Wordlist GRE

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VOCABULARY
Improving ones vocabulary
One of the best methods to develop a strong vocabulary is by reading. Reading varied material like journals,
newspapers, magazines and keep a track of new words you learn from them. Make a list of the word and its usage in
different settings and contexts. Let this become a short, easy reference special word list that would be handy.
Have a thesaurus, which is a like a dictionary in various ways except that it groups words within constellations of
meaning. It is often useful in discovering just the right word you need to express what you want to say.
For the correct definition/ explanation of the word keep a dictionary with you.
Some dos:
1. Involve yourself in getting exposure to new sources for words through:
a. Reading- academics and literature of different genres- Science, Linguistics, Art, History, etc., periodicals and journals
b. Listening- Speeches, People, news on BBC radio
Make mental notes
2. Make learning more fun:
- challenge your brain to crosswords, word puzzles, scrabble, etc
3. Take up creative tools like anagrams, flash cards, mnemonics and mind mapping to improve memory aid and better
recall.
4. Etymology:
Etymology refers to the root of the words. Identifying the root of a word not only helps in developing a better
understanding but also reveals a plethora of other new words.
A lot of the words in the English language are derived from Greek and Latin roots.
Developing vocabulary through various parts of words like PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ROOTS and groups of words that
convey the same/ similar meaning, help gaining a command over the language.
Prefixes: A prefix is the part that is attached to the front of a word
For example: Im- added to Possible forms impossible which means something which cannot be done. Therefore we
know that the prefix Im- means not.
Similarly, when we take the prefix ego- added to words like centric, -ism, maniac, form words which refer to being
self centered. Therefore the prefix ego means I.
Homo- Homogenised, homonym, homograph, homophones, homogenous. The prefix homo- helps us form words
which refer to commonness. Therefore, the prefix homo- refers to same.
There are number prefixes like mono.
Contact: Sanjeeb Paul at: 963 296 0281 // Email at: opipaul@gmail.com, paul@verticalskale.com
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Mono- Monogamy, monochord, monologue, monotone, monocle, monolith, monocracy, monody, monotheism,
monophthong, all refer to something that consists one. Therefore the prefix mono refers to one/ single.
Other number prefixes one could try:
Bi- two, tri-, poly- many, hexa-, penta- hepta, octa, nona
Try the following prefixes:
Ambi-, Mal-, Bene-, Un-, Dis- Philo, Miso
Suffix: A suffix is the word part that is attached to the end of a word.
For example: -ness when added to words, for example- greatness, sadness, happiness helps us indicate the state,
quality of being of something or someone.
Similarly, when -ism is added to a word, for example: baptism, polytheism, altruism, atheism, hylozoism, euphemism,
etc all indicate the belief, principle one professes to.
Other suffixes:
-Ology/ -logy (logos), -logue, -oid, -able, -ion
Expanding your vocabulary is a life-long process. It is never too late to begin. By establishing now the habit of finding,
learning and using new words, you are setting an excellent pattern of learning.
Remember it needs active involvement to develop a good vocabulary.
COMMON ROOT WORDS AND WORD ORIGINS

ROOTS
alter
ami, amicamphi
ann, enni
anthrop
aqua, aque
arch
arthro
aud
bell
biblio
biobrev
cap
carn
ced
MEANING
other
love
both ends or all sides
year
human, man
water
chief, leader, ruler
joint
sound
war
book
life
short
take, seize
meat
yield, go
WORD
alternate, alter ego
amiable, amicable
amphibian
anniversary, annual, biennial, perennial
anthropology, anthropomorphic, misanthrope
aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct
archangel, monarch, archaic, archenemy
arthritis
auditorium, audible, audiologist, audiotape
belligerent, bellicose
bibliography, bibliophile
biography, autobiography, biology, antibiotic
brief, abbreviate
capture, captivate, capacity
carnivorous, chili con carne
recede, secede, proceed, intercede, concession
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chromchroncogn
cord/chord
corp
crac, crat
cred
cruc
crusta
crypt
culp
dei
demodent
dermdic
dox
duc, duct
duo
dynamego
equ
fac
fil
frater
gamgeoglyph
grad, gress
graphgym
gynhemo, hema, hem
holo
hydro, hydr
iso
ject
jud
leg, lect
liter
loc
log
luc
magn
man
mar
mater
mere
meta, met
metri, metermin
mit, miss
color
time
know
cord
body
rule, ruler
believe
cross
shell
hidden
guilt
god
people
tooth
skin
speak, say
belief, opinion
lead
two
power
self
equal
make, do
threadlike
brother
marriage
earth
vertical groove
step
writing, printing
naked
woman
blood
whole, entire
water
equal, identical
throw
judge
read, choose
letter
place
word
light
large
hand
sea
mother
part, segment
behind, between
measure
small
send
chromatic, monochrome, polychrome

chronicle, chronology, chronometer, synchronize
recognize, cognitive, incognito
harpsichord
corpus, corpse, corporal
autocrat, democracy, bureaucrat, democracy
credible, credulous, credibility, credit, credo
crucifix, crucial
crustacean
cryptogram, cryptology, cryptic
culpable, culprit
deity, deify
demography, democracy, epidemic
dentist, dentifrice, dentin
dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic
dictate, predict, diction, indict
orthodoxy, paradox, heterodoxy
induce, deduce, seduction, conduct, abduct
duo
dynamo, hydrodynamics
egotist, egomania
equal, equity, equanimity, equate, equidistant
manufacture, factory, benefactor
filament
fraternal, fraternize
monogamy, polygamy, bigamy
geopolitical, geology, geography, geothermal
HieroglyphicsEgyptian sky writing
gradual, progression, transgression
graphology, biography, telegraph, geography
gymnasium
gynecologist, androgynous
hemophilia, hematology, hemoglobin
holograph
dehydrate, hydraulics, hydroelectric, hydroplane
isolate
inject, reject, subject, projection
judicial, judge, adjudicate
legible, lectern, lecturer, election
literature, illiterate, literal
local, location
monologue, epilogue
lucid, elucidate
magnify, magnate, magnificent
manufacture, manual, manuscript
marine, mariner
maternal, maternity, matriarchy, matricide
mere
metacognitionbehind the thinking
geometric, thermometer, odometer
minority, minuscule, minute
permit, submission, mission, emit,
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mob, mot, mov
mon
mor, mort
morph
mut
neuro
nomen /nomin
nov
nym, onym
odonto
orthopac
pater
path
ped, pod
pel, puls
pend
phon-, phonoplan
pneum
pod
port
pot
psychpugna
quer, quis
scent, scend
schizo, schiz
sci
sciss
scrib, script
sec, sect
sed, sess
sens, sent
sequ, secu
serv
simil
siphon
sol
son
soph
spec, spic
spir
spir
spond, spons
spont
stat
tang, tact
temp
ten, tent
terr
theo
move
warn
death
form, structure
change
nerve
name
new
word, name
tooth
straight, correct
peace
father
feeling, suffering
foot
push
hang, weigh
sound, voice
flat
lung
feet
carry
power
soul, spirit, mind
fight
ask
climb
division, split
know
cut
write
cut
sit
feel, be aware
follow
serve, protect
same
tube
sun
sound
wisdom, knowledge
look, see
coil
breathe
promise, answer for
by one's own force
stay, position
touch
time
hold
earth
god, deity
mobile, automobile, motion, promote, movie

premonition, admonition
mortal, mortician, immortality
metamorphosis, amorphous, morphology
mutant, mutability, mutate
neurology, neurosis, neurobiology
nominal, nominate, nomenclature
novel, renovate, innovation, novella
synonym, acronym, anonymous, pseudonym
orthodontistone who straightens teeth
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic
pacify, Pacific Ocean, pacifist
paternal, paternity, patricide, patrilineal, patriotic
sympathy, apathy, empathy, telepathy, pathology
pedal, pedometer, centipede, gastropod
pulsate, repulsive, impulse, compel, propel
pendulum, pendant, suspend, pending
telephone, euphony, cacophony, phonograph
planar, plantation, plane
pneumatic
podiatrist
portable, transport, portage, report,
potent, omnipotent, potentate
psychology, psychic, psychobiography
pugnacious, pugilist
query, inquisition,
ascend, ascent
schizophrenic
scientific
scissors
manuscript, scribe, proscribe, scripture
dissect, section
sedentary, session
sensible, sentient
sequence, sequel, consecutive
service
similar, assimilate, simile, facsimile (fax)
siphon
solar
sonar, resonate, unison
philosophy, sophisticated, sophomore (wise fool)
spectacles, spectator, inauspicious, prospect
spiral
inspire, respiration, conspire, perspiration
respond, responsible
spontaneous
station
tactile, tangible
temporary, temporize
tentative, tenable, tenuous
subterranean, terrain, terrestrial, disinter
theology, polytheism, atheist, monotheism
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thermtrophy
uro
vac
ven, vent
ver
vert
vit
voc
zoo
heat
nutrition, food
urine
empty
come, go
truth
turn
life
call
animal
thermal, thermos, thermometer

atrophywithout nutrition
urologist
vacation, vacuum, vacuous, vacant
intervene, convene, contravene
veracity, verify, verity
introvert, irreversible, vertigo
vital, revitalize, vitamin
revoke, invocation, vocal, evocative, convocation
zoo, zoology, zoolatry
PREFIXES
PREFIX
a-, anabadambianaantiapoautobenecata-, catcentro, centricircumcomconcontradedia-, didisdyseectoen-, emendoepiesoeuexheterohomohyperhypoilimiminininterintra-
MEANING
not, without
away from
to, toward
both
up, back, again
against
from, away from
self
good
down, against
around, center
around
with, together
with, together
against
down, away
through, across
apart, not
ill, difficult, bad
out of, from
on the outside
in
within, inside
upon
inward, within
well, good
out of, from
other, different
same
over
under
not
not
into
not
into
between
within
EXAMPLES
amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial
abduction, abstain, abnormal
adjoin, adjacent (lying near to)
ambidextrous, ambivalent
analogy, anatomy, anagram
antipathy, antiwar, antisocial
apology, apologize
autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton
benediction benevolent benefactor
catastrophe--a turning down
concentric, centrifugal
circumlocution circumference, circumvent
communal, community
connect, confide conspire
contradict, contravene
descend, deject (cast down)
diameter, division
disengage, discord, discomfort
dysfunctional, dysentery
elect (choose out of), eject (throw out)
ectoderm--outer skin
empathy--feeling in
endoscope--instrument for observing inside
epitaph epidermis, epicenter
esoteric--more inward, esophagus
euthanasia--good death
exhume, exhale, exodus
heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous
homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized
hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity
hypotension, hypodermic
illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible
imperfect, impolite, impossible
imbibe (drink in, take in)
indiscreet, invisible
incorporate (take into the body)
intervene (come between), interstate
intrastate, intramural
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irmacromal, malemetamicromononeoobpalin-, palipanparaperperiphil-, philopolypostpreproprosprotopseudo
reretrosesubsur-, supersyn-, sym-, syl-, systeletrans-
not
large
bad, evil
beyond
small
one, single
new, recent
against
back, again
all, every
false
through
around
like, lover of
many, several
after
before
for, forward
toward, in front
first
false
again, back
back
away from
under
over, above
with, together
distant, far off
across
irregular, irrational, irredeemable

macrocosm, macroeconomics
malediction malevolent, malnutrition
metaphysical
microscope, microcosm, microeconomics
monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy
neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic
object, obstruct (build against)
palindrome
pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic
paramilitary, paralegal, parachute
percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through)
perimeter, periscope
philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy
polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism
postgraduate, posthumous postpone
precede, predict (tell before)
promote, project
prospectview in front, something coming up
prototype, protoplasm, protobiology
pseudonym, pseudoscience
repeat, recede, regress (step back)
retrogression, retroactive
seduce (lead away), secede
submarine, subject, subhuman subterranean
superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass
symphony, synonym, system, syllable
telephone, telepathy, television, telegram
transient, Transatlantic, transport (carry across)
SUFFIXES
SUFFIX
-agog, -agogue
-cide
-ectomy
-ia, -y
-ic, -tic, -ical, -ac
-ics
-isk, -iscus
-ism
-ist
-ite
-logy
-oid
-or, -er
-phobia
-sis
DEFINITION
leader
kill(ing)
cutting
act, state
having to do with
things having to do with
small
the belief in
one who believes in
one connected with
study field of
resembling, like-shaped
one who takes part in
exaggerated fear
act, state, condition of
EXAMPLE
demagogue, pedagogue
patricide, infanticide, herbicide. suicide
appendectomy, splenectomy
amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy
anthropomorphic, dramatic, biblical, cardiac
optics, physics
asterisk--a little star
pacifism, terrorism, socialism, communism
pacifist, terrorist, socialist, communist
meteorite, polite, cosmopolite
biology, geology, etymology, cardiology
asteroid, spheroid
doctor, actor, teacher, driver
photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia
analysis
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SOME NAMES THAT BECAME WORDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
AbeliaAlexandrineTeddy BearAugustGUY
MORSE CODE
AlgorithmBAKELITEBLOODY MARY
BOWIE KNIFE
CAESAREAN SECTION
(c. 101 - 44 B. C.),
GALVANIZE
BOYCOTT
MARIGOLD
CARDIGAN
officer
BUNKUM, BUNK
CASANOVA
DECIBEL
MACH
EPICURE
DUNCE
smart)
JACUZZI
MACKINTOSH
OSCAR
executive director
PASTEURIZE
SANDWICH
SILHOUETTE
POMPADOUR
aristocrat
MAVERICK
MESMERIZE
Clark Abel
Alexander the Great
Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), U. S. president
Augustus Caesar
Guy Fawkes (1570-1606), British terrorist
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872), American artist and inventor
al-Khowarizmi (c800 - c850), Arab mathematician
Leo Hendrik Baekeland (1863-1944), Belgian-born American chemist
Mary I Tudor (1516-1558), English queen (probably)
James Bowie (1796-1836), American pioneer
Gaius Julius Caesar, who according to legend was born in this manner
Luigi Galvani (1739-1798), Italian physiologist
Charles C. Boycott (1832-1897), English land agent
Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus
James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (1797-1868), British cavalry
Col. Edward Buncombe, Revolutionary War hero (see note)
Giovanni Jacopo Casanova de Seingalt (1725-98), Italian adventurer
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)
Ernst Mach (1838-1916), Austrian physicist
Epicurus (342?-270 B. C.), Greek philosopher
John Duns Scotus (c. 1265-1308), Scottish theologian (who was actually very
Roy Jacuzzi and Candido Jacuzzi (1903-1986), American inventors
Charles Macintosh (1766-1843), inventor of the waterproofing process
Oscar Pierce, American wheat and fruit grower and uncle of an Academy
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718-92), English diplomat
Etienne de Silhouette (1709-1767), French minister of finance in 1759
Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise De Pompadour (1721-1764), French
Samuel Augustus Maverick (1803-1870), Texas cattle owner
Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), Austrian physician
Animal Adjectives
Animal Name
alligator
ant
anteater
antelope
ape
armadillo
ass
badger
Animal Adjective
eusuchian
formicine, myrmecine
myrmecophagine
alcelaphine, bubaline, antilopine
simian
tolypeutine
asinine
musteline
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barracuda
bat
bear
bee
bird
passerine
bison
buffalo
bull
butterfly
calf
camel
cat
chamois
chicken
civet
cobra
coral
cow
crab
crocodile
deer
dodo
dog
dolphin
dormouse
dragon
earthworm
elephant
elk
ermine
ferret
fish
flea
flying fox
fox
frog
gazelle
gerbil
gibbon
rodent
roebuck
sable
salamander
sea horse
sea lion
seal
serpent
sheep
shrew
silkworm
skunk
slug
smelt
percesocine
pteropine, noctilionine
ursine
apiarian
avian, muscicapine, oscine (song)
(perching), penduline, volucrine
bisontine
bubaline
taurine
pieridine, pierine
vituline
cameline
feline
rupicaprine
galline
viverrine
elapine
coralline
bovine
cancrine
crocodilian
cervine, elaphine
didine
canine
delphine
myoxine
draconine
lumbricine
elephantine
cervine
musteline
musteline
piscine
pulicine
pteropine
vulpine
ranine
gazelline
cricetine
hylobatine
glirine
capreoline
zibeline
salamandrine
hippocampine
otarine
phocine, otarine
serpentine
ovine
soricine
bombycine
musteline
limacine
atherine
giraffe
goat
hamster
hare
hippopotamus
hog
hornet
horse
human
hyena
kangaroo
leech
lemming
lemur
leopard
limpet
lion
lizard
lobster
louse
manatee
marten
mink
mite
mole
mongoose
moose
mosquito
moth
mouse
octopus
opposum
oryx
otter
ox
oyster
panther
pig
polecat
porcupine
porpoise
python
rabbit
raccoon
ram
rat
rattlesnake
reptile
reindeer
rhinoceros
giraffine
caprine, hircine (smelly)
cricetine
leporine
hippopotamine
suilline
vespine
equine
hominine
hyenine
macropodine
hirudine
microtine
lemurine
pardine
patelline
leonine
lacertilian, saurian
homarine
pediculine
manatine
musteline
musteline
acarine
talpine
viverrine, herpestine
cervine
aedine, anopheline
arctian
murine
octopine
didelphine
orygine
lutrine
bovine
ostracine
pantherine
porcine, suilline
musteline
hystricine
phocaenine
pythonine
lapine
procyonine
arietine
murine
crotaline
reptilian, serpentine
rangiferine
ceratorhine
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snake
squirrel
stag
stoat
sturgeon
termite
tick
tiger
toad
tortoise
turtle
vole
wasp
weasel
wolf
wombat
worm
zebra
anguine, elapine, colubrine (garter,king), ophidian, reptilian, serpentine, viperine

sciurine
cervine, elaphine
musteline
acipenserine
termitine
acarine
tigrine
batrachian
chelonian, testudine
chelonian
microtine
vespine
musteline
lupine
phascolomian
vermian
zebrine, hippotigrine
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HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS

