Dr.

NAVALAR NEDUNCHEZHIYAN COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
Tholudur, Cuddalore (Dt) 606 303.

QUESTION BANK
Subject Code/Subject: EC2253/ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Name : U.SATHIYABAMA

Designation : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Dept : ECE

Semester

: IV

UNIT I
STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS

Introduction to Co-ordinate System Rectangular Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinate

System Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals Definition of Curl, Divergence
and Gradient Meaning of Stokes theorem and Divergence theorem Coulombs Law in Vector
Form Definition of Electric Field Intensity Principle of Superposition Electric Field due to
discrete charges Electric field due to continuous charge distribution - Electric Field due to
charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and finite line Electric Field on the axis of a
uniformly charged circular disc Electric Field due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.
Electric Scalar Potential Relationship between potential and electric field Potential due to
infinite uniformly charged line Potential due to electrical dipole - Electric Flux Density
Gauss Law Proof of Gauss Law Applications.

PART A

(1 MARK)

1. Scalar is a quantity which has only

a) magnitude b) direction
c) both d) none of these
2. Vector is a quantity which has only
a) direction only
b) magnitude only
c) magnitude & direction
d) none of these
3) All the vectors which has equal magnitude , same direction , same sense that vectors are known as
a) zero vectors
b) equal vectors c) Like vectors d) Unlike vectors
4) Scalar product of two vector is
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) both
d) none
5) Distance between two points in Cartesian Co-Ordinates is given by
a) d= (

b) d= (

c) d= (

) (
) (
)
d) d= (
6) Distance between two points in cylindrical Co-Ordinates is given by
a) d= (r12+ r22-2r1r2sin(2- 1)+ (z2-z1)2)1/2
b) d= (r12+ r22-2r1r2cos (2- 1)+ (z2-z1)2)
c) d= (r12+ r22+2r1r2cos (2- 1)- (z2-z1)2)

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

d)d= (r12+ r22-2r1r2cos (2- 1)+ (z2-z1)2)1/2

7) Coulombs law gives the relation between
a) forces
b)acceleration c) forces & acceleration
8) Electric field Intensity
a) =
b) =
c) =
d) none

d) forces & charges

9) Line Charge
a) v=DQ/dv
b) s=DQ/ dS
c)dQ=l dl
d) none
10) Definition of volt w.r.t Couloumb
a) 1 volt = 1 joule/ vector
b) 1 volt = 1 joule/1 couloumb
c) 1 volt = 1 coloumb/ 1 joule d) none
11) Potential difference
a)W=-Q

b) W=-Q

C) VAB =

d) VAB = - .

.dl

12) When the two equal magnitude & opposite sign charges are seperated by a small distance, the system is called
a) electric dipole b) magnitude of charge c) distance between two charges d) none
13. The total number of lines of force in any particular electric field is called
a) Surface charge
b) Electric dipole
c) Electric flux d) line charge
14. Three points charges Q1=30nc, Q2=150nc, Q3=-70nc are enclosed by surfaces, what net flux crosses S ?
a) 140nc
b) 260nc
c) 680
d) 110nc
15. Limitation of Gauss s law
a) applied only for asymmetry condition exist b) applied only for symmetry condition exist
c) applied for both
d) none
16. If the divergence of a vector field is equal to zero then the vector field is called as
a) Electric field b) Solenoidal field
c) Vector field d) none
17. Strokes Theorem
a) = (

c) = (

b) = (

d) = ( )

18. Given = 4 + 10, B=2 + find the projection of on .

a) /12
b) 17/
c) /76 d) 12/
19. Absolute potential is defined as
a) V= Q/40 b) V= Q/40r c) V= C/40r d) V= Q/40r
20. Acceleration is an example for
a) Vector
b) Scalar
c) both
d) none.
ANSWERS:

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

PART-B

(2 MARKS)

21. What is a Scalar quantity?

A Quantity which has magnitude only is called Scalar quantity. It is represented by length. EG:
Temperature, Mass, Volume and Energy.
22. What is a Vector quantity?
A Quantity which has both magnitude and direction is called Vector quantity. It is graphically represented
by a line with an arrow to show magnitude and direction.EG: Force, Velocity, and Acceleration
23. Define Unit Vector?
A Vector which has magnitude unity and defining the same direction as given vector.
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

24. Give the properties of Vectors.

1) Vector addition obeys commutative law
A + = B +A
2) Vector addition obeys associative law
A + (B +C) = (A + B) + C
3) - A is also a vector. It has same magnitude; its direction is 1800 away from
Direction of A. A B = A + (- B)
25. Define Scalar or Dot Product.
A.B = ABcos 0 where A = A and B = B and angle between two vectors. It is
denoted as A.B It is the product of magnitudes of A and B and the cosine of the angle between them.
26. Define Cross or Vector product.
It is denoted as A B.It is a vector whose magnitude is equal to the product of magnitudes of two vectors
multiplied by the sine angle between them and direction perpendicular to plane containing A and B.
A B = AB sin 0 Where A = A , B = B and is the angle between two vectors.
27. Write the BAC- CAB rule
A (B C) = B(A.C) C(A.B).
28. Define Coordinate system and give its types.
A system in which a vector can be described by its length, direction ,projections, angles or components is
Coordinate system.
There are three types in coordinate system.
a) rectangular coordinate system: x, y, z
b) Cylindrical coordinate system: r, , z
c) Spherical coordinate system: r, ,
29. Give the conversion of cylindrical to Cartesian and Cartesian to cylindrical.
cylindrical to Cartesian
Cartesian to cylindrical.
Given (r, , z)
Given (x,y,z)
x = r cos
r = x2 + y2
y = r sin
= tan-1(y/x)
z=z
z=z
30. Give the conversion of Cartesian to spherical.
Given (x , y , z )
r = x2 + y2 + z2 r 0
= cos-1(z / r) 0
= tan-1(y/x)
02
31. Give the conversion of spherical to Cartesian
Given (r, , )
x = r sin cos
y = r sin sin
z = r cos
32. Define Gradient.
It is the space rate of change of a scalar field at a given time. When the operator Operates on a scalar
function the resultant is a vector called gradiant
Grad V = Vax/x +Vay/y+ Vaz/z
33. Define divergence
It is the spatial derivative of a vector field. The dot product of Del and any vector is called divergence
.D = Dx/x +Dy/y+ Dz/z
34. Define divergence theorem.
[NOV 2003] [APRIL 2005]
The volume integral of the divergence of a vector field equal the total out ward flux of vector through the
surface that bounds the volume
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

