Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(1)
Introduction
Threephasetransformerconsistsofthreesetsofprimarywindings,oneforeachphase,andthreesetsof
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
1/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
secondarywindingswoundonthesameironcore.
Separatesinglephasetransformerscanbeusedandexternallyinterconnectedtoyieldthesameresultsasa3
phaseunit.
Theprimarywindingsareconnectedinoneofseveralways.Thetwomostcommonconfigurationsarethedelta,in
whichthepolarityendofonewindingisconnectedtothenonpolarityendofthenext,andthestar,inwhichall
threenonpolarities(orpolarity)endsareconnectedtogether.Thesecondarywindingsareconnectedsimilarly.This
meansthata3phasetransformercanhaveitsprimaryandsecondarywindingsconnectedthesame(deltadeltaor
starstar),ordifferently(deltastarorstardelta).
Itsimportanttorememberthatthesecondaryvoltagewaveformsareinphasewiththeprimarywaveforms
whentheprimaryandsecondarywindingsareconnectedthesameway.Thisconditioniscallednophase
shift.
Butwhentheprimaryandsecondarywindingsareconnecteddifferently,thesecondaryvoltagewaveformswilldiffer
fromthecorrespondingprimaryvoltagewaveformsby30electricaldegrees.Thisiscalleda30degreephaseshift.
Whentwotransformersareconnectedinparallel,theirphaseshiftsmustbeidenticalifnot,ashortcircuitwilloccur
whenthetransformersareenergized.
BasicIdeaofWinding
Anacvoltageappliedtoacoilwillinduceavoltageinasecondcoilwherethetwoarelinkedbyamagneticpath.
Thephaserelationshipofthetwovoltagesdependsuponwhichwaysroundthecoilsareconnected.Thevoltages
willeitherbeinphaseordisplacedby180degree.
When3coilsareusedina3phasetransformerwindinganumberofoptionsexist.Thecoilvoltagescanbeinphase
ordisplacedasabovewiththecoilsconnectedinstarordeltaand,inthecaseofastarwinding,havethestarpoint
(neutral)broughtouttoanexternalterminalornot.
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
2/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
SixWaystowireStarWinding:
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
3/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
SixWaystowireDeltaWinding:
Polarity
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
4/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
AnACvoltageappliedtoacoilwillinduceavoltageinasecondcoilwherethetwoarelinkedbyamagneticpath.
Thephaserelationshipofthetwovoltagesdependsuponwhichwayroundthecoilsareconnected.Thevoltages
willeitherbeinphaseordisplacedby180deg.
When3coilsareusedina3phasetransformerwindinganumberofoptionsexist.Thecoilvoltagescanbeinphase
ordisplacedasabovewiththecoilsconnectedinstarordeltaand,inthecaseofastarwinding,havethestarpoint
(neutral)broughtouttoanexternalterminalornot.
WhenPairofCoilofTransformerhavesamedirectionthanvoltageinducedinbothcoilareinsamedirectionfrom
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
5/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
oneendtootherend.WhentwocoilhaveoppositewindingdirectionthanVoltageinducedinbothcoilarein
oppositedirection.
Windingconnectiondesignations
FirstSymbol:forHighVoltage:Alwayscapitalletters.
D=Delta,S=Star,Z=Interconnectedstar,N=Neutral
SecondSymbol:forLowvoltage:AlwaysSmallletters.
d=Delta,s=Star,z=Interconnectedstar,n=Neutral.
ThirdSymbol:Phasedisplacementexpressedastheclockhournumber(1,6,11)
ExampleDyn11
Transformerhasadeltaconnectedprimarywinding(D)astarconnectedsecondary(y)withthestarpointbrought
out(n)andaphaseshiftof30degleading(11).
Thepointofconfusionisoccurringinnotationinastepuptransformer.AstheIEC600761standardhasstated,the
notationisHVLVinsequence.Forexample,astepuptransformerwithadeltaconnectedprimary,andstar
connectedsecondary,isnotwrittenasdY11,butYd11.The11indicatestheLVwindingleadstheHVby30
degrees.
TransformersbuilttoANSIstandardsusuallydonothavethevectorgroupshownontheirnameplateandinsteada
vectordiagramisgiventoshowtherelationshipbetweentheprimaryandotherwindings.