1. Abate Verb
The wind abated after the storm: decrease, diminish, reduce, lessen, subside, decline, fade, fade away, recede, dwindle,
moderate, mitigate, weaken, wane, ebb, curtail, slack, slacken, go down, lower, fall off, fall away, taper off, lighten,
soften, quiet, quell, slow, slow down, slake off, temper, cool, blunt; ease, relieve, alleviate, assuage, pacify, soothe,
allay, mollify, palliate, dull; dampen, restrain, restrict.
Antonyms
Increase, intensify, magnify, enhance, heighten, aggravate, amplify, grow; multiply, rise, come up, strengthen, sharpen,
heat up; quicken, accelerate, hurry, speed, speed up; prolong, extend.
2. Aberrant Adjective
1 The planet's orbit was plainly aberrant: straying, stray, deviating, deviate, wandering, errant, erring, devious, erratic,
rambling, diverging, divergent.
2 Aberrant behavior led to his confinement: abnormal, irregular, unusual, odd, eccentric, peculiar, exceptional, weird,
queer, curious, singular, strange; unconforming, nonconforming, anomalous.
Antonyms
1 direct.
2 normal.
3. Abeyance Noun
The building project will be held in abeyance until spring: postponement, suspension, intermission, remission, deferral,
adjournment, discontinuance, inaction, dormancy, latency; pause, delay, cessation, quiescence, recess, hiatus, waiting
period, in a holding pattern; in cold storage, on ice, on a back burner.
Antonyms: Continuance, continuation, continuity, ceaselessness.
4. abstemious adjective
His abstemious habits allowed him few pleasures: abstinent, ascetic, austere, temperate, continent, nonindulgent,
teetotal, self-denying, sparing, self-disciplined, abstentious.
Antonyms
self-indulgent, abandoned, undisciplined, uncontrolled, hedonistic, profligate, licentious, unrestrained, immoderate.
5. admonish verb
1 The captain admonished the guards to be on the alert: warn, caution, put on guard, tip off; advise, counsel, enjoin.
2 The preacher admonished his congregation for failure to attend weekly services: reprove, censure, reprimand, rebuke,
reproach, remonstrate, chide, chasten, scold, upbraid, criticize, take to task, call to account, rap on the knuckles.
Antonyms
2 praise, compliment, commend.
6. adulterate verb
The ancient Greeks often adulterated their wine with water: contaminate, thin, water, water down; depreciate, Informal
cut.
7. esthetic or aesthetic adjective
The course in art history is designed to develop the student's esthetic judgment: appreciative of beauty, appealing to
artistic taste, having artistic tastes, artistic; sensitive, discriminating, cultivated, refined, fastidious.
Antonyms
unesthetic, unappreciative; insensitive, undiscriminating.
8. aggregate noun
The final plan was an aggregate of all our ideas: composite, compound, union, combination, gathering, accumulation,
collection, amassing, bringing together, summation, mixture, mix, blend, mass, conglomeration, conglomerate.
9. Alacrity noun
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1 She answered his call for assist-ance with alacrity: willingness, enthusiasm, eagerness, fervor, zeal, avidity; alertness,
promptness, dispatch, readiness.
2 Despite his 80 years, he moved with alacrity: liveliness, briskness, sprightliness; agility, nimbleness.
Antonyms
1 unwillingness, indifference, unconcern, apathy, impassiveness, reluctance, disinclination; languor, lethargy, dullness.
2 slowness, sluggishness.
10. alleviate verb
This medication will alleviate the soreness: relieve, ease, allay, assuage; lessen, reduce, abate, diminish, check, temper,
lighten, soften, mitigate, mollify; blunt, dull, moderate, slake, slacken, subdue, quit, quench.
Antonyms: make worse, aggravate, increase, intensify, heighten, enhance, magnify, multiply.
11. amalgamate verb
Silver must be amalgamated with a harder material to make durable jewelry. The two shipping companies amalgamated
into one: combine, blend, merge, fuse, mix, commingle; unite, unify, join together, consolidate, coalesce, incorporate,
federate, integrate, synthesize.
Antonyms: separate, part, divide, disunite.
12. ambiguous adjective
"Indian" is an ambiguous word because it can refer to an American Indian or a native of India: equivocal, vague,
unclear, cryptic, enigmatic, puzzling, indefinite, uncertain, doubtful; misleading, having a double meaning.
Antonyms: explicit, definite, specific, direct, conclusive; clear, plain, frank, unmistakable, obvious, simple, lucid;
unquestionable, honest.
13.ambivalent adjective
I have ambivalent thoughts on where to spend my vacation: contradictory, conflicting, opposing, clashing, warring;
confused, undecided, unfocused, mixed, wavering, fluctuating, vacillating, Informal wishy-washy.
Antonyms: definite, positive; unwavering.
14. ameliorate verb
1 The council met to consider ways of ameliorating the foreign situation: improve, better, help, heal, fix up, patch up,
correct, rectify; amend, reform, revise, improve upon, make an improvement upon; advance, promote.
2 Doctors say the patient's condition has ameliorated: improve, get better, grow better, perk up, pick up, progress, come
along, mend, show improvement.
Antonyms
1 ruin, botch, queer, screw up, wreck, destroy.
2 deteriorate, go downhill, decline, weaken, worsen.
15. Anachronism
anachronism (* nak"r* niz'*m), n.
1. an error in chronology in which a person, object, event, etc., is assigned a date or period other than the correct one.
2. a thing or person that belongs to another, esp. an earlier, time.
[164050; < L anachronismus < Gk anachronisms a wrong time reference = anachron(zein) to make a wrong time
reference (see ANA-, CHRONO-, -IZE) + -ismos -ISM]
16. analogous adjective
The heart is analogous to a pump: similar, like, comparable, akin, equivalent, parallel, correlative, corresponding.
Antonyms: dissimilar, unlike; different, divergent
17. Anarchy Noun
1 Any form of government is better than anarchy: absence of government, disorder, lawlessness, chaos.
2 Anarchists dream of an ideal state of anarchy in which people will be completely free: utopia, the millennium.
Antonyms
1 order, discipline, authority; government, organization, control; regimentation, subjection.
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18. Anomalous
Adjective
1 An Eskimo in native dress would cut an anomalous figure in Rio: odd, strange, peculiar, incongruous, out of keeping,
bizarre.
2 Cats with six toes are anomalous but not uncommon: irregular, abnormal, atypical; monstrous.
Antonyms
1 common, usual, standard, typical, familiar, unexceptional, ordinary, natural, normal, regular, conventional, customary.
2 normal, typical.
19. Antipathy Noun
I try to be broadminded but do feel antipathy toward people who are dirty and unkempt: dislike, aversion, distaste;
disgust,
repulsion, loathing, repugnance, abhorrence; antagonism, animosity, ill will, enmity, rancor, hostility, unfriendliness.
Antonyms
affinity, fellow feeling, regard, sympathy, attraction, partiality; love, affection, attachment.
20. Apathy Noun
Public apathy can lead to bad government: indifference, unconcern, lack of interest, inattention, unresponsiveness,
passiveness, lethargy, lassitude; lack of feeling, numbness, emotionlessness, coolness, impassibility, impassivity.
Antonyms
Concern, interest, attention, responsiveness, action; emotion, feeling, excitement, passion, zeal, vehemence, enthusiasm,
fervor.
21. Appease Verb
1 Nothing would appease the crying baby: calm, make peaceful, pacify, quiet, soothe, solace, mollify, lull, compose,
placate.
2 That sandwich appeased my appetite: satisfy, ease, allay, abate, assuage, alleviate, temper, mitigate, relieve; slake,
quench, quell, blunt, still, quiet, dull.
3 Chamberlain should never have tried to appease Hitler: conciliate, accommodate, propitiate.
Antonyms
1,2,3 aggravate, provoke, inflame, arouse.
1 disturb, upset, bother, annoy, dissatisfy, perturb.
3 anger, enrage, infuriate; antagonize, Informal cross
22. Apprise Verb
Police should apprise an arrested person of his or her rights to remain silent and to be represented by a lawyer: inform,
notify, advise, tell, make acquainted, make aware, make cognizant of, disclose, enlighten.
Antonyms
Keep secret, keep quiet about.
23. Approbation Noun
The architect received approbation for his new office building design: praise, congratulation, compliment, good word,
applause, acclaim; approval, acceptance, support, endorsement, ratification, commendation, laudation, official sanction.
Antonyms
Censure, condemnation, criticism; disapproval, dissatisfaction, protest, rejection, veto.
24. Appropriate Adjective
1 A long dress is appropriate for a formal wedding: suitable, proper, well-suited, congruous, fitting, befitting, correct,
seemly, apt, apropos, well-chosen; characteristic, belonging, pertinent, relevant, germane, to the purpose, to the point,
opportune.
Verb
2 The city will appropriate money for two new schools: allocate, set apart, allot, apportion, assign, earmark.
3 The county should appropriate land for a new highway: take possession of, take, confiscate, expropriate.
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Antonyms
1 inappropriate, improper, ill-suited, unsuitable, unsuited, unfitting, incongruous, unbefitting, unseemly, incorrect,
wrong, inconsonant, incompatible, outr; uncharacteristic, out of place, inopportune, irrelevant.
2 withhold. 3 give, bestow, donate; relinquish, cede, dispose of.
25. Arduous Adjective
Crossing the continent in a covered wagon was an arduous undertaking: difficult, hard, laborious, toilsome, wearisome,
exhausting, fatiguing, tiring, burdensome, heavy, tough, troublesome, onerous, trying, full of hardships, formidable,
severe, Herculean; vigorous, strenuous, energetic.
Antonyms: Light, facile, easy, simple, effortless, smooth.
26. Artless Adjective
1 Her love was as artless as a child's: frank, candid, open, honest, true, guileless, innocent, nave, simple, humble,
straightforward; sincere, unpretentious, trusting, undesigning, open-hearted, ingenuous, unsophisticated, unaffected,
unselfconscious.
2 Nothing can compare to the artless beauty of a waterfall: natural, pure, unadorned, plain, simple, primitive, crude.
3 The painting was completely artless: inartistic, lacking art; without artistic talent, untalented.
Antonyms
1 cunning, crafty, sly, wily, dishonest, deceitful, designing, artful, insincere, pretended, faked, phony, false, counterfeit;
sophisticated, affected, self-conscious; suspicious, distrustful.
2 artificial, unnatural, synthetic.
3 artistic, aesthetic.
27.Ascetic Noun
1 Most of the early saints were extreme ascetics: self-denier, abstainer, self-mortifier; hermit, recluse, solitary, eremite,
anchorite, celibate, cenobite; religious, monk, nun, flagellant; yogi, fakir, dervish.
Adjective
2 Trappist monks lead an ascetic existence: austere, self-denying, abstemious, strict, stern, Spartan, rigorous,
selfmortifying.
Antonyms
1 hedonist, sensualist, voluptuary, sybarite, bon vivant.
2 self-indulgent, indulgent, pampered, luxurious, comfortable; abandoned, dissolute, voluptuous, sensuous, sensual,
sybaritic.
28. Assiduous Adjective
It takes assiduous work to learn Russian. I admire an assiduous student: diligent, industrious, hardworking, laborious,
unremitting, determined, persistent, persevering, earnest, steadfast, constant, tenacious, dogged, untiring, tireless,
unflagging, indefatigable, sed-ulous.
Antonyms
indolent, lazy, idle; haphazard, casual, cavalier, lax, hit-or-miss, undetermined, inconstant, happy-go lucky.
29. Assuage Verb
Liniment will assuage the pain, but soaking in hot water does the injury more good: allay, ease, relieve,
mitigate; lighten, lessen, soften; mollify, alleviate, soothe, calm, quiet, still, pacify, appease, temper, take the edge off,
tone down.
Antonyms
Intensify, aggravate, irritate, exacerbate, heighten, sharpen, increase, augment; provoke, excite, arouse, kindle, inflame.
30. attenuate Verb
1 The silversmith attenuated the ingot into one long thread: draw out, make thin, make fine, make slender, spin out.
2 Aspirin only attenuated the pain: weaken, reduce, diminish, lessen, decrease; dilute, water down, adulterate, impair,
enervate, enfeeble.
Antonyms
1 broadens, make thick, make coarse, make fat, enlarge, expand.
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2 increase, amplify, intensify, augment, strengthen, develop.
31. Audacious Adjective
1 Napoleon was an audacious leader: bold, daring, adventurous, venturesome, enterprising; brave, courageous, fearless,
unafraid, valiant, intrepid, dauntless, stouthearted, lionhearted, stalwart, valorous, plucky, Slang gutsy.
2 We admired the audacious feats of the trapeze artists: bold, daring, reckless, rash, risky, daredevil, devil-may-care,
deathdefying, breakneck; heedless, foolhardy, injudicious, imprudent, desperate, hotheaded, self-willed, wild.
3 Her audacious behavior shocked us all: impudent, impertinent, insolent, brazen, fresh, shameless, outrageous, defiant,
unabashed, presumptuous, assuming, forward, saucy, cheeky, bossy, pert; disrespectful, rude, discourteous.
Antonyms
1 unadventurous, unenterprising; cowardly, fainthearted, craven, frightened, timid, pusillanimous, Slang yellow,
chickenhearted, lily-livered. 2 careful, guarded, discreet; prudent, circumspect, cautious, judicious. 3 tactful, gracious,
unassuming, cordial, amiable, ingratiating, deferential, reverential, obsequious, Informal kowtowing; polite, courteous,
mannerly, well-mannered, gentlemanly, ladylike, refined, polished, formal.
32. austere Adjective
1 In the old days, schoolmasters were thought of as austere men: stern, strict, severe, forbidding, ascetic.
2 The Puritans led austere lives: rigorous, rigid, Spartan, ascetic, self-denying, abstemious, strict, simple, spare, stark,
strait-laced, chaste.
Antonyms
1 permissive, lenient, indulgent, easy, flexible, lax; frivolous, gay, cheerful, joyful, merry, lighthearted, jovial, jolly,
jaunty, nonchalant, lively, exuberant, vivacious, effervescent, high-spirited, playful, convivial; kindly, kind, sweet,
genial.
2 luxurious, lush, comfortable, easy; sophisticated, cosmopolitan; loose, corrupt, dissolute, dissipated, debauched,
degenerate, depraved, wanton, abandoned, self-gratifying, free-and-easy, immoral, wicked, evil, sinful, impure, lewd,
licentious, lascivious.
33. Autonomous Adjective
The school of adult education was an autonomous extension of the university: self-governing, self-determined; selfsufficient, self-reliant, independent, sovereign, free.
Antonyms
Governed, dependent, subject.
34. Aver Verb
The witness averred that he had seen the suspect at the scene of the crime: assert, declare, affirm, state, avow, avouch,
maintain, swear, insist, emphasize, contend, profess, represent, proclaim, pronounce, protest, asseverate; certify, verify,
guarantee.
Antonyms
Deny, disavow, disclaim, repudiate; doubt, be uncertain, gainsay.
35.Banal Adjective
There were no new ideas in his banal lecture: stale, trite, unoriginal, hackneyed, ordinary, commonplace, prosaic,
pedestrian, unexciting, unimaginative, everyday, stock, humdrum, dull, uninteresting, conventional, stereotyped, insipid,
threadbare, shopworn, tired, corny, clich-ridden, vapid, platitudinous, bromidic, jejune.
Antonyms
Original, new, novel, unique, exciting, fresh, unusual, extraordinary, innovative, distinctive, stimulating, stimulative,
gripping, provocative, challenging, imaginative, interesting.
36.Belie Verb
1 The facts belie your story: disprove, refute, contradict, controvert, repudiate, show to be false, give the lie to,
invalidate, gainsay, negate, betray, deny, defy.
2 The author's smile belied his anger with the critic: misrepresent, falsify; disguise, camouflage, mask, conceal, cloak.
Antonyms
1 proves, verify, attest to, validate, support, confirm, corroborate.
2 represent, reveal, disclose, indicate.
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37.Beneficent Adj. doing good or causing good to be done; charitable.
1.Beneficial Adjective
Exercise is beneficial to good health: helpful, advantageous, propitious, useful, valuable, contributive, favorable,
profitable, productive; healthful, healing, good for.
Antonyms
Useless, detrimental, detractive, disadvantageous; unfavorable, harmful, pernicious, unwholesome.
38. Bolster Verb