 .A dv = .A ds
35. Define stokes theorem
[AU- NOV-08]
The surface integral of the curl of a vector field over an open surface is equal to closed line integral of the
vector along the contour bounding the surface
X A ds = .A dl
36. Define the term electrostatics
It is the study of the effect of electric charges which are static or rest
37. What is static electric field?
The electric field produced by static electric charge is time invariant i.e. it does not vary with time, so
called as static electric field
38. State coulombs law
[TAU- NOV-09]
It states that force between two charges 1 and 2 is directly proportional to the product of charges
inversely proportional to square of the distance between them(R2)
39. What are the types of charge distributors?
There are 4 types of charge distributors, namely
a)
Line charge b) Point charge c)
Surface charge d) Volume charge
40. Define point charge
Point charge is one whose maximum dimension is very small in comparison with any other length .
41. Define line charge
If the charge is uniformly distributed along a line, it is called line charge. The line may be finite or infinite
42. Define surface charge
If the charge is distributed uniformly over a two dimensional surface then it is called surface charge
43. Define volume charge
If the charge is distributed uniformly over a volume then it is called as a volume charge
44. Define surface charge density
It is denoted as is defined as charge per unit area
S = total charge/total area in C/m2
45. Define volume charge density.
It is denoted as v and is defined as charge per unit volume
V = total charge/total volume in C/m3
46. Define electric field intensity.
It is defined as the force exerted per unit charge. It is a vector quantity
47. Give the formula for electric field intensity at a point due to n number of point charges. [ AU-NOV 2006 ]
E = 1/40
Where E-electric field intensity V/m
Qi-charges due to n number of charges
Ri-radius of P
48. Give the principle of superposition. [ NOV 2002 ]
If a system consists of n point charges namely q1,q2 .qn, then the force on its charge is given by
the vector sum of all the individual forces given by coulombs law. This is linear superstition.
49. Define Potential.
Work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to any point is called potential. Unit is volts.
50. Define Electric scalar potential.
It can be written as negative of gradient of potential.
51. Give the relation between electric field and potential. [AU-NOV 2009]
E = V V/m
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

d
Where E Electric field intensity
V Potential
d Distance.
52. Define Electric flux.
It states that the electric flus through any surface equal the integral of the flux density over the surface.
= D.ds
Where - electric flux through the surface (coulomb)
D - Flux density (c/m2)
53. State Gauss law.
[AU-NOV 2006, MAY - 09 ]
The electric flux through the surface is equal to the total charge enclosed by the surface (for any closed
surface)
D.ds = Q
Where D flux density vector at any point P.
ds Small vector area in the surface at point P.
Q - Total charge enclosed by the surface.
54. Define equipotential surface.
It is the surface in which all the points will have the same absolute potential.
PART-C
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.

(16 MARKS)

State and prove Gauss law. [AU-Jun-09, AU-May-08]

State and explain Coulombs law. [AU-May-08]
Determine the electric field intensity due to an infinite line charge having uniform charge density of
row L c/m at any point p. [AU-Dec-08]
State and explain stokes theorem.
State and explain Divergence theorem. [AU-NOV -08]
Explain about superposition principle in electro statics.
Determine the electric field intensity due to finite line charge having uniform line charge density
at any point p.
Determine the electric field intensity on the axis of uniformly charged circular disc. [AU-MAY-07,
AU NOV-07, AU-MAY 09]
Derive an expression for electric field intensity due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.
Define electric potential. Derive an expression for potential due to point charge.
Define and derive an expression for potential due to electric dipole. [ TAU-NOV 09 ]
Derive the relation between potential and electric field intensity. [ AU-NOV 2009 ]
Explain about applications of Gauss law. [ AU-NOV 2006, MAY - 09 ]

UNIT II
STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD

The Biot-Savart Law in vector form Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite wire
carrying a current I Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and rectangular loop
carrying a current I Amperes circuital law and simple applications. Magnetic flux density
The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications Force on a wire carrying a
current I placed in a magnetic field Torque on a loop carrying a current I Magnetic moment
Magnetic Vector Potential.
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

