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  • TB PathoPhysiology

    Enviado por

    Chloé Jane Hilario
    146 visualizações6 páginas
    The document discusses tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. People at highest risk include those who are malnourished, immunocompromised (e.g. from HIV/AIDS, cancer), diabetic, very young or old, exposed to air pollution/tobacco smoke, or have a history of TB. The bacteria is transmitted via inhalation of droplets from coughing/sneezing and can evade the lungs' defenses. This leads to a granulomatous inflammatory response and the formation of lesions called Ghon complexes which can spread infection. Primary TB involves the lungs and lymph nodes while secondary TB spreads beyond the lungs. Symptoms include cough, blood in sputum, night swe

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    TB

    Título original

    Tb PathoPhysiology

    Direitos autorais

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. People at highest risk include those who are malnourished, immunocompromised (e.g. from HIV/AIDS, cancer), diabetic, very young or old, exposed to air pollution/tobacco smoke, or have a history of TB. The bacteria is transmitted via inhalation of droplets from coughing/sneezing and can evade the lungs' defenses. This leads to a granulomatous inflammatory response and the formation of lesions called Ghon complexes which can spread infection. Primary TB involves the lungs and lymph nodes while secondary TB spreads beyond the lungs. Symptoms include cough, blood in sputum, night swe

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato DOCX, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    146 visualizações6 páginas

    TB PathoPhysiology

    Enviado por

    Chloé Jane Hilario
    The document discusses tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. People at highest risk include those who are malnourished, immunocompromised (e.g. from HIV/AIDS, cancer), diabetic, very young or old, exposed to air pollution/tobacco smoke, or have a history of TB. The bacteria is transmitted via inhalation of droplets from coughing/sneezing and can evade the lungs' defenses. This leads to a granulomatous inflammatory response and the formation of lesions called Ghon complexes which can spread infection. Primary TB involves the lungs and lymph nodes while secondary TB spreads beyond the lungs. Symptoms include cough, blood in sputum, night swe

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato DOCX, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 6

    Etiology: Mycobacterium

    Tuberculosis

    Precipitating factors:

    Predisposing factors:

    Malnutrition
    Immunocompromised
    diseases (HIV, AIDS,

    Cancer)
    Diabetes
    Age (<2 years old and
    >60 years)
    Air pollution

    Mode of
    transmiinhalation of
    droplet nuclei

    Tobacco

    Smoke
    Alcohol Abuse
    History of

    Tuberculosis
    Crowded Areas
    Poor Hygiene

    Incomplete
    Vaccination

    Microorganism get past


    upper airway defense
    mechanism.

    Cough reflex and


    mucociliary clearance

    Next line of defense is


    alveolar macrophage .

    If microorganisms are
    virulent they multiply in
    a large number.

    39

    Granulomatous
    inflammatory
    response (Ghons
    focus)

    Central portion of Ghons focus


    undergoes soft, caseous necrosis

    Fibrosis and
    calcification happens
    as the lesion ages.

    Some mycobacterial organisms are


    carried off by the lymphatics to the hilar
    lymph nodes

    Ghons Complex

    As the process progress the bacteria may


    or may not be killed and it continue to
    grow and multiply resulting to a cell
    mediated immunity (which can be
    detected through PPD)

    Symptoms:

    Cough (usually
    with mucus)
    Hemoptysis
    Excessive
    sweating at night
    Fatigue
    Fever
    Weight loss

    B
    PULMONARY

    Diagnostic test:

    PPD(Purified
    Protein40
    Derivative)
    Chest
    Radiograph

    C
    TYPES

    Secondary Tuberculosis

    Primary Tuberculosis

    If left untreated
    If treated

    If left untreated
    TB medicines:

    If treated

    TB medicines:
    Isoniazid,
    rifampicin,
    Streptomycin,
    ethambutol,
    pyrazinamide

    Reactivati
    on of
    tuberculo
    sis

    Others:
    Balanced diet,
    cough etiquette,
    handwashing,
    wearing of mask,
    religious
    E of
    compliance

    Others:
    Balanced diet,
    cough etiquette,
    handwashing,
    wearing of mask,
    religious
    compliance of

    Good Prognosis

    Good Prognosis

    The
    bacteria
    a
    Some
    lobe ofcause
    the lungs
    progressive
    lung
    poorly oxygenated
    destruction by forming

    Isoniazid,
    rifampicin,
    Streptomycin,
    ethambutol,
    pyrazinamide

    Extensive
    erosion/
    Spread of
    infection in
    Lung
    destruction
    the pleural
    cavity
    Reduced
    Abscess
    of the lung
    Atelectasi
    Empyema
    Lung
    (Tuberculosis
    Respiratory
    lunglung
    Ruptured

    Massive flooding
    of blood in
    Hypoxia
    of of
    Erosion
    tracheobronchial
    diapedesis
    major
    organ
    Hemorrhage
    arteries in
    tree

    Hematogenous
    dissemination
    occurs
    F outside
    the lungs and
    extends to an
    adjacent organ
    41
    outside the
    lungs

    Bon

    Biopsy of
    affected
    area
    Bronchoscop
    y
    CSF analysis
    CT Scan

    Hea

    Uterus

    pericarditi

    Symptoms:

    Diagnostic test:

    Extrapulmonary
    Tuberculosis

    Liv
    er

    Meninge
    s

    endometr

    meningi

    Bone
    marrow

    Pain
    Discomfort
    Fever
    Chills
    Night sweats
    Weight loss

    Abdom
    en
    peritonit

    Multiple Organ
    dysfunction

    Death

    42

    43

    44

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