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PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS
Who: (ju) - quien, quienes, que -se usa slo para personasThat: (dat) - que -se usa para cosas y personasWhich: (juch) - que, el/la cual, los/las cuales, lo que -se usa para cosasWhom: (jum) - a quien, a quienes, al que
Whose: (jus) - cuyo/a, cuyos/as, de quien, de quienes
What: (ut) - lo que

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PREPOSICIONES INGLS - ESPAOL

about
after

alrededor de,
sobre
detrs de, despus
de

above

por encima de

among

entre (tres o ms)

at

en, junto a

before

behind
beneath
between
by

detrs de
debajo de
entre (dos o ms)
por, junto a

below
beside
but
down

except

excepto

for

from
into
near
off
over
through

de, desde
in
en, adentro
like
cerca de
of
de (alejndose),
on
fuera de
por encima de, al
since
otro lado
a travs de
throughout

antes de, delante

de
debajo de
junto a
excepto, pero
hacia abajo
para, por, durante,
desde hace
en, dentro de
como, igual a
de
en, sobre
desde

till = until

hasta

to

under

por debajo de
(poniendo) sobre,
encima

up

por todo
a, hasta, hacia
TO + Verbo (para)
hacia arriba

with

con

upon

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CONTRASTE
1. HOWEVER (Sin embargo)

This restaurant has the best kitchen in town. However, their staff are quite rude.

2. IN CONTRAST (Por el contrario)

House prices have gone up this year. In contrast, car prices seem to be
stagnating.

3. NEVERTHELESS (Sin embargo)

I was in so much pain I didnt want to get up in the morning. Nevertheless, I

went to football practice as usual.

4. ON THE OTHER HAND (Por otro lado)

England has the best language schools. On the other hand, it has the worst
weather.
5. EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH (Sin embargo)

6. BUT (Pero)
7. IN SPITE OF / DESPITE OF (A pesar de que)
In spite of / Despite being flawless, the essay was not chosen. ( A pesar de que
el ensayo no tena errores, no lo elegieron)
8. WHILE / WHEREAS (Mientras que)
Your essay is long, while/Whereas mine is short (Tu ensayo es largo, mientras que
el mo es corto)
ADICIN
1. AND (Y)
2. IN ADDITION (Adems)

In addition, they can be taught to feed themselves if you allow them access to
your pantry.

3. MOREOVER/FURTHERMORE (Adems)

Moreover, theyll show you the way home when youre drunk.

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SIMILITUD
1. SIMILARLY (Similarmente)

Youre not allowed to use your phone here. Similarly, you have to switch it off
when youre in the library.

2. IN THE SAME WAY (De manera similar)

Cutting down on sugar will help you lose weight. In the same way, doing more
exercise will help you get rid of a few kilos.
CONSECUTIVOS (RESULTADO O EFECTO)

1. AS A RESULT (Como resultado)

Ive done a pranic healing course. As a result, Ive been able to cure my
neighbours sick cat.

2. AS A CONSEQUENCE / CONSEQUENTLY (En consecuencia)

Zack has skipped school on many occasions. As a consequence, hes failed his
French test.

3. THEREFORE (Por lo tanto)

Were going to experience some meteor showers in the next few days.
Therefore, the number of miraculous self-healings will rise.

4. SO (Entonces)
SECUENCIA
1. FIRST, FIRSTLY, FIRST OF ALL, IN THE FIRST PLACE (En primer lugar)

First of all, Id like to talk about the benefits of having a pet pig.

2. TO BEGIN WITH (En primer lugar / Para comenzar)

To begin with, pet pigs are cleaner than dogs.

3. SECOND, SECONDLY, IN THE SECOND PLACE (En Segundo lugar)

Secondly, their impressive numeracy skills must be mentioned.

4. THIRD, THIRDLY, IN THE THIRD PLACE (En tercer lugar)

In the third place, you can always count on your pet pig to perform some tricks
for you when youd like to impress a pretty girl.
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5. IN ADDITION (Adems)

In addition, they can be taught to feed themselves if you allow them access to
your pantry.

6. MOREOVER (Adems)

Moreover, theyll show you the way home when youre drunk.

7. FINALLY (Por ltimo)

Finally, pet pigs are fantastic guards. No burglar would ever have the heart to
hurt a pet pig.

8. LAST, LASTLY, LAST OF ALL (Por ltimo)

Lastly, your reputation as an eccentric will rapidly grow in the neighbourhood if

youre seen walking a pet pig on a leash every morning.
EJEMPLIFICACIN

1. FOR EXAMPLE (Por ejemplo)

To solve this problem, you might want to try making small gestures. For example,
making your spouses favourite meal for dinner or giving him a massage after a
tiring day.

2. FOR INSTANCE (Por ejemplo)

Appreciate the small things your spouse does for you. For instance, leave thankyou notes for them every now and then.
EXPLICACIN

1. THAT IS TO SAY, THAT IS (Es decir)

Keep romance alive. That is to say, dont let your lovelife fall into routine.

2. IN OTHER WORDS (Visto de otra forma / En otras palabras)

Dont be unsociable. In other words, go out and make some friends.

NFASIS

1. IN FACT (A decir verdad / En verdad)

I told them not to invite Rachel to the party. In fact, I was the only person who
saw what a party pooper she really was.
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FOCO
1. WITH RESPECT TO (Con respecto a)

Starting your own IT company may be the one of the best things you can do
right now. With respect to opening a pet shop, its hard to say the same thing.

2. AS REGARDS (Respecto de)

Working from home has many advantages. As regards disadvantages, it might

be difficult to keep your cat off your keyboard.
CONCLUSIN

1. IN CONCLUSION (En conclusin)

In conclusion, it may be said that pigs make the best pets.

2. IN SUMMARY (En resumen)

In summary, it may not be the best idea to frequent the same pubs as your
boss.

3. TO SUM UP (Para resumir)

To sum up, some people are better suited to working from home than others.
CONDICIONALES

1. IF (SI)
If it rains, roads get slippery (Si llueve, las calles se vuelven resvalosas)
CAUSALES
1. BECAUSE / SINCE / AS (Porque/Ya que)
He had to apply for a loan, since he is bankrupt (Tuvo que pedir un prstamos, ya
que est en quiebra)
2. DUE TO THE FACT THAT (DEBIDO A QUE)
He had to apply for a loan due to the fact that he is bankrupt (Tuvo que pedir un
prstamo debido a que esta en quiebra)