THERMODYNAMICS

Name: David Noel

Roll no: 13110023
Assignment: Triple Point of Water
In Thermodynamics Triple Point is Important. It is the point of
temparature and pressure where a substance and exists in
solid, liquid and gas. an easily repoducible state of an
arbitaryly chosen standard system is called a fixed point.
before 1954 there were two fixed points
Ice piont: temparature where pure ice co-existed in
equilibrium with pure water at 1 atm pressure
Steam point: temparature where pure water is in equilibrium
with pure steam at 1 atm pressure
later the use of two fixed point was found unsatisfactory and
later abandoned
after 1954 only one fixed point has been in use that is triple
point of water.
in this experiment we are going to perform the triple point of
water. as we know that it is an important aspect in
thermodynamics. the temparature and pressure of triple
point os water are 0.01 celcius and 0.2 millipascals. "the
temparature of triple point of water is now the standard fixed
point of thermometry". this fixed point are used in labs
throught the world to caliberate temparature and maintain
precisie.
if we go through the experiment he used the dry ice (frozen
co2), cell (with isinde well), vertical wire, glass rod, beaker
with water, spoon, alcohol (ethanol used in this experiment).
in the cell, around the well there is pure water and gas. the

fixed point contains 3 phases 2phases are already there so

have form the solid phase by freezing an ice metal. first he
poured four drops of ethanol inside the well of the cell. we
use this ethanol as catalyst. if freez the ice from inside out
first we have to freez purest water first. so that the
impurities will pushed out. the cell is pre cooled because we
cannot complete this experiment at room temparature. then
he filled the well with dry ice. if we obsereve there will be
boling action happens inside the cell. it tells about two things
first one is the use of the wire most of the dry ice will brush
againist the wire and fell inside the well. at first he poured 4
drops of ethanol if he used more the agitaion of dry ice will
more and comes out of the well. it clearly seen that filling
the well is not an siple thing it gets a lot of manwork. in the
middle of the experiment we can seen that ice bridges are
forming. so, inorder to prevent them he hold the cell with his
hand palm because our palms has more heat than the cell so
there wil be transfer of heat from hotter body to cooler body
and therefore the brigdes will melt. if we don't do that the
cell will broke down. agitation from side to side will has no
problem but do not rotate it quickly because at the bottom
dry ice is freezing the well means solid phase has started so
ice will broke if we rotate. at the bottom we can see stress
fracture withv in the ice it means we are freezing quickly. so
they are ice fracture not the cell fractures. dry ice sholud be
filled from bottom to top so we could melt the ice metal
away from the well just a little bit. after some time we can
see that solid phase has formed. so we can see the triple
point of water where solid liquid and gas states are co
existed. these triple point of water lasts 1 hour if we keep
the cell at room temparature. if we maintain a ice metal bath
it can lasts around 6 weeks