1 More timbers are needed to bolster the roof of the mine: support, brace, prop up, hold up, buttress, reinforce,
maintain, sustain, shore up, shoulder, cradle.
2 More facts are needed to bolster your argument: support, uphold, sustain, strengthen, reinforce, add to, help, aid,
assist.
Noun
3 Put the bolster on the couch: cushion, pillow.
Antonyms
1 weighs down.
2 diminish, lessen, weaken, tear down.
39. Bombastic Adjective
No one believed his bombastic claims: grandiloquent, pompous, windy, padded, inflated, magniloquent, tumid, turgid,
verbose, wordy.
Antonyms
Temperate, unpretentious, modest, natural, simple, unaffected, deflated, quiet.
40.Boorish Adjective
She considers the peasants boorish: crude, rude, coarse, vulgar, unrefined, unpolished, uncouth, gauche, loutish, oafish,
rustic, peasantlike.
Antonyms
Genteel, polite, polished, cultured, refined, cultivated, gentlemanly, courtly, gallant, lady-like; sophisticated, urbane,
cosmopolitan.
41.Burgeon Verb
Housing developments are burgeoning on all sides. Spring has begun to burgeon in every valley and glade: thrive,
flourish, expand, enlarge, grow, develop, mushroom, escalate, wax, increase, spring up, shoot up, proliferate, augment,
spread; bloom, blossom, flower, blow, effloresce, open, fructify, bear fruit.
42.Burnish Verb
The silver bracelet was burnished to a bright finish: polish, wax, buff, shine, smooth, and rub up.
Antonyms
Abrade, scratch, mar.
43.Buttress Noun
1 The north wall of the cathedral had a beautiful stone buttress: support, brace, prop, stanchion, abutment, arch, stay,
and shoulder.
Verb
2 Buttress that fence with some two-by-fours. You'd better buttress your argument with more facts: prop, prop up, brace,
shore, shore up, reinforce, strengthen, bolster, support, boost, steel.
44.Cacophonous Adjective
The cacophonous sounds of the street came through the open window: dissonant, inharmonious, harsh, raucous,
discordant, unmusical, unmelodious, strident, screechy, jarring, grating, disharmonious, non-melodious; out of tune, offkey, offpitch.
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45.Capricious Adjective
The capricious man bought and exchanged three shirts in a week: changeable, fickle, variable, impulsive, erratic,
flighty, skittish, mercurial, fanciful, faddish; indecisive, undecided, irresolute, uncertain, wavering, vacillating, shillyshallying; irresponsible, inconsistent, unsteady, unstable, fitful, uneven, eccentric, quirky.
Antonyms
Consistent, unchangeable, inflexible, unmovable, firm, fixed, unwavering, invariable, unswerving; resolute, determined,
steadfast, certain, decided, decisive; serious, responsible, steady, stable, even.
46.Castigate Verb
The principal castigated the students for their unruly behavior: chastise, upbraid, rebuke, censure, reprimand, reproach,
chasten, reprove, berate, scold, admonish, criticize, chide, call on the carpet, bawl out, chew out, dress down, haul over
the coals, take to task; punish, discipline, correct, penalize.
Antonyms
Praise, laud, compliment, honor; reward, encourage.
47. Catalyst
1. a substance that causes or speeds a chemical reaction without itself being affected.
2. a person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
48.Caustic Adjective
1 Acid is caustic: burning, corrosive, corroding, erosive; astringent, stinging, biting, gnawing, sharp.
2 His caustic remarks hurt our feelings: sarcastic, biting, stinging, cutting, scathing, sharp, harsh, acrid, acrimonious,
tart, bitter.
Antonyms
1 soothing, healing; bland, mild.
2 flattering, complimentary; sweet, kind, loving, pleasant, pleasing, gentle, gracious, agreeable, mild, bland.
49. Chicanery Noun
There was some chicanery with our reservations, and we complained to the travel agent: deception, trickery, fraud,
deceit, cozenage, gulling, guile, hocus-pocus, double-dealing, duplicity, duping, subterfuge, hoodwinking, pettifoggery,
humbuggery; knavery, roguery, rascality, villainy.
50.Coagulate Verb
Certain drugs cause blood to coagulate: clot, congeal; solidify, set, gel, jell, jellify, harden, curdle; thicken.
Antonyms
Liquefy, melt, dissolve, and soften.
51. Coda
1. A concluding passage of a musical composition.
2. A concluding section, esp. one serving as a summation of preceding themes, as in a drama.
3. Anything that serves as a conclusion or summation.
52. Cogent Adjective
He gave us several cogent reasons why the plan would inevitably fail: compelling, valid, persuasive, forceful, powerful,
potent, trenchant, convincing, well-founded, incontrovertible, sound, meritorious, weighty, effective, undeniable,
wellgrounded.
Antonyms
Unconvincing, unsound, dubious, implausible, improbable.
53. Commensurate also commensurable Adjective
Her salary is commensurate with her ability and experience: in accord, consistent, in agreement, suitable, fitting,
appropriate, compatible, corresponding, proportionate, comparable, on a proper scale, relative, equal, equivalent, even,
balanced, meet, parallel, relative, square.
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Antonyms
Inconsistent, unsuitable, inappropriate, unfitting, incompatible, dissimilar, incomparable, unequal, discordant.
54. Compendium Noun
It was fascinating to browse through the compendium of quotations: digest, abridgment, condensation, abstract, brief,
epitome, overview, prcis, summary.
55. Complaisant Adjective
The host's complaisant manner made everyone feel welcome: obliging, solicitous, pleasing, agreeable, compliant,
cordial, congenial, affable, warm, gracious, friendly, pleasant, amiable, good-natured, good humored, easygoing.
Antonyms
Unobliging, contrary, unsolicitous, uncooperative, indifferent; disagreeable, unpleasant, cold, unfriendly, ungracious.
56. Compliance Noun
Compliance with the traffic laws is necessary for safe driving. Yes-men are known for their compliance: conformity,
conforming, obedience, yielding, giving in, submission, deference; assent, acquiescence, complaisance, pliancy,
nonresistance, passivity, docility, meekness.
Antonyms
noncompliance, nonconformity, disobedience, resistance, rebelliousness, assertiveness, individuality, stubbornness;
obstinacy.
57. Conciliatory Adjective
One conciliatory remark would make them friends again: peacemaking, reconciling, friendly, reassuring, placatory,
pacifying, mollifying, accommodative, appeasing.
Antonyms
Antagonistic, hostile, unfriendly, unforgiving.
58. Condone Verb
Parents must not condone their children's bad behavior: overlook, let pass, ignore, disregard, put up with, wink at;
forgive, excuse, pardon, justify, absolve, forget.
Antonyms
Condemn, denounce, censure, disapprove; punish, castigate.
59. Confound Verb
The patient's unusual symptoms confounded the doctor: perplex, confuse, baffle, bewilder, puzzle, mystify, mix up,
disconcert, unsettle, nonplus, rattle, fluster, throw off the scent; amaze, astound, astonish, surprise, startle, dumfound,
flabbergast, strike with wonder.
Antonyms
Enlighten, explain, solve, clear up, clarify.
60. Connoisseur Noun
The old gentleman was a connoisseur of fine wines: expert, judge, authority, mavin, person of good taste,
cognoscente; epicure, gourmet.
61. Contention Noun
1 Border raiding led to even more contention: struggle, strife, conflict, combat, altercation, feud, wrangle, rivalry,
contest; argument, debate, dispute, disagreement, controversy, dispute, dissension, falling out, opposition, discord.
2 It was his contention that she was lazy: allegation, charge, assertion, claim, position, point.
Antonyms
1 peace; accord, agreement.
62. Contentious
1. tending to argument or strife; quarrelsome: a contentious crew.
2. causing, involving, or characterized by argument or controversy: contentious issues.
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3. pertaining to causes between contending parties involved in litigation.
63. Contrite Adjective
His contrite manner made us forgives him: conscience-stricken, sorrowful, regretful, repentant, rueful, penitent,
remorseful, apologetic, chastened, humbled.
Antonyms
proud, pleased, uncontrite, unrepentant, unapologetic.
64. Conundrum
Noun
No one in the room could find the answer to the conundrum: puzzle, riddle, enigma, mystery, poser, puzzler, paradox,
arcanum, brain-teaser, stumper, stopper, Chinese puzzle, rebus, problem.
65. Converge Verb
The Mississippi and Missouri rivers converge at St. Louis. A lens converges light rays: come together, meet, approach;
focus, concentrate, bring together.
Antonyms
Diverge, separate, part, scatter, disperse.
66. Convolution Noun
The children were fascinated by the convolutions of the snake: coiling, coil, twisting, twist, winding, undulation,
contortion; sinuosity, sinuousness, tortuousness; maze, labyrinth.
Antonyms
Uncoiling, unwinding.
67. Craven Adjective
Refusing to stand and fight was a craven thing to do: cowardly, dastardly, pusillanimous; timid, timorous, fearful,
frightened, scared; Slang yellow, lily-livered, chicken-hearted; mean-spirited, base, low, lowdown.
Antonyms
Brave, courageous, heroic, fearless, valorous, valiant, dauntless; bold, daring, audacious.
68. Daunt Verb
Crossing the country in wagons did not daunt the early pioneers: intimidate, dismay, faze, discourage, dishearten,
deject, depress, dash, unnerve, subdue, browbeat, cow, abash, menace, threaten; frighten, scare, alarm, affright.
Antonyms
Embolden, encourage, cheer, animate, enliven.
69. Decorum Noun
Jennifer always acts with decorum: propriety, politeness; tact, gentility, respectability, dignity, taste; good form.
Antonyms
Impropriety, inappropriate behavior, bad manners.
70. default noun
1 If the team doesn't show up, they will lose by default: failure to appear or act.
2 His car was repossessed because of default of the monthly installment: nonpayment; failure to pay.
71. Deference Noun
Out of deference to her age and position, the committee followed her suggestions: consideration, respect, reverence,
honor, esteem, regard; obedience, capitulation.
Antonyms
Disrespect, contempt; defiance, disobedience.
72. delineate
1. to trace the outline of; represent pictorially.
2. to portray in words; describe with precision.
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73. Denigrate Verb
He has a mentality that denigrates everything it doesn't understand: defame, malign, slander, tear down, abuse,
stigmatize, tra-duce, disparage, run down, besmirch, downgrade, blacken, call names, calumniate, backbite, smear,
vilify, revile, asperse, soil, sully; Slang give a black eye, drag through the mud, stab in the back, badmouth, dump on.
Antonyms
Praise, commend, acclaim, exalt, boost.
75. Deride Verb
They derided the new music: ridicule, mock, scoff, scorn, sneer at.
76. Derivative Adjective
1 The derivative essay received low marks: derived, unoriginal, borrowed, copied, evolved, imitative, inferred, not
original, obtained, plagiarized, rehashed, secondhand.
Noun
2 offshoot, outgrowth, byproduct, derivation, descendant, product, spinoff.
Antonyms
1 original, archetypal, authentic, genuine, seminal.
77. Desiccate
1. to dry thoroughly; dry up.
2. to preserve (food) by removing moisture; dehydrate.
v.i.
3. to become thoroughly dried.
[156575; < L desiccatus dried up, ptp. of desiccare = de- + siccare, der. of siccus dry]
78. Desultory
1. lacking in consistency, method, purpose, or visible order; disconnected: desultory conversation.
2. digressing from or unconnected with the main subject: a desultory remark.
78.deterrent Noun
Punishment is not necessarily a deterrent to crime: restraint, curb, hindrance, check, discouragement.
79. Diatribe Noun
In her diatribe she gave full vent to all her resentments against him: verbal or written castigation, bitter harangue,
tirade, violent denunciation, stream of abuse, accusatory language, invective, vituperation, contumely.
80. Dichotomy
dichotomy (di kot"* me), n., pl. -mies.
1. division into two parts or kinds; subdivision into halves or pairs.
2. division into two exclusive, opposed, or contradictory groups: a dichotomy between thought and action.
3. a mode of branching by constant forking, as in some stems.
4. the phase of the moon or of an inferior planet when half of its disk is visible.
81.diffidence Noun
His diffidence keeps him from making friends: timidity, timidness, timorousness, shyness, meekness, insecurity, retiring
disposition, reserve, constraint, introversion; bashfulness, extreme modesty, humbleness, want of self-confidence,
unassertiveness, sheepishness, lack of self-assurance; hesitancy, reluctance.
Antonyms
Boldness, audaciousness, forwardness, assertiveness, aggressiveness; self-confidence, confidence.
82.Diffuse Adjective
1 The room was bathed in soft, diffuse light: scattered, spread out, unconcentrated, dispersed, extended widely; vaguely
defined.
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2 His talk was so diffuse I missed his point: wordy, verbose, discursive, rambling, long-winded, lacking conciseness,
disjointed, digressive, not concentrated, desultory, roundabout, wandering, meandering, maundering, circumlocutory.
Antonyms
1 concentrated.
2 succinct, concise, terse, pithy, compact; methodical, organized.
83.Digression Noun
His long digression made him forget his main point: divergence, departure, deviation, detour, straying, wandering;
diversion, obiter dictum, side remark, divagation.
84.dirge Noun
He composed a dirge to honor the war dead: funeral song, requiem, death song, death march, lament, burial hymn,
threnody, mournful composition; mournful sound.
85. Disabuse Verb
Someone ought to disabuse him of those star-struck notions: enlighten about, free from error, clear the mind of,
disillusion, disenchant, rid of deception, relieve of, set straight, set right, open the eyes of, free of a mistaken belief.
86. Discerning Adjective
The mediator was discerning in his analysis of the problem: perceptive, acute, perspicacious, sharp, astute, penetrating,
keen-sighted, sensitive, piercing, discriminating, shrewd, intelligent, wise, judicious, sage, sagacious, clear-sighted,
sharpsighted; showing discernment, quick to discern, having keen insight.
Antonyms
Undiscerning, unperceptive, indiscriminate.
87. discordant
1. being at variance; disagreeing; incongruous.
2. disagreeable to the ear; dissonant; harsh.
88. discredit verb
1 She discredited his good name with ugly gossip: defame, abuse, dishonor, impair the reputation of, disgrace, vilify,
disparage, smirch, smear, debase, degrade, demean, vitiate, tarnish, taint, undermine, slur, sully, stigmatize, drag
through the mud.
2 The insurance investigator discredited his false claim: prove false, deny, disallow, disprove, reject; destroy
confidence in, shake one's faith in, undermine belief in; dispute, challenge, question.
Antonyms
1 credit, praise, laud.
2 credit, prove, support, accept, verify.
89. discrepancy noun
There is a great discrepancy between his version of the accident and yours: difference, inconsistency, variance,
disagreement, discordance, lack of correspondence, disparity, dissimilarity, divergence, incongruity, gap.
Antonyms correspondence, accord.
90. Discrete Adjective
The Liberal Arts College has been reorganized into six discrete departments: separate, distinct, different, detached,
disconnected, discontinuous, disjunctive, unattached, independent, unassociated; several, various.
Antonyms
Merged, combined, interdependent, united, linked, connected.
91.disingenuous Adjective
Their disingenuous protests irritated us: dishonest, insincere, artful, cunning, designing, duplicitous, false, feigned,
guileful, shifty, sly, wily, two-faced, tricky.
Antonyms: Ingenuous.
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92. Disinterested Adjective
We need a disinterested party to settle the argument: impartial, unbiased, neutral, free from bias, unprejudiced,
impersonal, outside, uninvolved, dispassionate, free from self-interest.
Antonyms
Partial, biased, prejudiced, selfish, having an axe to grind.
93.Disjointed Adjective
1 The structure of the house seemed somehow disjointed: disconnected, detached, having the joints separated,
unconnected, unattached, split, divided, apart, disarticulated, helter-skelter.
2 The movie was too disjointed to make sense: rambling, mixed-up, confused, spasmodic, disconnected, disorganized,
jumbled, tangled, chaotic, disharmonious, discontinuous, heterogeneous, incoherent, irrational, illogical.
Antonyms
1 jointed, connected, attached.
2 sensible, coherent, logical.
94. dismiss verb
1 The workers were dismissed for lunch. Dismiss the meeting: allow to leave, permit to go, release, excuse, send forth,
let go, disperse; dissolve, adjourn, disband; free, liberate.
