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226
2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Vipul Rajput
Gujarat Technological University
4 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
I. INTRODUCTION
The demand for electrical power is generally increased at
faster rate in economical emerging countries. So the
requirement of power system equipment like transformer,
transmission lines, distribution lines and also protective device
like relays, circuit breakers, fuses is increased. These
transmission lines and distribution feeders are required to be
protected by comprehensive and quite involved protective
schemes so that the power system interruption is reduce to a
minimum with regard to time of interruption and the area
affected. The protective scheme must operate speed and
selective before the power system becomes unstable. The
feeders of 11 kV and medium transmission lines of 66 kV are
protected by overcurrent and earth fault relays as primary
protection. The transmission lines of 132 kV and 220 kV are
protected by distance relays as primary protection &
overcurrent and earth fault relays as back-up protection. The
complicated distance relays like quadrilateral relays are used
in lines above 400 kV [1][6].
Using Linear Programming the power system can be
decomposed into subsystem and we can get constrained matrix
of diagonal structure along with linking variables. Sparse dual
revised simplex method of linear programming is helpful to
solve subsystem. Whenever the fault is occurred it is sensed
by primary and back-up relays both.
On occurrence of fault primary protection initiates first to
clear the fault as per the scheme of back-up protection.
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motors and lumped load at 4.16 kV, 660 V and 480 V levels.
The existing plant load is 12 MW and the operating power
factor is 97%. The required capacitor bank size is 6.6 MVAR.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
TMS)
IEC Standard
Type of
Normal Inverse
Very Inverse
0.14
13.5
0.02
1
Extremely Inverse
80
120
0.05
0.04
Inverse
9.4
0.7
characteristics
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7.23 . 1
Relay
Fault
CTs
CT ratio
current(kA)
0.54 [7.23
0.14
1]
R1
39.53
CT1
4000/1
R2
39.53
CT2
500/1
R3
69.28
CT3
3000/1
= 0.1556 0.16
Same way, the plug setting, PSM and TMS of Relays R1 to R8
are calculated as shown in Table 3 [1],[9],[10].
R4
69.28
CT4
500/1
R5, R8
74
CT5, CT8
3000/1
R6, R7
74
CT6, CT7
200/1
23.09
17.5
24.66
17.84
0.54
0.22
0.47
0.75
0.16
0.1
0.19
0.35
0.42
R2
R3
R4
P.S. (%)
100
125
100
P.S.M
9.88
7.23
Time Operation
of Relays (Sec)
0.29
T.M.S (Sec)
0.1
500
R6,
R7
125
R1
125
R5,
R8
100
Relay
39530
=
= 9.88
1 4000
39530
480
= 7.23
1.25 500 4160
0.14
0.1 = 0.29
9.88 . 1
Fig. 3.
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Relay R1
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
39538
0.265
39228
0.506
9514
0.6
11375
1.11
5702
1.08
5876
2.97
3300
7.34
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Relay R2
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
4333
Relay R3
12.5
Relay R4
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
69807
0.242
68519
0.427
1021
0.875
2747
0.978
653.3
2.01
1096
3.47
507.7
7.34
687.5
6.3
Relay R5, R8
Relay R6, R7
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
Current(Amp)
Time(Sec)
74000
0.771
72437
19131
1.26
12362
2.66
4974
4.68
5885
8.85
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