PART A
68. The region around a magnet and the influence of magnet that can be experienced is
a) magnetic field b) magnetic flux density c) Electric field d) Electric field density
69. Amperes Circuital law
a) = Ienc

b) = Ienc

c) = V

(1 MARK)

d) = Ienc

70. Magnetic flux density

a) B = I/A wb/m2
b. B = /I wb/m2 c. B = /A wb/m2
d. B = /V wb/m2
71. Relation between Magnetic flux density and Magnetic flux intensity
a) =
b) =
c) =
d) =
72. The coil wound on the ring shaped former in called as
a) Solenoid b) toroid
c) Solenoid& toroid d) none
73. Vector product of magnetic moment & magnetic flux density
a) Flux density
b) force
c) flux
d) Torque
74. The product of Current &area is called
a) Magnetic moment b) magnetic flux density c) current d) magnetic field intensity
75. Laplaces Equation of magnetic field
a) 2 Vm=0 b) 2 Vm2=0 c) 2 Vm=1 d) 2 m=0
76. Poissins equation of magnetic field
a) 2 x = -
b) x = -0
c) 2 x = -0
d) 2 x = -0
77. Biot Savart Law
a) = I Sin/4R2
c)

b) = I Sin/4R2

= I Sin/4R2 d)

= I cos/4R2

78. Find the field intensity H, if B is free space is 6 X 10-7 tesla

a) 4.5 A/m
b) 1.5 A/m
c) 5.5 A/m
d) 7 A/m
79. Lorentz force
a) = I( + X )
b) = V( + X )
c) = q( + +)

d) = q( + X )

80. Magnetic field intensity is directly proportional to the product of current and length this law is known
as
a) Biot Savart Law b)Lenz law c) Amperes circuital law
d) Refraction Law
81. Vector form of Biot Savart Law
a) = (I X ) / R2
b) = (I X ) / 4 R
c) = (I X ) / 4 R2

d) = (I X ) / 2 R2

82. Scalar quantity whose negative gradient gives the magnetic field intensity if these is no current source
exist (ie) known as
a) Magnetic vector potential b) magnetic flux density
c) Electric field intensity
d) magnetic Scalar potential
83. Magnetic Scalar potential is denoted as
a) = -Vm b) = Vm
c) = -Vm d) = -Vm
84. Magnetic Vector potential is denoted as
a) = VX
b) = X
c) = X

d) = X

85. A long conductor with current 5A is in coincident with positive z direction. If find force per unit
length
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

a) 20(

+ ) N/m.

b) 20(

) N/m.

c) 40(

) N/m. d) 60(

) N/m.

86. Curl of gradient of any scalar quantity is equal to

a) 1 b)100 c) ve
d) 0
87. Two wires carrying in the same direction of 500 A & 750 A are placed with their axes 5 an apart .
Calculate the force between them
a) F=0.55N b) F=75N
c) F=0.75N d) F=0.95N
ANSWERS:
68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88. Define Biot Savart Law?

PART-B
[AU-NOV 06, MAY-07, MAY-09]

(2 MARKS)

The magnetic flux density produced by a current element at any point in a magnetic field is proportional to the
current element and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
= I Sin/4R2
where,
dB is magnetic flux density by a current element
I dl is the current element
R is the distance between point and current element.
89. State Amperes Law [TAU-MAY- 09, AU-NOV-07]
Magnetic field Intensity around a closed path is equal to the current enclosed by the path
= Ienc

90. What is the relation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field Intensity.
=
Where
B
H
m0
mr

Magnetic flux density (Tesla)

Magnetic Field Intensity (A/m)
Permeability of free space
Relative permeability of medium

91. What is magnetic dipole moment.

[AU-NOV 07, AU-MAY 09]

Magnetic dipole moment is the product of current and area of loop. Its direction is normal to loop
M = IA
Where
M is magnetic dipole moment
I is the current
A is the area

92. Define Magnetic Flux Density

It is flux per unit area
B = f/A Wb/m2 or Tesla.
f
Flux (Wb)
A
Area (m2)

93. Give Lorentz force Equation

It is expressed as follows.
= q( + X )

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

where
F
q
v
B

- Lorentz force
- Charge of the moving charge
-Velocity of charge
-Magnetic field.

94. What is the expression for the torque experienced by a current carrying loop, placed in a magnetic
field. [April 2003]
T
m
T
where
m
A
-

Torque experienced by a current carrying loop, placed in a magnetic field is given by

=
BIA cos q
=
IA
=
mB cos q or T = m x B
magnetic moment
Area (m2)

-A m2.

95. Can a magnetic field exist in a good conductor if it is static or time varying? Explain

Yes, magnetic field exist in a good conductor if the field is static or Time Varying.
For a good conductor, conductuvity is high and current exists. But, Static or time varying Magnetic field exists.

96. What is the maximum torque on a square loop of 1000 turns in a field of intensity of 1 Tesla. The loop
has 10 cm sides and carries 3A. What is magnetic moment of loop?
Solution:
N
=
1000
a
=
0.1 m
I
=
3A
B
=
1 Tesla
Area =
0.01m2
Torque
=
=
=
Magnetic Moment
=
=
=

IAB
3 x 0.01 x 1
0.03 N-m
IA
3 x 0.01
0.03 Amp. m2

97. Find the maximum torque on a n 100 turn rectangular coil, 0.2 m by 0.3m, carrying
in the field of flux density 5 Wb/m2?

a current of 2A

Solution:
Given
N
A
I
B
Tmax
Tmax

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

100
0.2 x0.3 = 0.06 m2
2A
5 Wb/m2
NIAB
100 x 2 x 0.06 x 5
60 N-m

PART C

(16 MARKS)