2 She was dismissed for loafing on the job: fire, oust, discharge from office, put out of a job, sack, can, let go, terminate,
remove from service, bounce, send packing, give one his walking papers, cashier, Slang pink-slip, give the heave-ho.
3 I trust her and dismiss any suggestion of dishonesty: put out of mind, reject, set aside, disregard, disclaim, discard, lay
aside, repudiate, eliminate.
Antonyms
1 hold, detain, recall.
2 hire, employ, accept, admit.
95. Disparage Verb
Don't disparage his attempts to better himself: belittle, ridicule, discredit, run down, put down, mock, denigrate,
demean, undervalue, underrate, depreciate, slight, detract from, derogate.
Antonyms: Applaud, praise, laud, extol, acclaim, commend, compliment, appreciate.
96. disparate adjective
Their views are unusually disparate for brothers: dissimilar, different, unlike, contrasting, at odds, at variance,
discrepant, discordant.
Antonyms: similar, like, homogeneous, parallel, accord-ant.
97. dissemble verb
He tried to dissemble his disappointment with a joke: hide, mask, disguise, camouflage, feign, conceal.
Antonyms: show, manifest, evidence, reveal.
98. disseminate verb
Plato's philosophy has been disseminated throughout the world: scatter, spread, diffuse, disperse, circulate, broadcast.
99.Dissolute Adjective
He was a dissolute young man who thought only of his own pleasure: dissipated, corrupt, loose, debauched, immoral;
unrestrained, abandoned.
Antonyms: moral, upright, temperate, sober, prudent, circumspect.
100. Dissonance Noun
1 The experimental music seemed nothing but dissonance to us: discord, cacophony, discordance, harshness, jangle,
jarring, noise.
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2 Dissonance in the merged companies broke out almost at once: disharmony, antagonism, breach, break, conflict,
disagreement, discord, disparity, dissension, dissidence, disunion, division, divorce, hostility, incongruity,
inconsistency, rift, rupture, schism, variance.
101. distend verb
The children's stomachs were distended by malnutrition: swell, bloat, swell out, expand, bulge, inflate, billow, puff out.
102. distill verb
1 The liquid distills when heated: evaporate, condense, vaporize.
2 Whiskey is distilled from a fermented mash of grain. Impurities are removed by distilling water: separate by
evaporation, produce by vaporization and condensation, purify by distillation; extract, draw out, draw forth.
103. diverge verb
1 The path diverges right after the pond: separate, deviate, split off, swerve, deflect.
2 Her politics and mine diverge greatly: differ, conflict, disagree, be at odds.
Antonyms: converges, agree, concur.
103. divest verb
1 He divested himself of his clothing: strip or remove (clothing), disrobe; take off, get out of, peel off.
2 During the Depression, the family was divested of its home: deprive, dispossess; rid, strip, free.
Antonyms
1 clothe, dress, cover.
104. document noun
1 There are many documents containing the king's signature: official paper, record, instrument, legal form.
verb
2 The lawyer gathered evidence to document the charges: support, back up, give weight to, verify, certify, substantiate.
105. dogmatic adjective
1 She's so dogmatic you can't tell her anything: opinionated, arbitrary, biased, prejudiced; imperious, dictatorial,
domineering; stubborn, obstinate.
2 The Nicene Creed is one of the most important dogmatic statements of the Christian faith: doctrinal, expressing
dogma.
Antonyms: diffident, vacillating, uncertain; docile, complaisant.
106. dormant adjective
The geyser has been dormant for five years: inactive, quiescent, idle; sleeping, somnolent; hibernating.
Antonyms: active, operative, moving, awake.
107. dupe noun
1 He was the dupe of the racketeers and may go to prison: pawn, patsy, fall guy, cat's paw, Slang sucker.
verb
2 The agency duped her into signing up for $200 worth of lessons: trick, fool, mislead, deceive; humbug, bamboozle,
hoodwink.
108. ebullience noun
Her ebullience could not be denied: enthusiasm, exuberance, animation, buoyancy, effervescence, effusiveness, elation,
excitement, exhilaration, vitality, vivaciousness, vivacity, liveliness, high spirits.
Antonyms: apathy, lifelessness.
109. eclectic adjective
The disc jockey played an eclectic selection of music: mixed, assorted, catholic, diverse, heterogeneous, multifarious,
wideranging, varied, general.
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110. efficacious adjective
None of the prescriptions were efficacious: effective, capable, successful, serviceable, effectual, efficient.
Antonyms: ineffective.
111. effrontery Noun
What effrontery to barge in uninvited!: shamelessness, brazenness, brashness, impertinence, insolence, impudence,
presumption, arrogance, audacity, temerity, cheek, nerve, gall, brass, Yiddish chutzpah.
Antonyms: modesty, reserve, shyness, timidity, bashfulness; respect, diffidence.
112. Elegy Noun
The poet laureate composed an elegy upon the death of the king: poem of lamentation, lament for the dead, melancholy
poem, sad poem; requiem, funeral song, song of lamentation, melancholy piece of music.
Antonyms: Paean, jubilee, hallelujah, anthem.
113. elicit verb
The mayor's remark elicited a flood of letters: bring forth, draw forth, draw out, call forth, evoke, extract, exact, extort,
derive, wrest, fetch, cause, educe, bring to light.
Antonyms: repress, discourage.
114. Embellish Verb
He embellished his signature with a series of curlicues: enhance, elaborate, exaggerate, ornament, decorate, adorn,
beautify, garnish, gild, color, embroider, dress up, fancy up, set off, Slang gussy up.
Antonyms: Simplify, strip bare.
115. empirical adjective
The old sailor had never studied navigation, but he had a good empirical knowledge of it: practical, experiential,
pragmatic; experimental, firsthand.
Antonyms: theoretical, secondhand.
116. emulate verb
Politicians would do well to emulate Abraham Lincoln: take as a model, follow the example of, pattern oneself after,
follow, copy, imitate; try to equal, rival; mimic, ape.
117.endemic Noun
1. A disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a
particular location
Adjective
1. (of disease or anything resembling a disease) constantly present to greater or lesser extent in a particular locality.
2. (ecology) native to or confined to a certain region
3. Originating where it is found
118. enervate verb
The long march in the sun enervated the soldiers: exhaust, weary, weaken, de-bilitate, devitalize, enfeeble, disable, sap
one's energy, deplete, wash out, fatigue, tire, prostrate, Slang bush, fag, tucker.
Antonyms: energize, invigorate, strengthen, vitalize, stimulate, quicken.
119. engender verb
Respect can engender love: give rise to, cause, bring about, beget, breed, generate, produce, occasion, precipitate.
Antonyms: kill, end, crush.
120. enhance verb
The splendid dress enhanced her beauty: intensify, heighten, magnify, make more attractive, make more appealing;
elevate, lift, raise, boost; redouble, embellish, augment, add to, complement.
Antonyms: diminish, reduce, lessen, decrease, minimize, depreciate, detract from.
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121. ephemeral adjective
There is no point in lamenting the ephemeral joys of youth: brief, temporary, transient, short-lived, temporal, transitory,
fleeting, impermanent, evanescent, momentary, passing, fugitive, unenduring, nondurable, inconstant, fly-by-night,
flitting, fugacious.
Antonyms: permanent, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual, abiding.
122. equanimity noun
We must keep our equanimity during times of crisis: calmness, composure, self-possession, steadiness, poise, aplomb,
coolness, imperturbability, presence of mind, self-control, tranquillity, sangfroid, Informal cool.
Antonyms: panic, hysteria, disquiet, perturbation, agitation, discomposure.
123. equivocate verb
Please stop equivocating and give me a straight answer: evade, avoid the issue, hedge, stall, dodge, beat around the
bush, fudge, pussyfoot, be ambiguous, mince words, prevaricate, straddle the fence.
124. erudite adjective
The professor was an erudite man. The TV newscaster was known for his erudite comments: learned, well-informed,
welleducated, well-versed, literate, well-read, cultured, cultivated, scholarly, thoughtful, intelligent, well-reasoned,
wise, sapient.
Antonyms: uninformed, uneducated, illiterate, unscholarly; shallow, unthinking; rash, ill-advised.
125. esoteric adjective
1 Some fields of science seem hopelessly esoteric to the layman: incomprehensible, abstruse, recondite, arcane, cryptic,
enigmatic, inscrutable, mysterious, obscure.
2 The tribe has an esoteric ritual that no outsider may witness: secret, undisclosed, private, confidential, inviolable,
hidden, concealed, covert, veiled, cloaked; mystical, occult.
Antonyms
1 obvious, clear, plain, simple.
2 public, open, exoteric.
126. eulogy Noun
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is a great eulogy: oration of praise, praise of the dead, encomium, panegyric; high praise,
tribute, homage, hosanna, acclamation, laudation, citation, paean, plaudit.
Antonyms: condemnation, criticism; vilification, defamation, aspersion, calumny, slander, libel.
127. euphemism Noun
"Maiden lady" is a euphemism for "old maid": mild expression, restrained expression, inoffensive expression, delicate
term, refined term; prudish phrase, overdelicacy, overrefinement, prudishness.
128. Exacerbate Verb
Offering your opinion will only exacerbate the situation: aggravate, exaggerate, intensify, inflame, heighten, worsen,
magnify, sharpen, deepen, fan the flames, pour oil on the fire, add fuel to the flames, rub salt into the wound, add insult
to injury.
Antonyms: relieve, soothe, comfort, alleviate, assuage, mollify.
129. exculpate Verb
Pronounce not guilty of criminal charges: acquit, assoil, clear, discharge, exonerate.
130.Exigency Noun
1 A ship's captain must be able to cope with any exigency: emergency, contingency, crisis, circumstance, predicament,
quandary, plight, strait, extremity, difficulty, hardship; Slang pickle, pinch, scrape, fix, jam.
2 We have to cope with the exigencies of daily living: requirements, necessities, demands, needs, constraints, urgencies.
131. extrapolate
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1. to infer (an unknown) from something that is known; conjecture.
2. to estimate (the value of a statistical variable) outside the tabulated or observed range.
3. Math. to estimate (a function that is known over a range of values of its independent variable) to values outside the
known range.
4. to perform extrapolation.
132. facetious adjective
He kept us laughing with his facetious remarks: humorous, funny, amusing, jocular, joking, jovial, jesting, witty, clever,
jocose, droll, comic, comical, playful, wisecracking.
Antonyms solemn, serious, sober, lugubrious, grave, sedate, staid, sad, dull.
133. facilitate verb
An addressing machine facilitates the handling of bulk mail: expedite, speed up, accelerate, ease, simplify, help in,
make less difficult, make easier, assist the progress of, lessen the labor of, lighten, smooth; forward, help to advance,
promote, further, advance, aid, foster.
Antonyms: hinder, hamper, complicate, encumber, slow down.
134. Fallacious Adjective
The rumors were patently fallacious: incorrect, false, deceptive, erroneous, deluding, fictitious, illusory, fraudulent,
invalid, mistaken, misleading, off, sophistic, spurious, unfounded, ungrounded, wrong, unsound, untrue.
135. Fatuous
Adjective
She's so fatuous she thinks all the fellows are flirting with her: foolish, inane, silly, vacant in mind, simple, stupid,
brainless, witless, vapid, vacuous, asinine, imbecile, idiotic, puerile, obtuse, besotted, senseless, moronic, ridiculous.
Antonyms: sensible, prudent, judicious, wise, sage, sapient, clever, bright, intelligent, smart, witty
136. Fawning Adjective
In the movie he played a fawning courtier: sycophantic, obsequious, compliant, bootlicking, cowering, servile, cringing,
deferential, crawling, flattering, ingratiating, scraping, kowtowing, subservient, submissive.
137. Felicitous Adjective
1 Champagne is for weddings and other felicitous occasions: happy, joyful, joyous, fortunate, propitious.
2 The young man searched hard for a felicitous last line to his poem: apt, appropriate, suitable, relevant, pertinent,
germane, fitting, well-chosen, well-put, well-said, pleasing, happy, inspired; effective.
Antonyms
1 infelicitous, solemn, inappropriate.
2 infelicitous, awkward, clumsy, unfortunate.
138.fervor Noun
The pilgrims arrived at the shrine and offered their prayers with fervor: ardor, passion, intensity, earnestness,
vehemence, verve, zeal, animation, gusto, fire, enthusiasm, heartiness, eagerness, zest, warmth; piety, devoutness,
seriousness, purposefulness.
Antonyms
boredom, ennui, apathy, detachment, dispassion.
139. flag noun
1 The country's flag was displayed in every window: banner, emblem, standard, ensign, streamer, pennant, colors; (in
the U.S.) stars and stripes, Old Glory, stars and bars; (in Great Britain) Union Jack.
verb
2 The highway patrol flagged us away from the accident: signal, warn, wave.
3 My energy flagged after climbing all those steps: decline, grow weak, wilt, give way, languish; grow spiritless, fall off
in vigor, abate, slump, succumb, subside, sag, pall; fade, grow weary, tire, totter, dodder; faint, sink, ebb, wane, fail.
Antonyms
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3 freshen, recover, brace up.
140. Fledgling Noun
As a pilot, he's still a fledgling: inexperienced person, novice, beginner, tyro, freshman, apprentice; Informal greenhorn,
tenderfoot.
141. Flout Verb
She flouted convention by wearing black at her wedding: scorn, show contempt for, scoff at, spurn, laugh at, jeer at,
gibe at, sneer at, defy, treat with disdain, mock, poke fun at; twit, taunt, chaff, rag, insult.
Antonyms
Revere; regard, respect, esteem.
142.foment verb
He did his best to foment a quarrel between the brothers: stir up, incite, foster, promote, instigate, provoke, urge, excite,
stimulate, galvanize, foster; rouse, arouse, kindle, inflame, spur, goad, agitate; irritate, aggravate, exacerbate, quicken,
fan the fire, fan into flame, blow the coals.
Antonyms
Quell, suppress, repress, quench; check, curb, restrain; allay, discourage, destroy, extinguish, extirpate.
143. forestall verb
Labor and management have agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby fore-stalling a strike: prevent, thwart, ward off,
avert, deter, avoid, head off, circumvent; counteract, block, preclude, obviate; anticipate, guard against; Informal steal a
march on, beat to the punch.
144. frugality noun
In middle age he was known for extreme frugality: carefulness, economizing, conservation, moderation, economy,
prudence, scrimping, saving, thrift, stinginess, miserliness, avariciousness, parsimony
145. futile adjective
His efforts to save the business were futile: useless, fruitless, vain, profitless, idle, worthless, valueless, bootless,
unprofitable; ineffective, ineffectual, unsuccessful, unavailing, abortive, nugatory; trifling, trivial, insignificant, empty,
petty, frivolous, unimportant.
Antonyms
effective, fruitful, successful; profitable, useful, worthy; important, significant.
146. gainsay
1. to deny; dispute; contradict.
2. to speak or act against; oppose.
147. garrulous
adjective
She's so garrulous you can't get a word in edgewise: talkative, effusive, loquacious; wordy, windy, verbose, longwinded;
gabby, voluble, chattery, chatty, prattling, prating, babbling; gossipy.
Antonyms
reticent, taciturn, quiet, reserved, closemouthed; terse, concise.
148. goad noun
1 The drovers used goads to keep the herd moving: prod, cattle prod, prick, pointed stick.
2 Fear of failure can be a goad to hard work: incentive, stimulus, stimulant, motive, motivation, driving motive,
pressure, spur; inducement, encouragement, instigation, whet, fillip.
verb
3 His wife goaded him to ask for a raise: prod, urge, exhort, constrain, incite, spur, push, pressure, drive, stir up, arouse,
Slang egg on; stimulate, impel, propel, move, press, set on.
Antonyms
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2 detriment, curb.
3 deter, keep back, hold back.
149. gouge
gouge (gouj), n., v., gouged, gouging.
n.
1. a chisel having a partly cylindrical blade with the bevel on either the concave or the convex side.
2. an act of gouging.
3. a hole made by gouging.
4. an act of extortion; swindle.
5. a. a layer of decomposed rocks or minerals found along the walls of a vein.
b. fragments of rock that have accumulated between or along the walls of a fault.
v.t.
6. to scoop out or turn with or as if with a gouge.
