Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium guajava L.

) on Two
Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria.
Biswas B1, Rogers K, McLaughlin F, Daniels D, Yadav A.
Author information

Abstract
Aim. To determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts
against two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and two
gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) which are some of
foodborne and spoilage bacteria. The guava leaves were extracted in four different
solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). The efficacy of
these extracts was tested against those bacteria through a well-diffusion method
employing 50/L leaf-extract solution per well. According to the findings of the
antibacterial assay, the methanol and ethanol extracts of the guava leaves showed
inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas the gram-negative bacteria
were resistant to all the solvent extracts. The methanol extract had an antibacterial
activity with mean zones of inhibition of 8.27 and 12.3 mm, and the ethanol extract had
a mean zone of inhibition of 6.11 and 11.0 mm against B. cereus and S. aureus,
respectively. On the basis of the present finding, guava leaf-extract might be a good
candidate in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent. This study provides scientific
understanding to further determine the antimicrobial values and investigate other
pharmacological properties.
PMID:24223039[PubMed] PMCID:PMC3817707,
Int J Microbiol. 2013;2013:746165. doi: 10.1155/2013/746165. Epub 2013 Oct 20.

Anti-septic effects of fisetin in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract
Sepsis is a state of disrupted inflammatory homeostasis that is initiated by infection.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acting as a late mediator of severe vascular
inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR),
is involved in vascular inflammation. Fisetin, an active compound from the family
Fabaceae, was reported to have antiviral, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory
activities. Here, we determined the anti-septic effects of fisetin on HMGB1-mediated
inflammatory responses and on the shedding of EPCR in vitro and in vivo, for the first
time. First, we monitored the effects of post-treatment fisetin on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial
cells (HUVECs) and septic mice. Post-treatment fisetin was found to suppress LPSmediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements.
Fisetin also inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in
septic mice. Fisetin induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
and CLP-induced EPCR. Fisetin also inhibited the expression and activity of tumor
necrosis factor- converting enzyme, induced by PMA in endothelial cells. In addition,
fisetin inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor- and the activation of AKT,
nuclear factor-B, and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by HMGB1 in HUVECs.
Fisetin also down-regulated CLP-induced release of HMGB1, production of interleukin
1, and reduced septic mortality. Collectively, these results suggest that fisetin may be a
candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases via
inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
PMID:
24706001

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Inflammation. 2014 Oct;37(5):1560-74:10.1007/s10753-0149883-4.

Summary:
Sepsis is a state of disrupted inflammatory homeostasis that is initiated by infection.
There are a lot of medicine available in the market such as fisetin. the anti-septic effects
of fisetin on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses and on the shedding of EPCR in
vitro and in vivo, .Aside from synthetic type of anti-septic there is also natural anti-septic
one of this is guava, Some studies had shown that guava has its natural anti-septic
property which believed can aide infection and inflammatory process.

Conclusion:
Base on the articles both synthetic and natural anti-septic are useful in treating infection
and inflammatory response because both synthetic medicine such as fisetin are made
to treat infection while guava has its natural antiseptic property. In my own opinion both
are effective in their own way except that guava is more cheeper and lesser
complication because it came from natural resources unlike the synthetic one which
undergo certain chemical procedures.