98.
State and explain Biot-savarts law.
99.
Obtain the expression for magnetic field intensity due to infinite long straight wire
carrying a steady current I. [MAY - 08]
100. Derive the expression for H due to finite length wire carrying a steady current I.
101. Derive the expression for H due to square loop carrying current I at the centre.[June - 07]
102. State and prove Amperes circuital law. [AU-NOV 06, MAY 09]
103. Explain about any two applications of Amperes circuital law.
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

104. Write out note on vector and scalar potential.

[AU-NOV 06, NOV-08 MAY 09]
105. Obtain the expression for torque.
106. Obtain the expression for force between two current carrying conductors.
107. Explain about Lorentz force. Obtain the expression for H at any point on the axis of circular loop
carrying current I and deduce H in the center of the circular loop. [MAY 08, NOV 06,MAY 07]
108. Write note on: (a) Solenoid (b) Toroid
109. Derive an expression for magnetic gauss law in point form and integral from[AUMay08 ]

UNIT III
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS

Poissons and Laplaces equation Electric Polarization-Nature of dielectric materialsDefinition of Capacitance Capacitance of various geometries using Laplaces equation
Electrostatic energy and energy density Boundary conditions for electric fields Electric
current Current density point form of ohms law continuity equation for
current.Definition of Inductance Inductance of loops and solenoids Definition of mutual
inductance simple examples. Energy density in magnetic fields Nature of magnetic
materials magnetization and permeability - magnetic boundary conditions.
PART A
110. Define polarization
a) = (VX )/Q
b) = (QX )/V

c) = (QX )/V

(1 MARK)
d) H= (QX )/V

111. Capacitor stores the energy in the form of electric field is known as,
a) Electrostatic Energy
b) magnetic Energy c) magnetic & Electric Energy d) none
112. Refraction Law
a) tan1 / tan1 = 1/2 b) tan1 / tan1 = 2/1 c) tan1 / tan2 = 1/2 d) sin1 / sin1 = 1/2
113. Self inductance is
a) L=N/I
b) V=N/I
c) I=N/L
d) L=N/I
114. Mutual Inductance
a) M12 = N112 / I2
b) M22 = N112 / I2
c) M21 = N212 / I2
d) M11 = N112 / I1
115. Temp at which ferromagnetic material, becomes paramagnetic material
a) room temp b) Curie temp c) maximum temp
d) minimum temp
116. Expression for parallel plate capacitor
a) I= A/d
b) V= A/d c) C= V/d
d) A/d
117. Permeability of the medium
a) = 0 r b) = 0 r c) = 0 r d) = 0 r
118. Susceptance is
a) = dl. b) = Xm c) = Xm d) = Xm
119. ------------- is defined aas Magnetic moment per unit volume as volume shrinks to zero
a) electrolization
b) Magnetization
c) Both
d) none
120. Voltage between the 0.625 F Capacitor is 4V. Find Energy stored in the Capacitor.
a) WE = 5 J b) WE = 9 J c) WE = 10 J
d) WE = 55J
121. Magnetic boundary conditions for current free region
a) Ht1 = Ht2
b) Pt1= Ht1
c) Pt1= Pt1
d) Ht1 = Pt2
122. Magnetic boundary conditions for current Sheet with current density k.
a) Ht1 - Ht2 = K
b) Pt1 - Ht2 = K
c) Ht1 - Pt2 = K
d) Pt1 - Pt2 = K
123. Electric energy is denoted as
a) WE = 4/2
b) WE = 1/4
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

c) WE =
d) WE =
124. Energy stored in Capacitor
a) WE = C2
b) WE = CV2
c) WE = PV2
d) WE = CV2
125. Capacitance of Co axial cable
a) C= (2 l )/ ln(a/b) , b>a
b) C= (2l )/ (a/b), b>a
c) C= (2 )/ ln(a/b) b>a
d) C= (2 l )/ ln(b) a>b
126. Find the inductance of a solenoid with 300 turns l=0.5 m & a circular cross section of radius 0.02m
a) L= 84H b) L= 684H c) L= 284H d) L= 294H
127. A current of 2A flowing in an inductor of inductance 100mk. What is the energy stored in the
inductor.
a) Wm = 400mJ
b) Wm = 200mJ
c) Wm = 800mJ
d) Wm = 600mJ
128. If the magnetic material has r > 1 means that is known as
a) Ferromagnetic
b) Diamagnetic
c) a&b
d) Paramagnetic
129. Dipole moment is given by
a) = qX
b) = VX
c) = VX
d) = VX
ANSWERS:
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124
C

A
125 126 127 128 129
A

A
PART B

(2 MARKS)

130. Write the poissons and laplace equation.[AU May, 09,Nov 07, MAY-07,TAU May 09]
Poissons equation is
2V = - /
2V + 2V + 2V
x2
y2
z2
where
volume charge density
permittivity of the medium
2 laplacian operator
Laplace equation is
2
V=0
2V + 2V + 2V = 0
x2
y2
z2
131. Obtain Poissons equation from Gausss law?
Gauss law in point form is
.D =
where
D electric flux density
- volume charge density
but D = E
therefore .E =
. E = /
but E = - V
- . V = /
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

