CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 7

09/04/2009

Online Notes Reminder

School of Civil Engineering

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Here is support material for module

www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/FluidsLevel2

Fluid Flow in Pipes: Lecture 7

And on the VLE

Dr Andrew Sleigh
Dr Ian Goodwill
CIVE2400: Fluid Mechanics
www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/FluidsLevel2
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

2007 Exam Question

Draw diagram and collect information

Q5: Two reservoirs are connected together by a pipeline which is 200 mm in diameter
and 2000 m long for which the friction factor, f, is constant and equal to 0.0045. The
head difference between the reservoirs is 25 m and remains constant. Under these
conditions determine the flow in the pipeline. Minor losses can be ignored, however
the rejected kinetic energy should be taken into account.
[5 marks]

d = 0.2m
f = 0.0045

L = 2000m

fLQ 2
3d 5

hf

A
Q1

In this case is it worth taking into account the rejected kinetic energy?
[2 marks]

25m

15m
L1

Q2

Halfway along the pipeline there is a small fire hydrant which requires a minimum flow
of 7.5 /s and minimum pressure of 10 kN/m2 above atmospheric. Determine whether
or not the pipeline is able to satisfy these conditions and if so what will be the flow
downstream of the hydrant when it is in use. Assume that the level of the hydrant is
15 m below top water level of the upstream reservoir. In this case all minor losses
and rejected kinetic energy can be ignored.
[8 marks]
Describe with examples what is meant by minor losses in pipelines. When is it
necessary to allow for them and when can they be ignored?
[5 marks]

L2

p=10000 N/m 2
Q=0.0075m 3/s

(b) Find Q
u2
Rejected kinetic Energy, ke =

2g

H
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

hf

Ke

Q2
2 gA2

fLQ2
3d 5

Q2
2 gA2

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

Initial Q

Can the system supply the Hydrant?

d = 0.2m
f = 0.0045

What did you get for Q?

Q = 0.0514 m3/s = 51.4 litre/s

L1 = L2 = 1000m

fLQ2
3d 5

hf

A
Q1

25m

15m
L1

How do we decided if worth

taking into account Ke?
1.
Recalculate Flow not including
Ke and compare
2.
Calculate the KE head loss
and compare to total

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

Q2
L2

fLQ
3d 5
2

Ke

Q
2gA2

p=10000 N/m 2
Q=0.0075m 3/s

(b) Find Q2.

Is the pressure at hydrant > 10 kN/m 2?
Q1 = Q2 + 0.0075

hf1 hf 2

fL1Q12
3d 5

fL2 Q1

0.0075
3d 5

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 7

09/04/2009

Is the pressure sufficient i.e. > 10 kN/m2?

Is the flow sufficient for the Hydrant?

L1 =L2 =L/2=1000

fL1Q12
3d 5

fL2 Q1

0.0075
3d 5

Bernoulli between Reservoir and Hydrant

A

6d 5 H
fL

2
1

2
1

Q1 0.015 0.0075

Q1

25m

15m
L1

0 2Q12 0.015Q1
0 aQ12 bQ1

0.00752

6d H
fL

Q2

L2

p=10000 N/m 2
Q=0.0075m 3/s

c
Q

b2
2a

4ac

pA
g

Q1 = 0.055 m3/s
Q2 = 0.055 0.0075 = 0.0477 m3/s

v A2
2g

ph = 5216 N/m2

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

vh2
2g

ph
g

zA

fL1Q1
3d 5

zh

vh2
2g

Not sufficient

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

2007 Exam Question

Draw diagram and collect information

Q3 A pump is required to supply water to a header tank through a 50 mm diameter pipe

which is 100 m long and has a Darcy f equal to 0.006. It is necessary to have a
continuous record of flow in the pipe therefore an orifice gauge is included which
causes a head loss of where vp is the velocity in the pipe. The static lift between the
pump wet well and the header tank is 40 m. The relationship between head, H, and
flow, Q, for the pump is given by the following equation

Equate the pump head to system

Q in m3/s and H in metres.

H pump

Q12
2 gA2

H pump

45 27.4 Q 600 .7 Q 2

H=40m

45 27.4 Q 600 .7 Q 2

horificeplate 4
Pump

(i) under these conditions determine the flow in the pipeline

[15 marks]

v2

4Q 2
2 gAp

2g

Orifice plate
L=100m
d =0.05m

(ii) if the maximum efficiency of the pump is achieved when the flow is 5 /s then how
could the system be redesigned so that the pump would operate at this efficiency
[5 marks]

f =0.006

Hpump = H + hf + horifice place

45 27.4 Q 600 .7 Q 2
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

fLQ2
3d 5

40

Q2
2 gA2

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

Calculate Q

Try Question 1

45 27.4 Q 600 .7 Q 2
fL
3d 5

600 .7

aQ

fL
600 .7
3d 5

40

4
Q2
2 gA2

fLQ
3d 5

27.4 Q

Q
2 gA2

www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/FluidsLevel2
Adding pipe to increase flow
As in notes but slightly more tricky

40 45

bQ c
A

4
2
2 Ap g

b2
2a

4ac
hf1

L2= unknown
d2=0.2m
f2=0.008
hf2

10m

27.4

c 40 45

hf3

Q = 0.0027 m3/s
Q = 2.7 litres/s
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow Lecture 7

CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 7

09/04/2009

Todays lecture:
Example of Pipeline Analysis
Head loss in pipes various
arrangements
Exam questions

13