1 .

0 I n t r o d u c t i o n Meaning of Open Source Software (OSS)

Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which thesource code and
certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software
license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is inthe public domain. This permits
users to use, change, and improve the software, andto redistribute it in modified or
unmodified forms.
Meaning of Hardware
A computer's hardware consists of the physical components necessary tooperate and interact
with a computer. Since a computer's primary language is binary,devices are necessary to
convert our input into that language. The binary code comingout of the computer must also
be translated into something usable for the operator.
Meaning of Software
Software is often divided into two categories:
1.System software:
Includes the operating system and all the utilities thatenables the computer to function.
2.Application software
: I n c l u d e s p r o g r a m s t h a t d o r e a l w o r k f o r
u s e r s . For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database managementsystems
fall under the category of applications software.
2.0The Latest Open Source Operating System
(OS)2 . 1 M e a n i n g o f O p e n S o u r c e O S
Open Source Operating System is the most important program that runs ona computer that is
free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute itin modified or unmodified
forms. Every general-purpose computer must have anoperating system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, suchas recognizing input from the keyboard, sending
output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices suchas disk drives and printers.
2.2Examples of Open Source OS
Kubuntu Linux
A user friendly operating system based on KDE, the K Desktop Environment.With a
predictable 6 month release cycle and part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu isthe GNU/Linux
distribution for everyone. Improved desktop, updated applicationsand increased usability
features are just a few of the surprises with this latest release.
Fedora Linux
A Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and opensource software.
Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people across the
globe who work together as a community: the FedoraProject. The Fedora Project is open and
anyone is welcomed to join.
3.0The Latest Open Source Application Software3.1Meaning
of Open Source Application Softw are
Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user programs) includesdatabase
programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, andimprove the
software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.
3.2Examples of Open Source Application Software
Open Office
An office application set (for word processing, spreadsheet manipulation, picture drawing
and data base access) compatible with all other major officeapplication sets such as Office
and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linuxand other UNIX systems.
Squirrel Mail

An email application (for reading and writing email through a web client program)
supporting IMAP and SMTP and available for Windows and Mac as well asLinux and other
UNIX systems.
4.0The Latest Development in ICT4 . 1 H a r d w a r e ( L e x m a r k X 8 3 5 0 a n d
Lexmark X9575 Professional)
Lexmark X8350
is a printer that can prints up to 19 ppm colour and up to 25 ppm black. This printer also can
print, copy, scan, fax, reduce and enlarge photos anddocuments. The exclusive Lexmark
Photo Editor Software enhances photos. Besidethat, this printer also can fax with 89 speed
dials and 10 groups with 30 numbers per group, 5 quick dial buttons, Caller ID and
distinctive ring detection. Users also canadjust ringer volume, call waiting disable capability,
automatic redial, confirmation,error and activity reports, broadcast transmission and delayed
transmission, junk fax block, auto Answer Button and scan before dial. Fax forwarding &
print, BVRP HostFax Solution, Print-to-Fax via Lexmark N4000e or N4050e print server
with sendonly. The printer can support Compact Flash Type I & II, Memory Stick,
MemoryStick Pro, Memory Stick Duo with adapter, Microdrive, Multi Media, Secure
Digital,Mini Secure Digital (Mini SD), SmartMedia and XD cards.
Lexmark X9575 Professional
let users gain freedom and flexibility with built-in 802.11g wireless technology. Compatible
with Wi-Fi certified IEEE802.11g/b/n. High quality printing from virtually anywhere over a
secure wirelessnetwork. Share the Lexmark X9575 among multiple computers. In addition,
users canfax up to 50-pages capacity Auto Document Feeder (ADF) for multiple page
faxingand copying. Standalone black and color faxing with 33.6 Kbps modem speed 99speed dials, automatic redial, supports caller ID and up to 100-page fax memory. User also
can view and edit photos as large as 2.4" (6 cm) color display, print directly fromdigital
memory card, PictBridge compatible digital cameras or USB Flash drive andfast borderless
photos on popular photo sizes. Lexmark Productivity Studio Softwaremakes it easy to crop,
rotate, resize photos and apply photo effects, plus 1-touch color fix and red eye reduction.
This printer can also scan flatbed scanner with 48-bit color depth; 16-bit grayscale. The
resolution is up to 1200 x 4800 dpi optical resolution. Italso have function that can copy with
1-touch PC-free copying (color or black) 1 to 99copies at a time. This printer also allows
users to print fast. It is up to 33 ppm black and 28 ppm color printing. It also can print
Microsoft Office documents and PDFsdirectly from USB Flash drives.

4.2 Software (Adobe Photoshop CS3 and CS4)

Adobe Photoshop CS3
is marketed with three main components of improvement over previous versions. Adobe
Creative Suite 3 (CS3) was announcedon March 27, 2007. It introduced universal binaries for
all major programs for theApple Macintosh. It work more productively, edit with unrivalled
power, andcomposite with breakthrough tools. New features propagating productivity
includestreamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print
options,enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools
newto CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features
such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module wereenhanced. The
Black and White adjustment option improves users control over manual grayscale
conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.Compositing is assisted with
Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge toolsand improved Image Stitching
Technology. CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing
some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video,and comprehensive image analysis tools,
utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOMfile support.

Adobe Photoshop CS4

was announced on September 23, 2008 as thesuccessor to Adobe Creative Suite 3. It was
officially released on October 15, 2008.CS4 features additions such as the ability to paint
directly on 3D models, wrap 2Dimages around 3D shapes, convert gradient maps to 3D
objects, add depth to layersand text, get print-quality output with the new ray-tracing
rendering engine, and enjoyexporting to supported common 3D formats, the new Adjustment
and Mask Panels,content-aware scaling, and Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options.
On 30April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same featuresof
Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D,and high
end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4,is the first 64-bit
Photoshop on consumer computers.
5 . 0 P e r v a s i v e C o m p u t i n g 5 . 1 M e a n i n g
The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everydaydevices
withembeddedtechnology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively
smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the
result of computer technology advancing at exponentialspeeds - a trend toward all man-made
and some natural products havinghardwareandsoftware.Pervasive computing goes beyond the
realm of personal computers.It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to
appliances tocars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded
withchipstoconnect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of
pervasivecomputing, which combines current network technologies with
wirelesscomputing,voice recognition,Internetcapability andartificial intelligence, is to create
an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a waythat the
connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
5 . 2 E x a m p l e s
Smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like
functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some,a
smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing astandardized
interface and platform for application developers. For others, asmartphone is simply a phone
with advanced features like e-mail, Internet and e-book reader capabilities, and/or a built-in
full keyboard or external USB keyboard andVGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature
computer that has phone capability.
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtopcomputer.
Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enablingthem to be used as
mobile phones, web browsers, or portable media players. ManyPDAs can access the Internet
via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs).Many PDAs employ touch screen
technology.
6 . 0 C o n c l u s i o n
Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so usersare free
to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified
forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interactwith
computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will
grant your wish.
7 . 0 R e f e r e n c e
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?
qid=20080719211451AA9NFvshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-

computer_interactionhttp://www.indiana.edu/~ovpit/presentations/ipcres/tsld005.htmhttp://do
wnloadpedia.org/Open_Source_Operating_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
_softwarehttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TE
RM/H/hardware.htmlhttp://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/PracticeNote.aspx?
id=3182http://etbe.coker.com.au/2007/11/26/pentium-3-vs-pentium4/http://www.articlealley.com/article_673694_11.html