2V = - /
This is poissons equation
132. What is a capacitor?
A capacitor is an electric device which consists of two conductors separated by a dielectric medium
which can store equal and opposite charges .
133. Express laplace equation in Cartesian coordinate system[ april 2003]
Laplace equation 2V = 0
In Cartesian coordinate system
2V + 2V + 2 V
=0
2
2
2
x
y
z
134. Express laplace equation in cylindrical coordinate system [ april 2003]
In cylindrical coordinate system,
1 2V
1 2V
2V
+
+
=0
2
2
2
2


z
135. Define Magnetic dipole [ nov 2003]
A small bar magnet with pole strength m and length l may be trated as small bar magnet. A small
current carrying loop is called a magnetic dipole.
136. What is magnetic dipole moment?
It is the product of current and area of the loop .Its direction is normal to the loop. m = I *A
where
m magnetic dipole moment
I current in the loop
A Area of the loop.
137. Define magnetization.[AU-NOV,06]
It is defined as ratio of magnetic dipole moment to unit volume.
M = Magnetic dipole moment = m
Volume
V
138. What is the relation between relative permeability and susceptibility.
A = 1 + Xm
where A - relative permeability
Xm - susceptibility
139. What are the different types of magnetic materials [AU-NOV,2008/APR 08]
According to their behaviour ,magnetic materials are classified as diamagnetic ,paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic materials.
140. Define mmf?
Magnetomotive force of a magnetic circuit is equal to the line integral of magnetic field H around the
closed circuit.
Mmf = H.dl = NI amp-turns.
141. What is the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor?
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
C = A 0 r / d farad
Where
A area of the capacitor
d distance between the parallel plates
142. State the boundary conditions at the interface between two perfect dielectrics
a) The tangential component of electric field is continuous
Et1 = Et2
b) The normal component of electric flux density is continuous.
Dn1 = Dn2
143. Define Boundary conditions.
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

The conditions existing at the boundary of the two media when field passes from one medium to other are called
boundary conditions.
144. Write down the magnetic boundary conditions
a)The normal components of flux density B is continuous across the
boundary.
Bn1 = Bn2
b)The tangential component of field intensity H is continuous across the
boundary
Ht1 = Ht2
145. Define Polarization
The product of charge Q and length l between dipole is dipole moment.
Dipole moment per unit volume is called polarization,a vector field directed from Q to +Q .
P = Ql/Al =
Q/A ul where ul is unit vector directed Q to +Q.
146. Define Hysteresis: (April / 2003)
The phenomenon which causes magnetic flux density (B) ot lag behind magnetic field intensity is called
Hysteresis.
PART C

(16 MARKS)

147. Derive an expression for the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor using Laplaces equation.
148. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor with conducting shells of radius a
and b. [AU-May-09,AU-May-07,AU-Nov-06,AU-Nov-07]
149. State and explain poissons and Laplaces equation. [AU-Nov-06]
150. Define electric polarization and derive expression for the same. [AU-Nov-06]
151. Write notes on Nature of dielectric materials. [AU-May-07]
152. Derive an expression for electrostatic energy and density in a capacitor. [AU-May-09,TAU-May09,AU-Nov-07]
153. Derive the boundary conditions between conductors and free space. [AU-Nov-08, TAU-May-09]
154. Obtain the boundary conditions between two perfect dielectrics. [AU-May-07, AU-Nov-07, AU-Nov06]
155. Obtain an expression for Ohms law in point form and integral form. [AU-Nov-06]
156. Derive an expression for the inductance of solenoid. [AU-Nov-07]
157. Derive an expression for the inductance of co-axial cable. [AU-Nov-07, AU-Apr-08]
158. Derive an expression for the inductance of toroid. [AU-May-07]
159. State and explain magnetization.[ TAU-May-07, AU-Nov-07]
160. Obtain boundary condition between two magnetic materials.[ AU-Nov-06,AU-May-07,AU-May08,AU-May-09]
161. Obtain an expression for the energy stored in inductor. [AU-May-09,AU-Nov-06]
162. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with two dielectric media.[
AU-Nov-07]
163. Derive an expression for the capacitance of co-axial cable with two Di-electrics.
[ AU-May-07]
.

UNIT IV
TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

Faradays law Maxwells Second Equation in integral form from Faradays Law Equation
expressed in point form. Displacement current Amperes circuital law in integral form
Modified form of Amperes circuital law as Maxwells first equation in integral form
Equation expressed in point form. Maxwells four equations in integral form and differential
form. Poynting Vector and the flow of power Power flow in a co-axial cable Instantaneous
Average and Complex Poynting Vector.

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

PART A
(1 MARK)
164. Electromotive force around a closed path is equal to the rate of change of total flux- linkage enclosed
by that path. This statement is known as
a) Faradays law
b) Lenzs law
c) Amperes Circuital law d) Pointing therom
165. Displacement current concept was introduced to indicate the production of magnetic fields in
a) air space b) Empty free space c) both
d) none
166. ---------------------- law states that the line of integral of magnetic field intensity over the closed path is
equal to the total current enclosed by the path.
a )LENZS law
b) FARADAYS law
c) AMPERES CIRCUITAL law d) POINTING therom
167. MAXWELLS First equation is obtained from law
a) AMPERES CIRCUITAL law
b) FARADAYS law
c) LENZS law
d) POINTING therom
168. MAXWELLS Second equation is obtained from
a) POINTING therom
b) LENZS law
c) AMPERES CIRCUITAL law
d)FARADAYS law
169. MAXWELLS Third equation is obtained from
a) GAUSSS LAW of Magnetic Field
b)GAUSSS LAW of Electric Field
c) AMPERESCIRCUITAL
d) POINTING THEROM
170. MAXWELLS Fourth equation is obtained from
a) AMPERESCIRCUITAL
b)GAUSSS LAW of Electric Field
c) GAUSSS LAW of Magnetic Field
d) POINTING THEROM
171. FARADAYS LAW is defined as
a) emf= -d/dt volts b) emf= - N(d/dt )volts
c)emf = d/dp volts d) a&b
172. Point form of Maxwells Equation derived from Guasss law for Magnetic field
a) .
b) .
C) .
d) none
173.Conduction curent density
a) V= IcR
b) Jc= Ic/B
c) Ic= Ic/A
d) Jc= Ic/A
174.Displacement current density
a) Jd=Id/A
b) Jd=Id/Ic
c) Jd=A/Ic
d) Jd=V /A
175. Current passing through the resister due to actual motion of charges.
a) Displacement current
b)Conduction Current
c) Conduction Current density
d) Displacement current density
176. Pointing theorem
a) = x VA/m2 b) = x VA/m2 c) = x m2
d) = x m2
177.Complex Pointing theorem
a) =1/2 Re [ x ]
b) =1/2 img [ x ]