7. to dig or force out with or as if with a gouge (often fol. by out ).
8. to make a gouge in: to gouge one's leg.
9. to extort from or overcharge.
v.i.
10. to engage in extortion or swindling.
goug"er, n.
150. Grandiloquent
Adjective
The grandiloquent speech went on for over an hour: high-flown, high-sounding, flowery, florid, grandiose, pompous,
pretentious, bombastic, inflated, turgid, swollen, stilted; magniloquent, lofty, rhetorical; Slang highfalutin.
Antonyms
Simple, direct, unaffected, plain-spoken, matter-of-fact, low-keyed; base, lowly.
151. gregarious
adjective
A gregarious person loves parties: sociable, social, genial, outgoing, convivial, extroverted, companionable, affable,
friendly; vivacious, lively, talkative.
Antonyms
unsociable, solitary, reclusive, introverted, retiring, shy.
152. guileless
adjective
The child gave a guileless answer to the question: straightforward, candid, frank, open, natural, honest, sincere, truthful,
aboveboard; artless, undesigning; ingenuous, naive, unsophisticated, innocent, simple, unaffected, unselfconscious;
harmless, innocuous, unoffending.
Antonyms: sly, cunning, deceitful, crafty, tricky, deceptive, artful; treacherous, fraudulent
153. Gullible
Adjective
The youth was so gullible he bought the Brooklyn Bridge from a con man!: easily fooled, easily deceived, easily
cheated, easily duped; overtrusting, unsuspicious, credulous, trusting, trustful; naive, innocent, unsophisticated,
inexperienced, green, simple.
Antonyms
Cynical, suspicious, untrusting, hard to convince; sophisticated, worldly.
154. harangue
harangue (h* rang"), n., v., -rangued, -ranguing.
n.
1. a scolding or a verbal attack; diatribe.
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2. a long, passionate, and vehement speech, esp. one delivered before a public gathering.
3. any long, pompous speech or writing of a tediously hortatory or didactic nature; sermonizing discourse.
155. homogeneous
adjective
It was a homogeneous crowd of teenage girls, all wearing jeans and sweaters: of the same kind, all alike, of a piece;
uniform, unmixed, unvarying, unadulterated; consistent, constant, pure; akin, kindred, similar, identical.
Antonyms
heterogeneous, mixed, varied, varying, variegated, different, diverse, divers, various, divergent.
156. hyperbole noun
"She's as big as a house" is an example of hyperbole: overstatement, exaggeration, enlargement, magnification,
extravagant statement, figurative statement, stretch of the imagination; figure of speech, metaphor.
Antonyms: Understatement.
157. iconoclast noun
He's an iconoclast who will have nothing to do with organized religion: dissenter, rebel, nonconformist, upstart, radical,
revolutionary.
Antonyms: conformist, assenter.
158. idolatry noun
1 Idolatry was commonplace in many early pagan religions: worship of an object, image-worship, reverence of idols,
idolization.
2 Only a millionaire could satisfy that woman's idolatry of jewels: inordinate love, worship, adoration, obsession,
preoccupation, excessive fondness, passion, devotion, veneration, single-minded attention, infatuation, senseless
attachment, madness, mania.
159.immutable
Adjective
Platinum is one of the most immutable of metals: unchanging, unchangeable, changeless, unvarying, unaltered,
unalterable,
incontrovertible, unmodifiable, intransmutable; permanent, lasting, enduring, stable; firm, fixed, solid, constant,
inflexible.
Antonyms
Changeable, unstable, alterable, flexible, variable.
160. impair
verb
The water shortage impaired the city's fire-fighting capacity: hinder, damage, mar, hurt, vitiate, harm, cripple, subvert,
injure,
lessen, weaken, enfeeble, decrease, undercut, detract from, reduce; enervate, debilitate, worsen.
Antonyms
improve, amend; repair; better, ameliorate, enhance, facilitate, increase.
161. impassive
adjective
The moderator maintained an impassive manner throughout the furious debate: emotionless, unemotional, unmoved,
imperturbable, dispassionate, aloof, stoical, untouched, stony, calm, cool, sedate, reserved, unperturbed, unimpressible,
inscrutable, impervious, stolid, apathetic, phlegmatic, unimpressionable, insensible, indifferent.
Antonyms
responsive, emotional, passionate, excited, perturbed.
162. impede
verb
A lumber shortage impeded construction on the house: delay, slow down, block, interfere with, interrupt, check, retard,
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obstruct, hinder, thwart, frustrate, inhibit, arrest, sidetrack, stall, stymie, deter, hamper, hold back, halter, disrupt.
Antonyms
assist, promote, advance, further, forward; help, aid.
163. impermeable
impermeable (im pr"me * b*l), adj.
1. not permeable; impassable.
2. (of porous substances, rocks, etc.) not permitting the passage of a fluid.
[16901700; < LL]
imper'meabil"ity, imper"meableness, n.
imper"meably, adv.
164. imperturbable
adjective
The usually imperturbable man showed signs of fear: unexcitable, calm, collected, cool, serene, undisturbed, unruffled,
dispassionate, unflustered, levelheaded, sedate, composed; unsusceptible, impervious, impassive, unanxious, unfazable;
Slang unflappable.
Antonyms
perturbable, choleric, touchy.
165. impervious
adjective
1 The firemen wore masks that were impervious to the acrid smoke: impenetrable, impermeable, inaccessible, allowing
no
passage to, unapproachable; sealed or closed against; invulnerable.
2 The beautiful actress seemed impervious to the usual ravages of age: immune to, protected against; untouched by,
unmarked by.
3 The stubborn man seemed impervious to reason: unmoved by, unaffected by, untouched by, invulnerable, closed.
Antonyms
1 susceptible, vulnerable.
2 open, exposed, susceptible, sensitive, liable, prone.
166. implacable
adjective
It was impossible to negotiate with such an implacable enemy: irreconcilable, unappeasable, inexorable, unamenable,
inflexible, intractable, unpacifiable, uncompromising, relentless, unrelenting.
Antonyms
reconcilable, appeasable, yielding, lenient, relenting, forbearing, indulgent, tolerant, flexible.
167. implicit
adjective
1 Victory was implicit in the early election returns: implied, hinted, suggested, tacitly expressed; inferred, deducible,
understood.
2 The crew had implicit faith in the captain's judgment: innate, inherent, unquestioning, absolute, complete,
profound, certain, resolute, unshakable, unreserved, total, unshakable, steadfast, staunch.
168. implode
implode (im plod"), v., -ploded, -ploding.
v.i.
1. to burst inward (opposed to explode).
v.t.
2. to pronounce (a consonant) with implosion.
[188085; IM-1 + (EX)PLODE]
169. inadvertent
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adjective
The newspaper apologized for the inadvertent omission: unintentional, unintended, not on purpose, accidental,
fortuitous,
unmeant, unthinking, involuntary, unpremeditated.
Antonyms
deliberate, premeditated, intentional, studied, considered, conscious, aware
170. inchoate
adjective
The architect began with a vague, inchoate design and then worked out the details: beginning, budding, incipient,
commencing, embryonic, nascent; shapeless, formless, unformed, unshaped, amorphous; unorganized, uncohesive,
disjointed, disconnected.
Antonyms
formed, shaped; finished, completed.
171.incongruous
adjective
1 Bathing suits look incongruous on a ski slope: inappropriate, odd, outlandish, out of keeping, out of place, unsuitable,
not
harmonious, Slang far-out.
2 The witness's incongruous testimony damaged his credibility: conflicting, contrary, at variance, incompatible,
contradictory, inconsistent, irreconcilable, discrepant, disagreeing.
Antonyms
1 congruous, fitting, suitable, appropriate, consonant, consistent, accordant, agreeing, harmonious, becoming.
172. inconsequential
adjective
The matter is too inconsequential to worry about: trivial, trifling, of no moment, valueless, slight, unimportant, of no
consequence, insignificant, negligible, nugatory, meaningless, piddling, petty, picayune.
Antonyms
consequential, important, momentous, significant, meaningful, crucial.
173. incorporate
verb
The committee incorporated the investigator's findings in its report: include, embody, work in, consolidate, fuse,
amalgamate, introduce into, assimilate.
174. indeterminate
adjective
The acting superintendent will serve for an indeterminate time: unspecified, undetermined, unstipulated, uncertain,
unfixed
in extent or amount, unclear, obscure, not clear, unresolved, vague, undefined; ambiguous, problematic, perplexing,
indefinite.
Antonyms
specified, precise, definite, clear, certain, determined, fixed, defined.
175. indigent
adjective
Many indigent people receive government aid: needy, destitute, in want, lacking the necessities of life, poor, in need,
pinched, poverty-stricken, impoverished, penniless, without resources, badly off, moneyless, without food and clothing;
Informal unable to keep the wolf from the door, hard-up.
Antonyms
wealthy, moneyed, rich, affluent, comfortable, solvent, flush.
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176. indolent
adjective
The indolent boy was fired: lazy, slothful, habitually idle, inactive, easygoing, shiftless, slack, sluggish, inert, lethargic,
donothing,
listless, lumpish, lackadaisical, dawdling, dilatory.
Antonyms
industrious; busy, diligent, conscientious, assiduous, sedulous; energetic, strenuous, vigorous, active.
177. inert
adjective
The man was so inert he seemed dead: motionless, static, immobile, stationary, inactive, quiescent, still, passive,
inanimate,
impassive; listless, phlegmatic, sluggish, dull, numb, leaden, supine, slack, torpid, languid.
Antonyms
dynamic; animated; active, alert, kinetic, brisk, lively, energetic, vigorous.
178. ingenuous
adjective
She was so charming and ingenuous most people adored her at once: natural, artless, guileless, unaffected, genuine,
simplehearted, openhearted, honest, open, unsophisticated, frank, direct, trusting, straightforward; Slang up front,
straightshooting.
Antonyms
worldly-wise, jaded, disingenuous; wily, devious, tricky.
179. inherent
adjective
Freedom of religion is an inherent part of the Bill of Rights: essential, innate, inseparable, hereditary, native, intrinsic,
inborn,
deep-rooted, inveterate, natural, inbred, ingrained, constitutional, inalienable.
Antonyms
foreign, alien, extrinsic, adventitious; subsidiary, superficial, supplemental.
180. innocuous
adjective
1 The women exchanged innocuous gossip over lunch: harmless, not damaging, painless, not injurious, innocent, mild,
inoffensive.
2 The play was innocuous and quickly forgotten: meaningless, vapid, insipid, dull, pointless, empty, barren; trite, banal,
commonplace.
Antonyms
1 hurtful, deleterious, harmful, insidious, obnoxious, damaging, injurious, offensive, malicious.
2 powerful, trenchant, compelling, impressive.
181. insensibility
noun
1 The patient lapsed into insensibility: unconsciousness.
2 His insensibility to criticism was legendary: indifference, apathy, insusceptibility.
Antonyms consciousness; concern, sensibility.
182. insinuate
verb
1 The article insinuated that the fighter was bribed: imply, suggest, hint slyly, allude remotely to, intimate, asperse,
whisper,
let fall.
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2 The social climber insinuated herself into the group: ingratiate, push artfully, worm one's way, gently incorporate,
introduce
subtly, wheedle, inject, insert.
Antonyms
1 deny.
2 withdraw, remove, retreat; alienate.
183. insipid
adjective
1 An insipid play like that won't last two weeks: uninteresting, pointless, stupid, dull, characterless, banal, wearisome,
bland,
boring, trite, vapid, inane, barren, drab, prosaic, jejune, lifeless, zestless, arid, monotonous, lean, empty, commonplace;
Slang blah, wishy-washy, namby-pamby.
2 The unsalted vegetables were insipid: flat, tasteless, savorless, stale, vapid, unappetizing.
Antonyms
1 interesting, zestful, pungent, spirited, spunky, provocative, engaging, lively, stimulating, exciting, piquant, colorful.
2 pungent, piquant, spicy; fiery, peppery, gingery; savory, flavorful, tasty, palatable, appetizing; gusty.
184.insularity (state of being insulated) insulate
verb
Thick walls insulated the house: shield, protect, cocoon, cushion, line, wrap; isolate, keep apart, seclude, sequester,
separate.
185. intractable
adjective
The intractable child refused to obey: stubborn, perverse, headstrong, ornery, hard to cope with, obstinate, willful,
unmanageable, obdurate, incorrigible, mulish, unruly, fractious, froward, refractory, ungovernable, uncontrollable,
contumacious, unmalleable, inflexible.
Antonyms
tractable, obedient, docile, submissive, subdued; compliant, acquiescent, amiable.
186. intransigent
adjective
The intransigent strikers refused to negotiate: uncompromising, stubborn, intractable, obdurate, iron-willed, steadfast,
diehard, unyielding, unmovable, unbudgeable, inflexible.
Antonyms
compromising, yielding, flexible, open-minded, acquiescent, compliant
187. inundate
verb
1 Floodwaters inundated the valley: engulf, overflow, fill with water, overspread, drench, submerge, flood, deluge,
drown.
2 The visiting astronaut was inundated with invitations: swamp, glut, flood, saturate, overcome; load down, overburden,
overwhelm.
Antonyms
1 drain dry, reclaim, desiccate, parch, empty.
188. inure
verb
Growing up in Alaska inured him to cold weather: accustom, habituate, familiarize, make used to, naturalize, custom;
harden, strengthen, toughen, season, temper, desensitize, discipline, train, adapt, acclimatize, acclimate, get used to.
189. invective
noun
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Invective poured from the speaker's mouth: bitter language, harsh words, verbal abuse, venom, vilification, insult,
contumely, diatribe, execration, sarcasm; vituperation, denunciation, revilement, censure, rant, railing, billingsgate.
Antonyms
praise, honor, commendation.
190. irascible
adjective
The irascible old man is constantly picking fights: easily angered, touchy, cantankerous, choleric, waspish, badtempered,
ill-humored, hot-tempered, irritable, intractable, ornery, splenetic, cross, testy, cranky, grumpy, grouchy, peevish.
Antonyms
good-natured, amiable, gentle, mild, placid, serene, tranquil, easygoing.
191. irresolute
adjective
His irresolute nature made him a poor executive: indecisive, wavering, hesitating, hesitant, faltering, unsettled,
doubtful,
undecided, uncertain, unsure, changeable, vacillating, fickle, weak, unsteady, unresolved.
Antonyms
resolute, determined, unwavering, decisive; decided, certain.
192. itinerary
noun
1 Leave an itinerary so we can reach you: travel plan, schedule, detailed plan for a trip, list of places to be visited,
timetable,
course, route, circuit.
2 Father kept a lively itinerary of the trip: log, record of a journey, travel record, journal, account, diary, day book.
193. laconic
adjective
Although his speeches were laconic, they were informative: short, concise, brief, succinct, terse, compact, condensed,
pithy,
concentrated, sparing of words, pointed, to the point, summary; curt, blunt.
Antonyms
voluble, wordy, loquacious, garrulous, verbose.
194. lassitude
noun
His lassitude was caused by overwork: weariness, weakness, debility, sluggishness, fatigue, tiredness, exhaustion,
fatigue,
lack of energy, enervation, lethargy, listlessness, inertia, feebleness, indolence, faintness, torpor, torpidity, drowsiness,
languor, languidness, supineness, prostration, dullness, droopiness; apathy, indifference, ennui, doldrums, boredom;
malaise.
Antonyms
vigor, energy, strength, robustness, freshness; verve, spirit, vitality; Informal get-up-and-go, push, vim, pep.
195. latent
adjective
Many of our deepest desires remain latent: dormant, sleeping, quiescent, inactive, passive, suspended, in abeyance,
abeyant, potential, undeveloped, unrealized, unaroused, not manifest, hidden, concealed, covert, lurking, intangible,
unapparent, unexposed, inconspic-uous, unexpressed.
Antonyms
activated, realized, developed; manifest, expressed, apparent, evident, obvious, conspicuous.
196. laud
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verb
They lauded the brave attempt: praise, extol, applaud, celebrate, esteem, honor.
Antonyms
censure, condemn, criticize.
197. lethargic
adjective
The hot, humid climate made everyone lethargic: lazy, drowsy, sleepy, soporific, languid, indolent, idle, dull,
somnolent,
comatose, enervated, debilitated, dispirited, unspirited, torpid, lackluster, sluggish, slothful, indifferent, passive, inert,
listless, apathetic.
Antonyms
energetic, vigorous, alert, active, responsive, bright, spirited; energized, animated, stimulated.
198.levee
