Anchor bolt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A cast-in-place anchor bolt
An anchor bolt is used to attach objects or structures to concrete. There are ma
ny types of anchor bolts, consisting of designs that are mostly proprietary to t
he manufacturing companies. All consist of a threaded end, to which a nut and wa
sher can be attached for the external load.[1] Anchor bolts are extensively used
on all types of projects, from standard buildings to dams and nuclear power pla
nts.[2] They can also be used to firmly affix embed plates to a concrete foundat
ion when used with a structural steel element.[3]
The simplest anchor bolt is a cast-in-place anchor. As seen in the figure, most
designs consist of a standard bolt with a hexagonal head, which is cast in the w
et concrete before it sets. There are other designs, some consisting of a bent b
olt with a hook on the end, or some other sort of bending. Cast-in-place anchor
bolts are the strongest type of fastener, but the casting is difficult, and they
are usually only used for heavy machines mounted on poured concrete floors. Ano
ther use of this anchor bolt is to connect the concrete foundation of a building
to its wall. With this, the building is more resistant to earthquakes. Currentl
y there are several devices to assist in holding and in placing anchor bolt to s
et in the concrete. These devices are mostly made from composite plastic. Once t
he concrete has been poured and set, the only other types of bolts that can be u
sed are mechanical and epoxy bolts. Epoxy bolts are the strongest, but can be ve
ry tricky to install, since the epoxy has to be mixed to exact specifications, t
he hole must be very clean, and the set time has to be watched. As well, there m
ust be a rigorous testing program. In Boston's Big Dig project, these procedures
were not well carried out, which resulted in a large concrete slab crushing a m
otorist.
A concrete screw is another way of attaching things to concrete that has already
been poured and set.
Contents
1
2
3
4
5

Wedge anchors
Gallery
See also
References
External links

Wedge anchors
A wedge anchor
Wedge anchors, also known as expansion bolts and expansion anchors, secure thems
elves using a mechanical wedging effect at the end of the fastener. There are th
ree basic styles of wedge anchors: fully threaded, partial threaded and the full
-bodied wedge anchor.[4] As shown in the figure, tightening the bolt results in
a wedge being driven up against a sleeve. This jams the end of the bolt, and pro
vides the strength. Many different manufacturers provide a variation on this the
me, usually depending on the condition of the concrete, and the type of load. If
a mechanical anchor fails, it is usually in the form of pulling out a wedge of
concrete, and for this reason, proper design looks at the depth of embedment and
ensures that the bolts are not spaced too closely.
A specialized form of the anchor bolt is the rock bolt, used in rock excavations
. In many parts of the world seismic anchors are another specialized subject.[5]
Gallery
Ancor bolt for concrete.JPG

Betonanker.jpg
Fischer FH.jpg
Metall-Fensterrahmendbel F10 M132 1756.JPG
See also
Screw anchor
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anchor bolts.
http://www.gobrick.com/BIA/technotes/t44.htm
"Where anchor bolts are used". US Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved November 2010
.
Anchor Bolts Piping Technology & Products, (retrieved May 2012)
"Fine Points on Selecting and Installing Wedge Anchors". Concrete Fastener. Retr
ieved November 2010.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080408144424/http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~epp/cl
ad/node3.html
External links
"Bolt Expands in Concrete to Anchor Fixtures" Popular Mechanics, February 19
35 bottom-left pg. 224
Categories:
Screws
Structural connectors
Fasteners
Foundations (buildings and structures)