c) = Re [ x ]

d) =1/2 Re [ x ]

178 Point form of Maxwells Equation derived from Guasss law for Electric field
a) . = v b) . = v c) . = d) . = H xV
179. In free space (z,t) = 50 cos(t-z) V/m. Find the avg. power crossing a circular area of radius 2.5
m in a plane z= constant.
a) 34.watt
b) 10.5watt c)89.4watt
d)65.1 watt
180. Point form of Maxwells first Equation.
a) x = +( / )
b) = +( / )
c) x = -(

Department of ECE

d) = +(

)
Electromagnetic Fields

181. Give the conduction current density in a lossy dielectric as J=0.02 Sin109t sin109 t A/m2. Find the
displacement current density if =103 mho/m and r=6.5.
a) 2.23 Sin109t b)1.15 Sin109t
c)8.56 Sin109t
d)9.34 Sin109t
182. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
a) C=A/0
b) C=A/0
c) C=A/d
d)C=A/d
183. State lenz law.
a) emf= - N(d/dt ) b) emf= N(d/dt ) volts
c)emf= - Nd volts d) emf= -d/dt volts
184. For free Space Volume charge density , conductivity
a) v = 1 & = 0
b) v = 0 & = 0
c) v = 0 & = 1
d) v = 1 & = 1

ANSWERS:
164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 178 179
A

180 181 182 183 184

A

B
PART B

(2 MARKS)

185. State Faradays law. [TAU MAY -09]

Faradays law states that, the total emf induced in a closed circuit is
equal to the time rate of decrease of the total magnetic flux linking the circuit.

d
dt

186. Give the Maxwells equation I in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation I is derived from the Amperes circuital law which states that the line
integral of magnetic field intensity H on any closed path is equal to the current enclosed by that path.

H.dl I
Maxwells equation I in integral form is

H
.
dl

ds

s
t
Maxwells equation I in point form is

H E

E
t

The magneto motive force around a closed path is equal to the sum of the conduction current and
displacement current enclosed by the path.
187. Give the Maxwells equation II in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation II is derived from Faradays law which states that the emf induced in a
circuit is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linkage in the circuit.

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

d
dt

Maxwells equation - II in integral form is

E.dl

H
ds
t

Maxwells equation II in point form is

B
t

The electro motive force around a closed path is equal to the magnetic displacement (flux density) through
that closed path.
188. Give the Maxwells equation III in both integral form and point form.
The Maxwells equation III is derived from electric Gausss law which states that the electric

flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed by the surface
Maxwells equation III in integral form is

D.ds dv
s

Maxwells equation III in point form is

The total electric displacement through the surface enclosing a volume is equal to the total charge within
the volume.
189. Give the Maxwells equation IV in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation IV is derived from magnetic Gausss law which states that, the total
magnetic flux through any closed surface is equal to zero.

Maxwells equation IV in integral form is

B.ds 0
s

Maxwells equation IV in point form is

B 0
The net magnetic flux emerging through any closed surface is zero.
190. Distinguish between Self inductance and Mutual inductance.
Self inductance of a circuit is the property of the circuit by which changing current induces emf in
the circuit to oppose the changing current. Hence it is the rate of total magnetic flux linkage to the current
through the coil.

LN

d
di

Henry

The mutual inductance between two coils is defined as the rate of induced magnetic flux linkage in one
coil to the current through the other coil.
Department of ECE

M N1

21
i2

Henry
Electromagnetic Fields

191. What is a transformer?

A transformer is a static device by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into
electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. It consists of two inductive coils which are electrically
separated but magnetically linked through a path of low reluctance. The two coils have high mutual inductance.
192. Distinguish between the conduction current and displacement current.
Conduction current Ic is flowing through a conductor having resistance R, when potential V is
applied across the conductor.

Ic

V
R

Displacement current ID is flowing through a capacitor when ac voltage is applied across the capacitor.

ID C

dV
dt

193. Define Poynting vector.[AU-NOV 06,MAY-07,NOV-07,MAY-08,NOV-08]

The pointing vector is a vector that gives the relation between the rate of the energy transfer in an
electromagnetic wave and the amplitudes of electric and magnetic field intensities of the electromagnetic wave.
194. State Poynting theorem.
The poynting theorem states that the vector product of electric field intensity and magnetic field
intensity at any point is a measure of the rate of energy flow per unit area at that point.

