Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
REACTION
Glucose enters the cell and receives a
phosphate group from ATP.
Hexokinase transfers the phosphate
group from ATP to glucose.ATP
provides the phosphate group as well
as the energy required to attach the
phophate group to glucose. The sugar
is trapped in the cell once it is
phosphorylated because of the
impermeability of the plasma
membrane to ions.Phosphorylation
makes glucose more chemically
reactive. Glucose 6-phosphate is
formed.
Glucose 6-phosphate is rearranged to
form its isomer, fructose-6-phosphate.
Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyses this
reaction.
Another ATP is invested. The enzyme
phosphofructokinase transfers the
phosphate group from ATP to
fructose-6-phosphate to form
fructose-1,6-biphosphate.The sugar
now is ready to be cleaved.
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate is split into
2 three carbon sugars glyceraldehyde3-phosphate and dehydroxyacetone
phophate. This two sugars are isomers
of each other. This is the reaction
from which glycolysis gets its name.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and
dehydroxyaceton phosphate are
isomers and are interconvertable.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
undergoes dehydrogenation/oxidation
to form phosphoglycerate. NAD+ is
the hydrogen acceptor. NADH is
formed.
Phophoglycerate reacts with inorganic
phophate to yield glycerate-1,3biphosphate.
PROCESS
Phosphorylation
ENZYME
Hexokinase/
Glucokinase (found only
in HEPATOCYTES)
Rearrangement
of hydrogen and
oxygen atoms.
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Phosphorylation
Phophhofructokinase
Cleavage/
spilitting
Aldolase
Isomerisation
Trisphosphate isomerase
Dehydrogenation Phosphoglyceraldehyde
dehydrogenase
Phosphorylation
Phosphoglyceraldehyde
dehydrogenase
Substrate-level
Phosphoglycerokinase
7
8
Process
Phosphoryl transfer
Phosphoryl Shift
Isomerisation
4
5
Dehydration
Aldol cleavage
phosphorylation
Rearrangement
Phosphoglyceromutase
Removal of
water
Enolase/dehydrase
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Pyruvatekinase
Reaction
A kinase transfers a phosphoryl group from ATP to
an intermediate,or from an intermediate to ADP.
A mutase shifts a phosphoryl group from one oxygen
atom to another.
An isomerase converts a kitose to aldose and vice
versa.
Enolase/dehydrase removes water.
Aldolase splits a carbon-carbon bond.