noun-A barrier constructed to contain the flow or water or to keep out the sea-dam,dike,dyke.
199. levity
noun
The situation is too grave for levity: frivolity, lightness, lightheartedness, whimsy, lack of earnestness or seriousness,
triviality, hilarity, foolishness, silliness, joking, mirth, jocularity, trifling, flippancy, flightiness; pleasantry, fun.
Antonyms
gravity, seriousness, sobriety, earnestness, solemnity, dignity.
200. log
noun
1 The cabin was built of logs: length of tree trunk, timber, part of tree limb; block, stump.
2 The time of departure was entered in the ship's log: logbook; (loosely) daybook, journal, calendar, diary, docket,
schedule,
account, record.
verb
3 The college student spent his summers logging in the north woods: cut timber, fell trees, work as a lumberjack,
lumber.
201. loquacious
adjective
He's so loquacious I can't get a word in edgewise: talkative, talky, prolix, garrulous, wordy, verbose, voluble, windy,
longwinded;
prating, chatty, chattery, chattering, babbling, prattling; Informal gabby, blabby.
Antonyms
silent, reserved, taciturn, closemouthed, uncommunicative, reticent.
202. lucid
adjective
1 A lucid sky portended a fine day: shining, bright, clear, transparent, crystalline, brilliant, resplendent, radiant, lustrous,
luminous, scintillating, sparkling, dazzling; pellucid; illuminated.
2 The witness gave a lucid account of what happened: clear, easily understood, crystal clear, intelligible,
understandable,
articulate, comprehensible; precise, direct, straightforward, accurate, specific, well-organized, to the point, apposite,
positive, certain.
3 Although usually in a delirium, the patient has some lucid moments: clearheaded, clear thinking, normal, rational;
responsive, perceptive.
Antonyms
1 dark, darkling, gloomy, dusky, obscure, opaque, turgid, muddy, murky; overcast.
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2 unintelligible, incomprehensible, vague, indistinct, unclear, ambiguous, equivocal, garbled, mystifying.
3 confused, muddled, irrational; unresponsive, unperceptive.
203. luminous
adjective
The watch has a luminous dial: reflecting light, luminescent, radiant, irradiated, glowing, lustrous, illuminated, shining;
shining in the dark; bright, brilliant.
204. magnanimous
adjective
Only a truly magnanimous man could forgive such an insult: forgiving, free of vindictiveness, generous, largehearted,
liberal;
charitable, beneficent, philanthropic, altruistic, unselfish, princely.
Antonyms
unforgiving, vindictive, resentful, small, petty, selfish; parsimonious, miserly.
205. malinger
verb
In the army he would malinger by pretending to be ill: slack, shirk, procrastinate, loaf, dodge, evade, duck one's duty,
lie
down on the job; Slang goldbrick, goof off.
206. malleable
adjective
1 Tin is a malleable metal: workable, easily shaped, easily wrought; ductile, tractable, plastic, pliant, flexible.
2 Since young children are malleable, one must be careful what one says in front of them: impressionable, easily
influenced,
moldable, tractable, teachable, manageable, governable, docile; adaptable, flexible, pliable, compliant.
Antonyms
1 rigid, stiff, hard, firm; unyielding, inflexible, unbending, inelastic.
2 refractory, intractable, recalcitrant, ungovernable.
207. maverick
noun
1 The cowboys rounded up the mavericks for branding: unbranded calf, yearling; unbranded cow; motherless calf.
2 The young senator was regarded as a political maverick: noncomformist, eccentric, independent, individualist, loner,
independent thinker, one's own man; dissenter, dissident.
208. mendacious
adjective
The mendacious retailer misled us: lying, untrue, false, untruthful, deceitful.
Antonyms
truthful, honest.
209. metamorphosis
noun
1 There are four stages in the metamorphosis of a mosquito: transformation, change of form, mutation, transmutation,
structural evolution, transfiguration, series of changes, modification, conversion, transmogrification.
2 This once-confident man underwent a complete metamorphosis after his business failure: change in appearance or
behavior, personality change, transformation, alteration, radical change, startling change, permutation.
210. meticulous
adjective
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Our meticulous housekeeper never forgets a thing: fastidious, scrupulous, exact, exacting, minutely careful, solicitous
about details, painstaking, precise, nice, finical, finicky, fussy, particular; punctilious, perfectionist.
Antonyms
careless, inexact, imprecise, sloppy, negligent.
211. misanthropic
adjective
His unhappy childhood fostered his misanthropic personality: antisocial, unfriendly, unsociable, distrustful,
unneighborly,
inhospitable, morose, unpersonable, cynical, surly, discourteous, unaccommodating, unapproachable, unresponsive,
cold, distant.
Antonyms
personable, amiable, amicable, loving, sociable, cordial; humanitarian; philanthropic, charitable.
212. mitigate
verb
There's no way to mitigate the effect of that unfavorable report: lessen, relieve, moderate, moderate in severity,
alleviate, abate in intensity, palliate, soften, assuage, allay, soothe, placate, weaken, mollify, ameliorate, ease, blunt,
reduce, lighten, diminish, temper, extenuate.
Antonyms
increase, augment, heighten, enhance, strengthen.
213. mollify
verb
Flowers would not mollify her anger: appease, calm, moderate, placate, quell, still, lessen, mitigate, allay, reduce,
palliate, conciliate, make less violent, decrease, soften, pacify, soothe, tone down, quiet, lighten, temper, abate, ease,
assuage, curb, check, dull, lull, blunt.
Antonyms
exasperate, exacerbate, agitate, stir, increase.
214. morose
adjective
I feel very morose after reading that sad story: depressed, low, crestfallen, sad, melancholy, downcast, moody, glum,
dour, Informal blue, down in the dumps; saturnine, mopish, gloomy, despondent, mournful, solemn; sullen, sulky, cross,
surly, testy, waspish, sour, churlish, grumpy, cranky, ill-tempered, irascible.
Antonyms
cheerful, blithe, happy, good-natured, pleasant, genial, amiable, friendly.
215. mundane
adjective
Artists often have trouble with the mundane affairs of life: ordinary, prosaic, commonplace, worldly, terrestrial, earthly,
downtoearth, day-to-day, routine, humdrum, everyday, practical, pedestrian, petty.
Antonyms
heavenly, celestial, ethereal, empyrean, unearthly, unworldly, spiritual.
216. negate
verb
This year's losses negate last year's profits: nullify, invalidate, void, reverse; quash, squash, quell, squelch; vanquish,
defeat, overthrow, overwhelm, destroy, wipe out, blot out; deny, abrogate, revoke, gainsay, retract, disavow; rebut,
refute, contradict; disallow, set aside; veto, repeal; disown, disclaim, repudiate.
Antonyms
affirm, confirm, attest to, ratify, endorse, corroborate, reinforce, support.
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217. neophyte
noun
The neophyte learned the ropes very fast: beginner, tyro, apprentice, trainee, novice, probationer, newcomer, recruit,
learner; tenderfoot, rookie, greenhorn, student, pupil; convert, proselyte, entrant, disciple, no-vitiate.
Antonyms
veteran, old hand, expert.
218. obdurate
adjective
1 The child was obdurate in refusing to eat vegetables: stubborn, obstinate, intractable, unyielding, inflexible, adamant,
immovable, willful, headstrong, pigheaded, mulish, bullheaded; unmanageable, uncontrollable, ungovernable.
2 The tyrant was obdurate in his treatment of prisoners: unmoved, uncaring, unfeeling, harsh, merciless, unmerciful,
unpitying, pitiless, unsympathetic, uncompassionate, unsparing, untouched; hardened, callous, cruel, cold-blooded,
hardhearted.
Antonyms
1 obedient, agreeable, compliant, flexible, amenable; manageable, docile, tractable.
2 compassionate, sympathetic, caring, feeling, merciful, pitying, relenting, softhearted, kind, gentle, tender.
219. obsequious
adjective
The boss prefers obsequious underlings: servile, fawning, toadying, sycophantic, subservient, menial, ingratiating,
deferential, slavish, cringing, cowering, mealymouthed, truckling, Slang bootlicking, kowtowing, apple-polishing.
Antonyms
domineering, overbearing, swaggering, lordly, imperious, proud, haughty, arrogant, impudent, brash, bold, assertive,
forceful, aggressive.
220. obviate
verb
The suspect's confession obviates the necessity for a trial: avert, avoid, make unnecessary, circumvent, remove, do
away
with, preclude, prevent; forestall, divert, parry, sidetrack, ward off, turn aside, stave off, fend off, Informal nip in the
bud.
Antonyms
necessitate, require, make essential, oblige, impel, cause, make unavoidable.
221. occlude
verb
Waste materials seem to be occluding the drain: obstruct, block, clog, shut off, shut up, choke, choke off, plug, close,
barricade, congest, stopper, stop up, constrict, strangulate.
Antonyms
clear, unclog, open, ream, unplug.
222. officious
adjective
It's hard to be an office manager without being officious: obtrusive, intrusive, interfering, meddlesome, meddling,
prying,
poking one's nose in, offering gratuitous advice or services, Informal kibitzing; overbearing, domineering, selfimportant,
self-assertive, high-handed, high and mighty; pompous, patronizing.
Antonyms
unobtrusive, in the background.
223. onerous
adjective
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Holding down two jobs can be an onerous task: oppressive, burdensome, hard to endure, arduous, not easy to bear,
distressing, painful, wearisome, taxing, exhausting, crushing, heavy, weighty, demanding, grievous.
Antonyms
easy, light, simple, effortless, trivial, trifling.
224. opprobrious
adjective
1 The editorial made an opprobrious attack on modern morals: damning, denunciatory, condemnatory, hypercritical,
censorious, faultfinding; abusive, scurrilous, acrimonious, malicious, malevolent, maligning, vilifying, vitriolic,
fulminating,
reviling.
2 The officer was reprimanded for his opprobrious conduct: disgraceful, dishonorable, shameful, disreputable,
objectionable,
unbecoming, deplorable, reprehensible, base, outrageous, shocking, scandalous, infamous, nefarious, despicable,
corrupt,
wicked.
Antonyms
1 complimentary, flattering, approving, praising, laudatory, uncritical.
2 honorable, noble, meritorious, upright, ethical, principled, virtuous, moral; becoming, praiseworthy, worthy, laudable,
noteworthy, estimable.
225. oscillate
verb
1 The clock's pendulum caught the sunlight as it oscillated: swing, alternate, librate; pulsate, vibrate, pulse, move back
and
forth, seesaw, come and go, ebb and flow.
2 He's been oscillating between liberal and conservative all his life: waver, vacillate, hesitate, fluctuate, vary, hem and
haw,
shilly-shally, change, equivocate.
226. ostentatious
adjective
Grandfather warned us not to be ostentatious with our money. The dress is too ostentatious to wear to a reception:
flaunting
wealth, fond of display, showing off, pompous, immodest, grandiose, affected, high-flown; conspicuous, pretentious,
flamboyant, flashy, showy, gaudy, garish, loud, florid, overdone, exaggerated, obtrusive.
Antonyms
modest, reserved, conservative, somber, sedate; inconspicuous, simple, plain.
227. paragon
noun
Aunt Sue has always been a paragon of virtue: model, example, exemplar, prototype, archetype, paradigm, apotheosis,
idea, symbol, pattern, standard, norm, criterion, yardstick.
228. partisan
noun
1 The hometown partisans cheered the local team: supporter, follower, adherent, sympathizer, champion, advocate, ally,
backer, upholder, enthusiast, fan, zealot, devotee, rooter, booster.
2 Even after the country was defeated, partisans fought the invaders in the hills: freedom fighter, guerrilla, irregular,
insurgent; (U.S. Civil War) bushwacker, jayhawker.
adjective
3 The senator vowed not to engage in partisan politics: favoring one political party, predisposed toward one group,
favoring
a cause, partial, biased, prejudiced, one-sided, slanted, unbalanced, subjective.
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Antonyms
1 detractor, defamer, censor, critic, backbiter, knocker; opponent, foe, adversary, rival, contender.
3 nonpartisan, bipartisan, unbiased, impartial, unprejudiced, disinterested, objective, broad-minded, open-minded.
229. pathological
pathological (path'* loj"i k*l) also path'olog"ic, adj.
1. of or pertaining to pathology.
2. caused or affected by disease.
3. characterized by an unhealthy compulsion: a pathological liar.
[168090] path'olog"ically, adv.
230. paucity
noun
There was a paucity of information on the reported invasion: scarcity, dearth, lack, shortage, scarceness, scantiness,
deficiency, poverty, sparsity, meagerness, puniness, thinness, poorness, insufficiency.
Antonyms
surfeit, overflow, excess, surplus, superabundance.
231. pedantic
adjective
When you ask him a question you get a pedantic answer: ostentatiously learned, pompous, academic, scholastic,
didactic,
doctrinaire, bookish, stilted, dogmatic, punctilious, hairsplitting, nitpicking, overly meticulous, fussy, finicky,
overparticular.
Antonyms
succinct, pithy, straightforward; vague; general, comprehensive
232. penchant
noun
The fat youth had a penchant for rich desserts: fondness, partiality, liking, strong inclination, fancy, preference,
predilection,
proclivity, propensity, leaning, attraction, taste, relish, tendency, affinity, predisposition, disposition, proneness,
prejudice,
bias; flair, bent, readiness, turn, knack, gift.
Antonyms
hatred, dislike, loathing, aversion, abhorrence, disinclination, repulsion.
233. penury
noun
She lived in penury during her last years: poverty, impoverishment, want, indi-gence, need, privation, destitution,
straitened
circumstances, dire necessity; financial ruin, insolvency, bankruptcy.
Antonyms
wealth, prosperity, opulence, luxury, elegance, abundance, affluence.
234. perennial
adjective
He sat there with that perennial grin on his face: perpetual, everlasting, permanent, constant, incessant, unceasing,
ceaseless, continual, continuous, unremitting, persistent; fixed, changeless, unchanging, immutable, durable,
imperishable,
indestructible, lasting, enduring, long-lasting, undying, timeless, unfailing, long-lived.
Antonyms
temporary, occasional, sporadic, intermittent, periodic, evanescent; perishable, transient, fleeting, ephemeral, temporal.
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235. perfidious
adjective
Benedict Arnold's perfidious act made him his country's first traitor: treacherous, traitorous, treasonous, deceitful, false,
disloyal, unfaithful, faithless, treasonable, dishonorable, untrustworthy, unscrupulous; dishonest, corrupt, untruthful,
undependable, lying, cheating; Informal sneaky, double-dealing, shifty, two-faced.
236. perfunctory
adjective
That was certainly a perfunctory "hello" he gave us: indifferent, casual, disinterested, offhand, careless, unconcerned,
unthinking, cursory, inattentive, lax, hasty, superficial, routine, mechanical, halfhearted, lukewarm, apathetic, spiritless,
listless, passionless; negligent.
Antonyms
careful, thorough, thoughtful, diligent, assiduous, attentive, warmhearted, effusive, spirited, ardent, keen, zealous.
237. permeable
permeable (pr"me * b*l), adj. capable of being permeated.
[140050; late ME < LL permeabilis = permea(re) to PERMEATE + -bilis -BLE]
per"meableness, n.
per"meably, adv.
238. pervasive
adjective
Ill feeling was pervasive at the plant: pervading, prevalent, permeating, widespread, common, extensive, general,
omnipresent, ubiquitous, universal, inescapable.
239. phlegmatic
adjective
Admiral Togo was always phlegmatic in the face of danger: indifferent, apathetic, nonchalant, unemotional,
unimpassioned,
undemonstrative, unresponsive, imperturbable, unconcerned, unexcitable, cool, calm, serene, tranquil, impassive,
stoical;
spiritless, listless, languid, lethargic, sluggish, dull, passive, unfeeling, insensitive.
Antonyms
emotional, passionate, excited; active, demonstrative, alert, lively, animated, energetic, interested.
240. piety
noun
The old woman expressed her piety by attending church daily: piousness, religiousness, devoutness, devotion,
godliness;
reverence, respect, loyalty, dutifulness, humility; religiosity.
Antonyms
impiety, sacrilege, ungodliness, blasphemy, irreverence; disrespect, disloyalty, infidelity.
241. placate
verb
No one can placate him when he's angry: calm, soothe, pacify, quiet, lull, mollify, assuage, alleviate; appease,
propitiate,
win over, conciliate.
242.Plasticity.
plasticity (pla stis"i te), n.
1. the quality or state of being plastic.
2. the capability of being molded: the plasticity of clay.
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WORDLIST
[177585]
243. platitude
noun