P EH
The direction of flow P is perpendicular to E and H.
195. What are the boundary conditions between the two different magnetic materials?
The boundary conditions between the two different magnetic materials are:
The tangential component of magnetic field intensity is continuous across the boundary.
The normal component of magnetic flux density is continuous across the boundary.
The flux crossing the boundary gets refracted.

tan 1 1

tan 2 2
where, 1 and 2 are the angles made by the flux line with the normal to the boundary in medium 1 and 2
respectively.
1 and 2 are the absolute permeabilities of the mediums 1 and 2 respectively.
196. What is an emf?
An electro-motive force is a voltage that arises from conductors moving in a magnetic field or from changing
magnetic fields.
PART C
(16 MARKS)
197. Write note on: (a) Conduction Current. (b) Displacement current.(TAu-May-2009)
198. Explain Faradays law.
199. Derive the Maxwells equation from Faradays law.(Nov-06)
200. Derive the Maxwells equation from Amperes law (or) prove that
201. Derive the Maxwells four equations for free space.
202. Derive the Maxwells four equations for static field.
203. Derive the Maxwells four equations for time varying fields.(AU-Nov-2006,May-2007,Nov2007,May-2008,Nov-2008,May-2009)
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

204. Derive the relation between condition current density and displacement current density. Hence
deduce that
205. Derive the Maxwell equation for harmonically time varying fields.(Tau-May-2009)
206. Derive the Poyntion vector from Maxwells equation for the general case. (AU-Nov-06,May2007,Nov-2007,May-2008,Nov-2008)
207. Derive the expression for flow of power(AU-May-07)
208. Derive the expression for power flow in a waxial cable.(AU-Nov-06)
209. Explain brietly about the Motional emf and derive an expression for it.(AU-Nov-07,May-09)

UNIT V
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Derivation of Wave Equation Uniform Plane Waves Maxwells equation in Phasor form
Wave equation in Phasor form Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material.
Wave equation for a conducting medium Plane waves in lossy dielectrics Propagation in
good conductors Skin effect. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization Reflection of Plane
Wave from a conductor normal incidence Reflection of Plane Waves by a perfect dielectric
normal and oblique incidence. Dependence on Polarization. Brewster angle
PART A
(1 MARK)
210. For the wave, if the phase of all the points on a plane surface is same then wave is called as
a) Plane Wave.
b) Circular wave
c) parallel wave
d) linear wave.
211. For the plane wave , if the amplitude is constant over the plane surface then it is called as
a) Circular wave
b) parallel wave c) linear wave.
d)uniform plane wave.
212. If the direction of the resultant vector is constant with time , the wave is said is to be
a) linearly polarized. b) circularly polarized.
c) Elliptically polarized.
d) none
213. If Ex and E y have different amplitudes and /2 radian phase difference then the locus of the resultant
E is elliptical and the wave is said to be
a) linearly polarized. b)Elliptically polarized.
c) circularly polarized.
d) a&b
214. Depending upon the manner in which the uniform phase incident on the boundary,
a) Normal incidence & Oblique incidence b) Oblique incidence only
c) Normal incidence only
d) none.
215. If a uniform plane wave incidences normally to the boundary between the two media then it is known
is
a) Normal incidence
b) Oblique incidence
c) Normal incidence & Oblique incidence d) none.
216. If a uniform plane wave incidences Obliquely to the boundary between the two media then it is known
is
a) Normal incidence & Oblique incidence b) Normal incidence
c)Oblique incidence
d) none.
217. By Snells Law, the refractive index is defined as
a) = sin i / sin r
b) = sin i / cos I c) = cos i / cos I d) = cos i / cos r
218. ------------ is the angle at which no reflection takes place . It is occurred when the wave is parallelly
polarized.
a) Tangent Angle
b)Brewster angle.
c) both
d) none
219. Loss Tangent is defined as
a) /m
b)
c)
/ d) /A
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

220. The depth in which the wave has been attenuated to approximately 36.7% of its initial value is known
as
a) circular effect
b) polar effect c) linear effect
d)Skin effect
221. Helmholtz Equation
a)2 +2 = 0.
b) 2 -2 = 0.
c) 2 +2 = 1.
d) + = 0.
222. Characteristic impedence
a) = /
b) = /
c) = /

d) = /

223. Equation for Characteristic impedence of the free space

a) 0 =
b) 0 = / 0
224. Equation for Brewster angle.

c) = /

d) 0 = 0/0

a) n = tan-1(
1) b) = tan(
1)
c) n = tan-1( ) d) n = Sin-1(
1)
225. Another name for skin effect is known as
a) brewstar angle
b) depth of the polarization c)Skin depth d) a&b
226. A 10 GHz plane wave travelling in free space has an amplitude Ex = 10 V\m. Find the Phase velocity ,
a) 8x108 m/s
b) 4x108 m/s
c) 3x106 m/s d)3x108 m/s
227. A 300 MHZ uniform plane wave propagates through fresh water for which = 0, r = 1, r = 78
calculate Phase constant,
a)85.529 rad/m
b)55.529 rad/m
c) 99.529 rad/m
d) 15.529 rad/m
228. Find the depth of penetration of a plane wave in copper at power frequency of 60 Hz and at
microwave frequency 1010 Hz [Assume = 5.8x10 7 & r = 1]
a) 8.53x10 -3 m & 10.942x 10 -3 m b) 9.53x10 -3 m & 20.942x 10 -3 m
c) 67.53x10 -3 m & 19.942x 10 -3 m d) 64.53x10 -3 m & 18.942x 10 -3 m
229. The ratio between amplitude of transmitted and incident wave
a) none
b) co efficient
c) depth of the polarization d) Relation co efficient
ANSWERS:
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224
A

225 226 227 228 229

C

D
PART B

(2 MARKS)

230. State Faradays law.

Faradays law states that, the total emf induced in a closed circuit is
equal to the time rate of decrease of the total magnetic flux linking the circuit.

d
dt

231. State Lenzs law.

The Lenzs law states that, the induced current in the loop is always in such a direction as to produce flux
opposing the change in flux density.
232. Explain briefly the different types of emfs produced in a conductor placed in a magnetic field.

