HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

CHAPTER 2: HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

2.1: INTRODUCTION

In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogs of the ordinary trigonometric functions.

Derive hyperbolic functions from ordinary trigonometric functions.

In Chapter 1, a complex number could be written in either polar or exponential form, giving
rise to the equations:

If these two equations are added,

By replacing

with

where the right-hand side is entirely real numbers. Thus, this is called hyperbolic cosine:

Exponential function can be expressed as a series of powers of x,

If these the series

subtract

and divide by 2. This is called hyperbolic sine:

Both hyperbolic cosine and hyperbolic sine can also be represented using series of powers
of x:

22

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

For hyperbolic tangent, the same calculation as ordinary trigonometric tangent applied:

2.2: GRAPHS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

2.3: EVALUATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

The values of

can be found using a calculator in just the same manner

as the values of the circular trigonometric expressions were found.

The values can also be found using the exponential expressions.

23

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

Example 2.1: Evaluate

Example 2.2: Evaluate

Example 2.3: Evaluate

24

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

2.4: INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

The values of

can be found using a calculator in just the same

manner as the values of the circular trigonometric expressions were found.

The values can also be found using the exponential expressions.

Example 2.4: Evaluate

Example 2.5: Evaluate

Example 2.6: Evaluate

25

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

2.5: LOG FORM OF THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

(

(
(

)
)

Example 2.7: Evaluate

Example 2.8: Evaluate

Example 2.9: Evaluate

26

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

2.6: HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES

Reciprocal hyperbolic functions

Other hyperbolic identities

--(1)
--(2)
(1) + (2)
(1) (2)
Multiply both expressions;
(

Divide by

)(

27

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

Divide by

Square both the expressions;

--(3)
--(4)
(3) (4)

(3) + (4)

Substitute
Substitute

28

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

2.7: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

From previous work on complex number,

--(5)
--(6)
(5) + (6)

(5) (6)

From

, substitute

( )
(

From

, substitute

( )
(

Divide both sides by

Note:

29

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

From

and

From

and

Example 2.10: Prove that

30

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

Example 2.11: Prove that

31

HELP Matriculation Centre Foundation in Science FDEMA001 Engineering Mathematics Applications MFH

TUTORIAL 2: HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

1. On the same axes, draw sketch graphs of (a)
2. If

find when

and

(b)

(c)

3. Calculate using exponential expressions, the value of:

a.
b.
4. If

, find

and hence, evaluate x.

5. The curve assumed by a heavy chain or cable is given by

a. The value of

. If

calculate:

when

b. The value of when

6. Simplify

7. Prove that

8. Express

and

in exponential form and hence solve for real values of x, the

equation:
9. If

.
and

prove that (

10. Evaluate using logarithm:

a.
b.
11. Prove that

12. Prove that

13. Prove that

.
.
.

14. Solve for real values of x:

15. If

16. Prove that

) calculate
(

when

and

32