost
Izolarea podelei adapostului
Foto ferma Big Dutchmann
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 15
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Podea perforata – Uscare prin

ventilare

Emisiile Ressourcen
verbrauch

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
Costurile in
Reducerea Mi Pu Ga En practice
lbe z Me Ap Germania
NH³ ro tan er
su rile ila g ie a
in % l an ri
t

Doar pentru
83 + 0 0 + ++ - + 0 constructii noi
Werksfotos Big Dutchmann
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 16
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Metoda combinata – Recuperarea

caldurii
1 Pompa pentru agent termic
2 Conduca de intrare si iesire a
schimbatorului de
caldura
3 Izolatia BAT conditionat
4 Conducte/Benzi
5 Beton
6 Rumegus/strat absorbant
7 Conducte de intrare si iesire
ale schimbatorului de caldura
de sub podea
8 Schimbator de caldura pe sub
podea

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 17
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Adapost etajat cu pereti mobili ai

cotetelor si uscare prin ventilare
BAT pentru
instalatiile existente
(prea scump)

Emisiile
Consumul resurselor

Compatibilitatea
Experiente
Costuri in
Reducerea Ga En practice
Mi Pu z Me Ap Germania
NH³ ro lbe tan er
s ri ila g ie a
in % an ri
t

Doar pentru
94 + + 0 + ++ - + 0 constructii noi

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 18
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT pentru cresterea puilor de

carne
BAT pentru instalatiile existente:

• Podele perforate cu uscarea prin ventilare

• Procedeu in etaje cu uscare prin ventilare
• Procedeu cu cotete etajate
Problema: costurile

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 19
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT pentru cresterea puilor de

carne
BAT este:

• Aerisirea libera si podea cu asternut (cresterea pe

podea)
• Podea cu aerisire fortata si asternut

BAT conditionat:
• Metoda combinata, de asemenea si metoda cu
consum redus de energie (depind de sol si nu sunt
suficient de testate)
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 20
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Valorificarea azotului la Pasari

Rasa de Primire Procesare Eliminare Valorificar
animal [g] [g] [g] e [% ]
Gaini ouatoare 1120 370 750 33

Pui de carne 105 53 (27) 52 50 (26)

Curcani de 1460 660 (350) 800 45 (24)

sacrificare
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 21
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT Azotul din furaj

Reducerea continutului proteic din hrana cu un procent duce la o reducere
a N de 10%

Reducerea continutului RP in hrana puilor de carne cu 2 procente reduce

Rasa de animal emisiile de NH3 cu 24 % Fazele RP in %
Gaini ouatoare 18 – 40 15,5 – 16,5
saptamani
> 40 saptamani 14,5 – 15,5
Pui de carne Starter 20,0 – 22,0
Faza I 19,0 – 21,0
Faza II 18,0 – 20,0
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 22
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT Fosfatul din furaj

Rasa de animal Fazele RP in %

Gainile ouatoare 18 – 40 sapt. 0,45 – 0,55
> 40 sapt. 0,41 – 0,51
Puii de carne Starter 0,65 – 0,75
Faza I 0,60 – 0,70
Faza II 0,57 – 0,67

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 23
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Energia BAT
• Izolarea cladirii
• Optimizarea sistemului de aerisire
• Prevenirea rezistentelor in sistemul de aerisire
(inspectia si curatarea puturilor si ventilatoarelor)
• Utilizara lampilor cu consum redus de energie

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 24
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

BAT Apa
Accesul permanent la apa este obligatoriu!
Posibilitatile de economisire = Optimizarea:
- Curatirea cu dispozitiv de curatire la presiune inalta
- Reglarea perioridica a dispozitivului de umezire a
sistemului de ventilare
- Inregistrarea consumului de apa prin masurare
- Recunoasterea si reparatia scurgerilor

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 25
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Depozitarea ingrasamintelor
agricole
Cerintele minime in Directiva nitratilor +
• Capacitati suficiente pentru depozitare (in functie
de clima)
• Hala cu acoperis etansat la o ventilare suficienta
• Daca este necesar un depozit intermediar, atunci se
va amplasa doar la o distanta corespunzatoare de
vecinatate si bunuri protejate
Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE
Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 26
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Imprastierea ingrasamintelor
agricole
Continut ridicat de azot, de aceea distribuirea
omogena si dozarea exacta
– Imprastietor de ingrasaminte cu aruncarea in spate
– Integrarea pe cat posibila (in terenul arat), intr-un
interval de 12 ore

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 27
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Pareri divergente

2 State Membre sunt de parare ca este BAT si

integrarea dupa 24 ore (argumentul ca urmare a
costurilor si logisticii)

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 28
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Masurile la final de proces

1. Bio-scrubar
Pe corpul de umplere se
formeaza un biofilm care
absoarbe amoniac, care apoi
este distrus de
microorganisme. Apa
circulata mentine umezeala
in biofiltru si furnizeaza
agenti nutritivi pentru
microorganisme

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 29
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Bio-scrubar
• Dezavantaje
– Consum de apa proaspata
– Capacitate de depozitare, costuri de intretinere
- Capacitate redusa tampon in cazul incarcarilor
- Probleme posibile la eliminarea amoniacului in faza de incepere (nici o reglare a pH)

• Avantaje
– Se regleaza si coordoneaza usor
– Nu se utilizeaza acizi
– Necesita spatiu redus
– Constructie modulara

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 30
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Masuri la final de proces

Instalatii combinate

Lichid de curatare cu
continut de acid este pompat
si absoarbe la contact
amoniacul, astfel incat aerul
curat sa iasa din filtru,
deseori se utilieaza acid
sulfuric diluat (si acid
clorhidric este posibil)

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 31
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Instalatii combinate
• Dezavantaje
– Inundarea neomogena a peretilor mari de filtrare
¾ Numarul, dispunerea si reglarea ventilatoarelor
¾ Distanta fata de peretele de filtrare

• Avantaje
– Capacitati foarte bune de curatare
– Capacitate mare de stocare in cazul variatiilor de incarcare
– Cantitate moderata de apa rezultata
– Pierdere moderata de presiune
– Consum moderat de acid prin spalari partial cu formare biologica de acid (nitrificarea)

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 32
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Viitorul epurarii aerului uzat

• Importanta epurarii aerului uzat va creste in continuare

– Standard pe termen mediu la crescatoriile mari de porcine
– Introducerea la crescatoriile de pasari
• Certificarea tehnicii si un jurnal electronic al intreprinderii

• Nu se cunosc procedee alternative (aditivi, metode de

oxidare, printre altele)

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 33
 German-Romanian bilateral Co-operation
Sector Environment - Presentation and Discussion of BREFs

Joint Workshop BMU – MEWM Franziska Eichler, STE

Presentation and Discussion of the BREF on German Federal Environment Agency
Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs Bucharest - Dessau, 16. - 20. April 2007 34