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

There are two ways in which we can induce emf in a conductor. If a moving conductor is placed in a
static magnetic field then the emf produced in the conductor is called dynamically induced emf. If the stationary
conductor is placed in a time varying magnetic field, then the emf produced is called statically induced emf.
233. Give the Maxwells equation I in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation I is derived from the Amperes circuital law which states that the line
integral of magnetic field intensity H on any closed path is equal to the current enclosed by that path.

H.dl I
Maxwells equation I in integral form is

H
.
dl

ds

s
t
Maxwells equation I in point form is

H E

E
t

The magneto motive force around a closed path is equal to the sum of the conduction current and
displacement current enclosed by the path.
234. Give the Maxwells equation II in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation II is derived from Faradays law which states that the emf induced in a
circuit is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linkage in the circuit.

d
dt

Maxwells equation - II in integral form is

E.dl

H
ds
t

Maxwells equation II in point form is

B
t

The electro motive force around a closed path is equal to the magnetic displacement (flux density) through
that closed path.
235. Give the Maxwells equation III in both integral form and point form.
The Maxwells equation III is derived from electric Gausss law which states that the electric
flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed by the surface.

Maxwells equation III in integral form is

D.ds dv
s

Maxwells equation III in point form is

The total electric displacement through the surface enclosing a volume is equal to the total charge within
the volume.
Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

236. Give the Maxwells equation IV in both integral form and point form.
Maxwells equation IV is derived from magnetic Gausss law which states that, the total
magnetic flux through any closed surface is equal to zero.

Maxwells equation IV in integral form is

B.ds 0
s

Maxwells equation IV in point form is

B 0
The net magnetic flux emerging through any closed surface is zero.
237. Distinguish between the conduction current and displacement current.
Conduction current Ic is flowing through a conductor having resistance R, when potential V is
applied across the conductor.

Ic

V
R

Displacement current ID is flowing through a capacitor when ac voltage is applied across the capacitor.

ID C

dV
dt

238. What is Eddy current and Eddy current loss?

In electrical machines, the alternating magnetic fields induce emf in the cores also apart from the
coil. This small amount of emf induced in the core circulates current in the core. This current is called eddy
current and the power loss, which appears in the form of heat, due to these eddy currents is called eddy current
loss.
239. Give the wave equation in terms of electric field and magnetic field.
The
electromagnetic
wave
equation
in
terms
of
electric
field
is

E
2E
E
2 0
t
t
2

The electromagnetic wave equation in terms of magnetic field is,

H
2H
H
2 0
t
t
2

240. Give the wave equation in free space.

The wave equation in free space in terms of electric field is,

2E
E 2 0
t
2

The wave equation in free space in terms of magnetic field is,

2H
H 2 0
t
2

241. List out the properties of a uniform plane wave.

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

If the plane of wave is the same for all points on a plane surface, it is called plane wave. If the
amplitude is also constant in a plane wave, it is called uniform plane wave. The properties of uniform plane
waves are:
At every point in space, E and H are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of travel.
The fields vary with time at the same frequency, everywhere in space.
Each field has the same direction, magnitudes and phase at every point in any plane perpendicular to the direction
of wave travel.
242. Give the expression for the characteristic impedance of the wave.
The characteristic impedance or intrinsic impedance is the ratio of the electric field intensity to the
magnetic field intensity.

where, is the permeability of the medium and is the permittivity of the medium.
243. What is Vector Helmholtz equation.
The wave equation in lossless medium in phasor form is called the vector Helmholtz equation.

2 E 2 E 0
244. Give the wave equation for a conducting medium.
The wave equation for a conducting medium in phasor form is given as,

2 E j j 2 ) E 0
245. What is skin effect and skin depth?[AU May-07,Nov 07, May 08, May 09,TAU May 09]
In a good conductor the wave is attenuated as it progresses. At higher frequencies the rate of attenuation is very
large, and the wave may penetrate only a very short distance before being reduced to a small value. This effect is
called skin effect.
The skin depth () is defined as that depth in which the wave has been attenuated to 1/e or
approximately 37% of its original value. It is also known as depth of penetration.

where is the attenuation constant,

PART C
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
2006]

2 2

(16 MARKS)

Derive an expression for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.

Define polarization and explain its types.[ AU-Jun-09,AU-June-07]
Derive an expression for reflection of uniform plane wave from a perfect conductor.
Derive an expression for reflection of uniform plane wave from a perfect dielectric.[ AU-Jun-09]
Derive the expression for characteristics impedance.
Derive the wave equations starting from Maxwells equations for free space.[ AU-Jun-09]
Derive the general wave equation.[AU-Dec-2006]
Discuss about the plane wave in lossy dielectrics. [AU-Dec-2006]
Explain briefly about the wave incident normally on a perfect conductor. [AU-Dec-2006]
Explain briefly about the wave incident obliquely to the surface of perfect conductor. [AU-Dec-

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields

256. Describe about reflection of plane waves by a perfect dielectric. [AU-June-07]

257. Discuss about the propagation of plane waves in free space and in a homogeneous material. [AUJune-07]

Department of ECE

Electromagnetic Fields