The speech was dull and full of platitudes: trite remark, stereotyped expression, clich, banality, commonplace, truism,
hackneyed saying, old saw, saw, threadbare phrase, Slang chestnut, bromide, old familiar tune, same old thing.
244. plethora
noun
The potluck supper had a plethora of desserts but no meat dishes: excess, surplus, superfluity, surplusage, surfeit,
overabundance, superabundance, glut, overage, redundancy.
Antonyms
shortage, lack, scarcity, deficiency.
245. plummet
verb
The hawk plummeted toward the earth: plunge, fall, fall headlong, drop straight down, dive, tumble, descend abruptly,
nosedive.
Antonyms
rise, ascend, shoot upward, soar.
246. porous
adjective
Sponges are porous: absorbent, permeable, penetrable, pervious; honeycombed. sievelike, cellular, riddled, lacy;
spongy.
247. pragmatic
adjective
The problem requires a pragmatic solution, not theories: down-to-earth, matter-of-fact, practical, utilitarian,
hardheaded,
sober, businesslike, hard-boiled, sensible, realistic, unidealistic, hard-nosed, materialistic, unsentimental.
Antonyms
idealistic, theoretical; romantic, dreamy, sentimental.
248. preamble
preamble (pre"am'b*l, pre am"-), n.
1. an introductory statement; preface.
2. the introductory part of a statute, deed, constitution, or other document, stating the intent of what follows.
3. a preliminary or introductory fact or circumstance.
[13501400; ME < ML praeambulum, n. use of neut. of LL praeambulus walking before. See PRE-, AMBLE]
pre"am'bled, adj.
249. precarious
adjective
1 The situation was precarious politically: vulnerable, uncertain, problematical, ticklish, uncontrolled, critical, insecure,
touchandgo, not to be depended upon, unreliable, undependable, doubtful, dubious, questionable.
2 Free-lance work can be a precarious occupation: hazardous, risky, perilous, unsafe, chancy, unsteady, unstable,
shaky;
alarming, sinister.
Antonyms
1 certain, sure, secure, dependable, reliable, unquestionable.
2 safe, steady, stable.
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250. precipitate
verb
1 The war precipitated his induction into the army: hasten, bring on, quicken, expedite, speed up, accelerate, advance,
spur.
2 The explosion precipitated tons of snow from the mountain: throw, hurl, thrust, cast, fling, propel, drive, launch,
catapult,
discharge, let fly.
adjective
3 She had to make precipitate choices as the test was only 5 minutes: hurried, hasty, abrupt, rushed, proceeding rapidly,
speedy; headlong, reckless, rash, incautious, foolhardy, imprudent, thoughtless, impetuous, impulsive.
251. precursor
noun
The polite letters were only precursors to blackmail: vanguard, advance guard, forerunner; harbinger, messenger; usher,
herald; predecessor, antecedent; sign, token, mark, omen, portent, warning; symptom.
252. presumptuous
adjective
1 It was presumptuous of the young senator to challenge the leadership so soon: bold, audacious, daring, overconfident,
overfamiliar, forward, nervy, shameless, brash, brazen, brassy, fresh, cocky.
2 Her presumptuous airs made her disliked by many: haughty, proud, snobbish, assuming, overbearing, lofty,
patronizing,
pompous, lordly, imperious; disdainful, contemptuous, domineering, dictatorial, arrogant.
253. prevaricate
verb
She may have prevaricated a bit about her illustrious forebears: lie, fib, stretch the truth, dissemble, perjure, deceive,
palter,
be untruthful, tell a story, tell a tall story, be evasive; falsify, misstate, fake, hoodwink, counterfeit, misrepresent,
mislead, distort.
254. pristine
adjective
It was a pristine part of the woods that few hikers had ever seen: undefiled, unsullied, untouched, unspoiled,
untarnished, virginal; uncontaminated, unpolluted, pure, unmarred.
Antonyms
sullied, defiled, contaminated, polluted, spoiled, tarnished.
255. probity
noun
Above all, the Presidency needs a man of probity for the Cabinet post: integrity, uprightness, honesty, virtue,
highmindedness,
morality, character, principle, honor, trustworthiness, incorruptibility, straightness, decency, goodness,
righteousness.
Antonyms dishonesty, duplicity, unscrupulous, corruption.
256. problematic
adjective
The composition of Saturn's rings is problematic: uncertain, doubtful, questionable, dubious, unsettled, undetermined,
enigmatic, unknown; perplexing, paradoxical, puzzling; difficult, troublesome, worrisome.
Antonyms
certain, settled, known, undisputed, unquestionable.
257. prodigal
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adjective
1 He had nothing left of his inheritance because of his prodigal ways: wasteful, spendthrift, unthrifty, thriftless,
overliberal, profligate, extravagant, exorbitant, lavish, excessive, gluttonous; improvident, dissipating, inordinate,
intemperate, immoderate, reckless, impetuous, precipitate, wanton.
2 The prodigal amount of eggs laid by the fish insure the survival of the species: bountiful, profuse, abounding,
abundant, plentiful, bounteous, ample; lush, luxuriant, lavish, exuberant, generous; numerous, countless, numberless,
innumerable, multitudinous; teeming, swarming, myriad, replete, copious.
noun
3 The prodigal went through money as if it were water: spendthrift, squanderer, spender, wastrel.
Antonyms
1 thrifty, frugal, economical, cautious, miserly, stingy; provident, temperate, moderate.
2 scarce, scanty, deficient, scant, meager, sparse, few, limited.
258. profound
adjective
1 That was a very profound statement: deep, thoughtful, wise, sagacious, sage, penetrating, piercing, learned, erudite,
intellectual, scholarly, educated; knowledgeable, comprehensive, recondite, omniscient, all-knowing; philosophical,
reflective, thoughtful, well-considered, sober, serious, sober-minded; informed, well-informed, knowing, enlightened.
2 His death had a profound effect on her: deep, severe, abject, extreme; thorough, thoroughgoing, far-reaching, radical,
utter, out-and-out, complete, consummate; penetrating, piercing, pronounced, decided, positive.
3 Please accept my profound apologies: deeply felt, heartfelt, keenly felt, sincere, heart-stirring, strongly felt, deepseated, soul-stirring, moving; hearty, intense, keen, acute, abject.
Antonyms
1 shallow, superficial, unwise, stupid, unlearned, uneducated, unknowledgeable, thoughtless, inconsiderate; uninformed,
unenlightened; imprudent.
2 slight, superficial, shallow, surface, external.
3 insincere, shallow, hollow.
259. prohibitive also prohibitory adjective
Prohibitive laws discouraged the drug trade. The project was abandoned because of prohibitive costs: inhibitive,
restrictive, circumscriptive, enjoining, restraining, forbidding; suppressive, repressive; preventive, injunctive; hindering,
obstructive, disallowing, disqualifying, inadmissible, unacceptable.
260. proliferate verb
Rabbits proliferated after they were introduced into Australia: multiply, increase, reproduce rapidly, breed quickly,
overproduce, procreate, regenerate, propagate, pullulate, teem, swarm; hatch, breed, spawn.
261. propensity noun
Children have a propensity for candy: inclination, leaning, proclivity, predilection, liking, partiality, weakness,
preference, penchant; attraction, liking, affinity, sympathy, favor, pleasure, taste, fancy; turn, bent, tendency,
predisposition, bias, prejudice, disposition.
Antonyms
disinclination, aversion, loathing, dislike, hatred, antipathy, displeasure.
262. propitiate verb
Offerings were made to propitiate the gods: appease, placate, pacify, calm, assuage, mollify, conciliate, accommodate,
soothe, allay.
Antonyms
anger, madden, infuriate, roil, pique, provoke.
263. propriety noun
Always conduct yourself with propriety: correctness; courtesy, decorum, good behavior, decorousness, dignity, good
manners, etiquette, formality, gentlemanly or ladylike behavior, respectability; savoir faire, appropriateness,
becomingness, applicability, fitness, suitableness, seemliness, aptness, rightness.
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Antonyms
impropriety, incorrectness, discourtesy, misbehavior, misconduct, bad manners, faux pas, inappropriateness,
unsuitability, unseemliness, inaptness, wrongness.
264. proscribe verb
During the Renaissance the church proscribed scientific works like those of Galileo: denounce, condemn, censure,
disapprove, repudiate; curse, damn, anathematize; outlaw, prohibit, forbid, interdict, ban, excommunicate; banish, exile;
boycott.
Antonyms
allow, permit, encourage, aid.
265. pungent
adjective
1 The ribs were served with a hot, pungent sauce: sharp-tasting, highly flavored, savory, spicy, flavorful, piquant,
flavorsome, palatable, tasty, highly seasoned, salty, peppery, hot; nippy, tangy, strong, stimulating, sharp; sharpsmelling, acrid, sour, acid, tart, astringent, vinegary, caustic, bitter, acetous, biting, stinging, smarting, penetrating.
2 His pungent ridicule made him quite a few enemies: sharp, piercing, pointed, acute, trenchant, keen, poignant;
stinging,
biting, mordent, caustic, invidious, cutting, incisive, penetrating, sarcastic, smart, wounding, tart, acrimonious, bitter;
stimulating, stirring, provocative, tantalizing, racy, spicy, scintillating; sparkling, brilliant, clever, snappy, keen-witted,
witty.
Antonyms
1 bland, mild; unsavory, unpalatable, flavorless, tasteless; weak, unstimulating.
2 dull, mild, moderate, inane, vapid; pointless.
266. qualified
adjective
1 Take that dog to a qualified veterinarian: experienced, trained, competent, practiced, versed, knowing; eligible, fit,
fitted, equipped, suited, meet, equal; capable, adept, able, talented, skilled, skillful, accomplished, expert; certified,
licensed, authorized; efficacious, proficient, efficient.
2 He gave a qualified answer when I asked for definite assurances: limited, indefinite, conditional, provisional,
reserved, guarded; restricted, limited, hedging, equivocal, ambiguous.
Antonyms
1 inexperienced, untrained, unpracticed.
267. quibble
verb
1 The children quibbled over who got the bigger piece of cake: argue, bicker, squabble, hassle; raise trivial objections,
carp, nag, cavil, nitpick, haggle, niggle; pick a fight, spar, fence; be evasive, dodge the issue, equivocate, waffle, fudge.
noun
2 A quibble over exact wording delayed passage of the bill: trivial objection, cavil, petty distinction, nicety; evasion,
equivocation, dodge, shift, shuffle, distraction, delaying tactic; subtlety, subterfuge; white lie, prevarication, pretense,
artifice, duplicity.
268. quiescent
quiescent (kwe es"*nt, kwi-), adj. being at rest; quiet; still; inactive or motionless: a quiescent mind.
269. rarefied adjective
The collectors had rarefied tastes: refined, esoteric, special, secret, recondite, inside, privileged.
270. recalcitrant adjective
The recalcitrant youth needed more understanding teachers: stubborn, obstinate, unwilling, unsubmissive, headstrong,
refractory, mulish, pigheaded, bullheaded, willful, contrary, balky, unruly, disobedient, intractable.
Antonyms
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obedient, compliant, amenable, submissive, yielding; controllable, manageable, governable.
271. recant verb
Under cross-examination she recanted her previous testimony: retract, take back, deny, abjure, withdraw, unsay,
repudiate, disavow, renege, recall, revoke, renounce, rescind, disclaim, disown, forswear, repeal, eat one's words,
apostatize, change one's mind.
Antonyms
reaffirm, confirm, repeat, validate.
272. recluse noun
The recluse emerged from his hideaway: hermit, solitary, ascetic.
273. recondite adjective
She submitted a recondite thesis for her Ph.D.: profound, deep, abstruse.
Antonyms: clear, obvious, patent.
274. refractory adjective
The refractory horse stopped dead in its tracks: stubborn, unmanageable, obstinate, perverse, mulish, headstrong,
pigheaded, contumacious, intractable, disobedient, recalcitrant, cantankerous, ungovernable, unruly.
Antonyms
obedient, tractable.
275. refute verb
The accused was given no opportunity to refute the accusations: disprove, confute, give the lie to, invalidate, counter,
rebut, answer, challenge, contradict, deny.
Antonyms
prove, vindicate, support, confirm, corroborate, substantiate.
276. relegate verb
1 They relegated the task to her: entrust, hand over, turn over, charge, commit, consign, delegate, pass on, refer, assign.
2 They relegated him to the second division: demote, banish, eject, displace, expel, ostracize.
277. reproach verb
1 He was severely reproached for his rude behavior: find fault with, chide, admonish, reprimand, rebuke, reprove;
criticize, censure, condemn, stigmatize, malign, vilify, revile, blame; scold, upbraid, rail at, castigate, charge, tonguelash, call to account, take to task; disparage, denounce, asperse; shame, disgrace.
noun
2 Her behavior was above reproach. The workers feared their supervisor's reproaches: blame, rebuke, reproof;
upbraiding, scolding, remonstrance, criticism, censure, hard words, tirade, diatribe.
3 The youth's bad behavior is a constant reproach to his parents: cause of blame, badge of infamy, stigma, taint,
blemish, stain, blot, spot, tarnish, slur; indignity, insult, offense; shame, humiliation, degradation, embarrassment,
scandal, disgrace, dishonor, discredit.
Antonyms
1 praise, commend, applaud, compliment.
2 commendation, compliment, praise, applause, honor.
3 honor, credit.
278. reprobate noun
1 The old reprobate never reformed: wicked person, degenerate, profligate, rou, prodigal, rake, rakehell, immoralist,
voluptuary, wanton, abandoned person; rascal, scamp, black sheep, rapscallion, rotter; miscreant, sinner, transgressor,
evildoer, wrongdoer, outcast, castaway, pariah, derelict, untouchable.
adjective
2 He was a reprobate person with no redeeming qualities: corrupt, incorrigible, depraved, profligate, degenerate,
dissolute, abandoned, shameless; wicked, evil, evil-minded, low, base, bad, vile.
Antonyms
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1 angel, paragon, saint.
2 pure, virtuous, righteous, saintly, angelic.
279. repudiate verb
1 The new government repudiated the treaty signed by the former rulers: reject, disavow, deny, disclaim, protest;
rescind, reverse, revoke, repeal, retract, void, nullify, annul, declare null and void, abrogate, cancel, abolish, dissolve.
2 The man repudiated the religion he was born into and became an atheist: disown, disavow, reject, cast off, discard,
wash one's hands of, abandon, desert, forsake, renounce.
Antonyms
1 accept, approve; adopt, espouse.
2 acknowledge, accept, embrace, welcome.
280. rescind verb
The judge rescinded the court's previous decision: revoke, reverse, retract, repeal, recall, take back, invalidate,
countermand, overrule, counter order, override, set aside, discard, get rid of, sweep aside; void, annul, abrogate, abolish,
declare null and void, nullify, cancel, quash, dissolve.
Antonyms
uphold, support; validate.
281. resolution noun
1 The resolution passed by two votes: motion, formal proposition, proposal.
2 Have you made a New Year's resolution?: resolve, promise, intent, intention, purpose, plan, design, ambition;
objective, object, aim, goal.
3 He lacked the resolution to get through medical school: resoluteness, firmness of purpose, fixed purpose, persistence,
determination, tenacity, resolve, will power, perseverance, resilience, steadfastness, stability, steadiness, constancy;
zeal, earnestness, energy, indefatigability, mettle, spirit, aggressiveness, follow-through.
4 He was faced with the resolution of a difficult matter: solution, resolving, clearing up, working-out.
282. reticent adjective
T.E. Lawrence became an increasingly reticent man: taciturn, quiet, uncommu-nicative, silent, sparing of words,
closemouthed, tight-lipped; reserved, retiring, shy, withdrawn, diffident, self-contained, restrained, subdued, closed.
Antonyms
voluble, talkative, communicative, unreserved, expansive, inclined to speak freely, candid, frank, open, plain.
283. reverence noun
Aeneas' reverence toward his father was one of our Latin teacher's favorite themes: deep respect, esteem, regard, honor,
homage, deference, veneration, admiration, adoration, devotion, worship; awe, fear; devoutness, piety, gesture
indicative of deep respect, observance; genuflection, prostration, religiosity.
Antonyms
irreverence, disrespect, disregard, scorn, contempt, dishonor; hatred.
284.sage noun
1 The king brought difficult problems to a sage: wise man, magus, pundit, mage, philosopher, savant, scholar, guru,
mandarin, solon, Slang egghead.
adjective
2 He was sage in his judgment: wise, sapient, shrewd, prudent; sensible, sound, sagacious, knowing, astute, intelligent.
Antonyms
1 fool, idiot.
2 stupid, foolish, senseless.
285. salubrious adjective
Regular exercise is salubrious: healthful, healthy, health-promoting, therapeutic, good for one, salutary, bracing,
beneficial, wholesome, lifegiving, invigorating.
Antonyms
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unhealthful, unhealthy, harmful, unwholesome, insalubrious, deleterious.
286. sanction noun
1 We received sanction to proceed with our plans: approval, commendation, endorsement, assent, consent, permission,
authorization; leave, liberty, license, authority; ratification, confirmation, support.
2 The international community imposed sanctions on Rhodesia for its illegal political actions: penalty, pressure,
punitive
measure, coercion.
verb
3 Our plan wasn't sanctioned by the board of directors: approve, endorse, authorize, legitimate, allow, permit,
countenance, accept, agree to, favor, ratify, support.
Antonyms
1 disapproval, forbiddance, refusal, ban, prohibition.
2 incentive, encouragement.
3 disapprove, reject, ban, prohibit.
287. satiate verb
It was a banquet that more than satiated our need for food: satisfy, fill, gratify, suffice, content; slake, quench; glut,
stuff, sate, surfeit, overfill, overdo, cloy, saturate; sicken, disgust, nauseate; jade, bore, weary.
288. saturate verb
1 Heavy rain saturated the playing field: soak thoroughly, drench, souse, douse; immerse, submerge.
2 Dust saturated the attic: fill, infiltrate, cover, permeate, infuse, suffuse, pervade, impregnate, imbue.
Antonyms
1 drain, dry.
289. savor noun
1 This cake has the savor of nutmeg: taste, flavor, tang, spice, piquancy, pungency; smell, aroma, odor, scent, fragrance;
smack, relish, zest.
2 His words had the savor of vengeance: character, nature, particular quality, characteristic, property, particularity,
distinctive feature, peculiarity, trait, aura, quality; substance, essence, gist, spirit, soul.
verb
3 Her sauce savored of garlic. This plan savors of treason: taste, smell, smack, have a touch, show traces, have the
earmarks, be suggestive.
4 He savored the cookies with cinnamon: spice, season, flavor.
5 We ate the stew slowly, savoring it: enjoy, relish, like; take pleasure in, delight in, luxuriate in, rejoice in, appreciate.
6 He had savored power during his first term in office: experience, taste, sample, try.
290. secrete verb
The escaped convicts secreted themselves in a cave: hide, conceal, cache, Informal stash; cloak, curtain, screen, veil,
disguise; keep secret, keep under wraps, cover, shroud.
Antonyms
reveal, show, display, exhibit.
291. shard (shrd) also sherd, n.
1. a fragment, esp. of broken earthenware.
2. Zool.
a. a scale.
b. a shell, as of an egg or snail.
c. the hardened forewing of a beetle; elytron.
292. skeptic or sceptic noun
He's too much of a skeptic to take anything simply on faith: doubter, doubting Thomas, questioner, scoffer; agnostic,
unbeliever, atheist.
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293. solicitous
adjective
1 He was very solicitous about her office problems: concerned, thoughtful, mindful, regardful, anxious, attentive.
2 The politicians do not seem overly solicitous to proceed in this investigation: eager, zealous, desirous, longing, ardent,
intense, keen, avid, enthusiastic, intent.
Antonyms
1 unconcerned, undisturbed.
2 uninterested, unambitious, unenthusiastic.
294. soporific adjective
1 His soporific voice almost put us to sleep: hypnotic, somniferous, sleep-inducing, balmy, sluggish, heavy.
2 This warm weather makes me soporific: sleepy, sluggish, drowsy, somnolent, slumberous; lethargic, lazy.
noun
3 Wine is a soporific for me: sedative, hypnotic; sleep-inducer.
Antonyms
1,2 lively, animated.
3 stimulant.
295. specious adjective
He reached the wrong conclusion by specious reasoning: deceptive, misleading, fallacious, questionable, casuistic,
dubious, false, invalid, faulty, sophistical, unsubstantiated, unsound, unfounded, incorrect, inaccurate, slippery, tricky,
untrue, spurious, illogical.
Antonyms
valid, conclusive, undeniable, inescapable.
296. spectrum (spek"tr*m), n., pl. -tra (-tr*), -trums.
1. a. an array of entities, as light waves or particles, ordered in accordance with the magnitudes of a common physical
property, as wavelength or mass.
b. the band or series of colors, together with invisible extensions, produced by dispersion of radiant energy, as by a
prism.
2. a broad range of varied but related ideas, objects, etc., that form a continuous series or sequence: the spectrum of
political beliefs.
297. sporadic
adjective
We've had only sporadic snow flurries this month: irregular, spotty, scattered, sparse, spasmodic, fitful, widely spaced,
now and then, occasional, infrequent, periodic, fragmentary, intermittent, discontinuous, few and far between, meager,
few, thin, scarce, rare, isolated, uncommon; haphazard, random.
Antonyms
continuous, regular, steady, constant.
298. stigma
noun
There was no stigma attached to losing the election: disgrace, shame, odium, dishonor; blot, blemish, brand, flaw, mark
of shame, smirch, smudge, besmirchment, taint, tarnish.
Antonyms
glory, honor, distinction, credit, approval.
299. stint
verb
1 I'll have to stint my charity gifts this year: restrict, set limits to, give in small amounts, limit, cut down on, reduce, be
sparing with, restrain, constrain, circumscribe, check, curb.
2 One thing Mother never stints on is food: be sparing, hold back, scrimp, be frugal, save, deny oneself, economize,
pinch pennies, withhold, be parsimonious.
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noun
3 She was assigned the most difficult stint. The band did a stint in Las Vegas: job, chore, task, duty, work period, term,
assignment, part, turn, shift, quota; engagement.
300. stipulate
verb
Our contract with the decorator stipulates the maximum amount he can charge us: specify, set forth, insist upon, state,
designate, indicate, name, cite, make a point of, make provision; promise, pledge, guarantee, insure, grant, provide,
allow, assure, agree, warrant.
301. stolid
adjective
He's too stolid to show excitement about anything: impassive, unemotional, apathetic, sluggish, lethargic, phlegmatic,
dull, obtuse, lumpish, bovine, dense; insensitive.
Antonyms
excitable, emotional, passionate, energetic, lively, active, animated, acute.
302. strait (strat), n.
1. Often, straits. (used with a sing. v.) a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water.
2. Often, straits. a position of difficulty, distress, or need.
3. Archaic. a narrow passage or area.
4. ISTHMUS.
adj. Archaic.
5. narrow.
6. confined in area.
7. strict, as in requirements or principles.
303.strut
verb
He strutted into the restaurant as though he owned it: swagger, walk pompously, parade, sail, sashay, peacock,
promenade.
Antonyms
cringe, cower, slink, sneak.
304. subpoena
1. a writ to summon witnesses or evidence before a court.
2. to serve with a subpoena
305.subside
verb
1 As the land subsides, the sea advances: settle, sink; drop, cave in, sag, descend.
2 My nervousness subsided when the plane landed. The crowds subsided: diminish, lessen, abate, decrease, wane,
moderate, level off, ebb, calm, recede, melt away, let up, ease, shrink, dwindle.
Antonyms
1,2 rise; increase, swell.
2 grow, heighten, intensify.
306.substantiate
verb
You haven't substantiated your argument at all: verify, corroborate, prove, demonstrate, show to be true, confirm,
authenticate, sustain, support.
Antonyms
disprove, refute, discredit, undermine, tear to shreds, explode
307.supersede
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verb
This new drug will supersede all others in the treatment of the disease: supplant, replace, take the place of, substitute
for, displace, succeed; discard, set aside.
308.supposition
noun
That was only supposition. He acted on the supposition that the public would applaud his feat: presumption,
assumption, conjecture, opinion, predication, surmise, guess, guesswork, suspicion, belief, theory, thesis, notion, view,
speculation, hypothesis, proposition, postulate, idea, given.
Antonyms
certainty, surety, fact, knowledge
310.tacit
adjective
The neighbors had a tacit agreement not to park in front of each other's houses: unexpressed, understood, assumed,
implied, inferred, implicit, wordless, undeclared, unspoken, unstated, taken for granted.
311. tangential
tangential (tan jen"sh*l), adj.
1. pertaining to or of the nature of a tangent; being or moving in the direction of a tangent.
2. incidental; peripheral.
3. divergent or digressive: tangential remarks.
312.tenuous
adjective
Some legislators made a rather tenuous argument against the bill: weak, flimsy, shaky, unsubstantial, unsupported,
slight, slim, thin, slender, frail, fragile, delicate, gossamer, shallow, paltry, unconvincing, halfhearted, uncertain,
indefinite.
Antonyms
strong, solid, valid, substantial
313.tirade
noun
The principal delivered a tirade to the disobedient students. The political candidate let loose a tirade against his
opponent: long angry speech, harangue, diatribe, jeremiad, lecture, reprimand, scolding, dressing-down, screed,
fulmination; denunciation, condemnation, castigation, vilification, invective, vituperation, curse.
Antonyms
good word, short eulogy, panegyric, complimentary speech, praising speech, laudation, commendation, homage, paean.
314.torpidity
Her torpor may be due to illness: sluggishness, slow movement, inertia, lethargy, laziness, languidness, listlessness,
lassitude, indolence, languor, apathy, passiveness, dullness; sleepiness, drowsiness, somnolence; inactivity, inertia.
Antonyms
energy, vigor, vim, pep, animation, liveliness, alertness; wide-awakeness
315.torturous
adjective
He had a torturous toothache. The losing candidate spent a torturous night listening to the election returns: torturing,
painful, agonizing, racking, cruel, anguishing, tormenting, distressing, distressful, excruciating, miserable, harrowing,
anguished, tormented, distressed, annoying, irksome, unpleasant, galling, disagreeable.
Antonyms
painless, pleasant, pleasing, delightful, enjoyable, agreeable, welcome, comforting; gratifying; contented, cheerful,
joyous, happy.
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316.tractable
adjective
A dude ranch needs tractable horses for its guests: amenable, easy to manage, manageable, easy to control, controllable,
governable, obedient, trainable, teachable, docile, tame, submissive, compliant, yielding.
Antonyms
intractable, unmanageable, uncontrollable, ungovernable, disobedient, wild, unruly, headstrong, willful, stubborn,
obstinate.
317. transgression
noun
The sinner prayed that his transgressions would be forgiven. Eavesdropping is a transgression on another's privacy:
offense, sin, misdeed, evil deed, trespass, lapse, iniquity, wrongdoing, wrong, immorality, error; infraction,
infringement, breach, encroachment, contravention, overstepping; violation, infraction, crime, lawbreaking.
Antonyms
virtue, morality, probity, righteousness, grace, good deed, merit; observance, compliance, adherence.
318. truculent
adjective
His truculent nature gets him into a lot of scrapes: belligerent, bellicose, aggressive, pugnacious, hostile, defiant, fierce,
nasty, ill-tempered, bad-tempered, ill-humored, ill-natured, snarling; surly, cross, touchy, peev-ish, snappish, petulant,
sour, ungracious, churl-ish, sulky, insolent, rude.
Antonyms
peaceful, gentle, kind, diffident, accommodating, friendly, gracious, amiable, affable.
319. vacillate
verb
1 He seemed certain about it yesterday, but today he's vacillating: waver, be irresolute, hesitate, be unsettled, be
doubtful, be changeable, fluctuate, falter, not know one's own mind, shilly-shally, hem and haw, blow hot and cold.
2 The earthquake caused the entire house to vacillate: sway, move to and fro, rock, roll, toss, pitch, shift, waver, totter,
teeter, reel, oscillate, wobble, flutter, vibrate.
Antonyms 1 be determined, be resolute, be steadfast, be certain, be settled.
320. venerate
verb
As a child he venerated his grandparents: revere, esteem, respect, honor, admire, idolize, adore, cherish, extol, glorify,
look
up to, treat with deference, pay homage to, reverence, worship, hallow.
Antonyms
scorn, disdain, contemn, despise, detest, hate, execrate, dishonor; disregard, slight, spurn.
321. veracious
adjective
The veracious reporter was a stickler for detail: honest, truthful, accurate, dependable, faithful, genuine, reliable,
trustworthy, straightforward.
322. verbose
adjective
The senator is so verbose it takes him an hour to tell a simple joke: wordy, longwinded, voluble, circumlocutory,
effusive,
grandiloquent, prolix, talkative, garrulous, gabby, loquacious.
Antonyms
terse, concise, succinct, pithy; reticent, curt, brusque.
323. viable
192 | P a g e
WORDLIST
adjective
1 The fetus is considered viable at six months. No crops are viable in this barren soil: capable of independent life, able
to
live, able to develop, able to thrive, capable of growing.
2 If the plan doesn't succeed do you have a viable alternative?: workable, practical, practicable, feasible, usable,
applicable,
adaptable.
Antonyms
1,2 nonviable.
2 unviable, impractical, useless, unworkable, unusable.
324. viscous
adjective Molasses is a liquid, but an extremely viscous one: thick, viscid, sticky, gluey, syrupy, tacky, slimy, gummy,
glutinous, Informal gooey.
325. vituperation
noun
Her simple mistake hardly merited so much vituperation: abuse, faultfinding, invective, scolding, denunciation, censure,
blame, tongue-lashing, revilement, obloquy, scurrility, castigation, tirade, calumniation.
Antonyms
praise, acclaim, adulation, flattery.
326. volatile
adjective
1 Volatile liquids must be kept in very tightly closed containers: evaporating quickly, evaporable, vaporizing, vaporous;
gaseous.
2 The situation in the Middle East is volatile: explosive, eruptive; unstable, unsettled.
3 Richard is too volatile to stick with one job very long: changeable, erratic, unstable, variable, unsteady, irresolute,
fitful, spasmodic, unpredictable, undependable, inconstant, capricious, mercurial, temperamental, moody, fickle, flighty,
giddy, frivolous; brash, reckless, wild, rash.
Antonyms
1,2,3 stable.
2 calm, peaceful.
3 constant, consistent, steady, even-tempered, dependable, resolute, determined, coolheaded, self-controlled, serious,
sober.
327. warrant
noun
1 The police have a search warrant. There is a warrant out for the suspect's arrest: authorization, permission, permit;
license.
verb
2 Such actions warrant a severe reprimand: justify, provide grounds for, give sufficient reason for; permit, authorize,
license.
3 The manufacturer warrants that all parts are new: guarantee, certify, vouch for, pledge, swear, attest, affirm, promise,
vow, avow, assure, assert, declare, asseverate, aver.
328. wary
adjective
It does no harm to be wary of new acquaintances: cautious, careful, guarded, suspicious, chary, heedful, mindful,
watchful, vigilant, on one's guard, alert, wakeful, wide-awake; discreet, circumspect, close-mouthed, prudent.
Antonyms
unwary, unsuspecting, unguarded, rash, reckless, foolhardy, careless, heedless, incautious; negligent, remiss.
329. welter
193 | P a g e
WORDLIST
verb
1 The huge waves weltered throughout the night. The dog weltered happily in the muddy puddle: roll, toss, heave,
writhe; wallow, grovel, tumble about.
noun
2 Sort this welter of dirty clothes for the laundry: jumble, mass, heap, mess, pile, hodgepodge.
3 It's hard to hear above the welter of street noises: confusion, tumult, commotion, turmoil, hubbub, racket, bustle;
turbulence, storm, tempest.
330. whimsical
adjective
1 Jerry is much too whimsical to be a businessman: fanciful, capricious, notional, eccentric, quixotic; fickle, fitful,
inconsistent, erratic, changeable, chimerical.
2 Her essay on the care and feeding of husbands is pleasantly whimsical: droll, amusing, waggish, fanciful, quaint.
Antonyms
1 staid, serious, sedate, sober, practical, down-to-earth, pragmatic, matter-of-fact; steady, consistent.
331. zealot
noun
1 It takes a real zealot to be a top-notch car salesman: believer, enthusiast, partisan, champion, devotee, fan, buff;
gogetter, pusher, hustler, live wire, eager beaver.
2 Religious zealots wanted the entire population to wear sackcloth and ashes: fanatic, true believer, obsessed person,
bigot, extremist, crank, crackpot, nut.

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141 | P a g e

COMMON ROOT WORDS AND WORD ORIGINS

chromatic, monochrome, polychrome

mobile, automobile, motion, promote, movie

thermal, thermos, thermometer

irregular, irrational, irredeemable

anguine, elapine, colubrine (garter,king), ophidian, reptilian, serpentine, viperine

HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS

38. Bolster Verb

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