VectorGroupofTransformer
Thethreephasetransformerwindingscanbeconnectedseveralways.Basedonthewindingsconnection,thevector
groupofthetransformerisdetermined.
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
6/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
ThetransformervectorgroupisindicatedontheNamePlateoftransformerbythemanufacturer.The
vectorgroupindicatesthephasedifferencebetweentheprimaryandsecondarysides,introduceddueto
thatparticularconfigurationoftransformerwindingsconnection.
TheDeterminationofvectorgroupoftransformersisveryimportantbeforeconnectingtwoormoretransformersin
parallel.Iftwotransformersofdifferentvectorgroupsareconnectedinparallelthenphasedifferenceexistbetween
thesecondaryofthetransformersandlargecirculatingcurrentflowsbetweenthetwotransformerswhichisvery
detrimental.
PhaseDisplacementbetweenHVandLVWindings
Thevectorforthehighvoltagewindingistakenasthereferencevector.Displacementofthevectorsofother
windingsfromthereferencevector,withanticlockwiserotation,isrepresentedbytheuseofclockhourfigure.
IS:2026(Part1V)1977gives26setsofconnectionsstarstar,stardelta,andstarzigzag,deltadelta,deltastar,
deltazigzag,zigzagstar,zigzagdelta.Displacementofthelowvoltagewindingvectorvariesfromzeroto330in
stepsof30,dependingonthemethodofconnections.
Hardlyanypowersystemadoptssuchalargevarietyofconnections.Someofthecommonlyusedconnections
withphasedisplacementof0,300,180and330(clockhoursetting0,1,6and11).
Symbolforthehighvoltagewindingcomesfirst,followedbythesymbolsofwindingsindiminishingsequence
ofvoltage.Forexamplea220/66/11kVTransformerconnectedstar,staranddeltaandvectorsof66and11
kVwindingshavingphasedisplacementof0and330withthereference(220kV)vectorwillberepresented
AsYy0Yd11.
Thedigits(0,1,11etc)relatetothephasedisplacementbetweentheHVandLVwindingsusingaclockface
notation.ThephasorrepresentingtheHVwindingistakenasreferenceandsetat12oclock.Phaserotationis
alwaysanticlockwise.(Internationaladopted).
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
7/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
Usethehourindicatorastheindicatingphasedisplacementangle.Becausethereare12hoursonaclock,and
acircleconsistsoutof360,eachhourrepresents30.Thus1=30,2=60,3=90,6=180and12=0or
360.
Theminutehandisseton12oclockandreplacesthelinetoneutralvoltage(sometimesimaginary)oftheHV
winding.Thispositionisalwaysthereferencepoint.
Example
Digit0=0thattheLVphasorisinphasewiththeHVphasor
Digit1=30lagging(LVlagsHVwith30)becauserotationisanticlockwise.
Digit11=330laggingor30leading(LVleadsHVwith30)
Digit5=150lagging(LVlagsHVwith150)
Digit6=180lagging(LVlagsHVwith180)
Whentransformersareoperatedinparallelitisimportantthatanyphaseshiftisthesamethrougheach.Paralleling
typicallyoccurswhentransformersarelocatedatonesiteandconnectedtoacommonbusbar(banked)orlocated
atdifferentsiteswiththesecondaryterminalsconnectedviadistributionortransmissioncircuitsconsistingofcables
andoverheadlines.
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
8/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
PhaseShift
(Deg)
Connection
Yy0
Dd0
Dz0
30lag
Yd1
Dy1
Yz1
60lag
Dd2
Dz2
120lag
Dd4
Dz4
150lag
Yd5
Dy5
Yz5
180lag
Yy6
Dd6
Dz6
150lead
Yd7
Dy7
Yz7
Dd8
Dz8
120lead
60lead
30lead
Dd10
Yd11
Dz10
Dy11
Yz11
ThephasebushingsonathreephasetransformeraremarkedeitherABC,UVWor123(HVsidecapital,LVside
smallletters).Twowinding,threephasetransformerscanbedividedintofourmaincategories
Group
Oclock
TC
GroupI
0oclock,0
delta/delta,star/star
GroupII
6oclock,180
delta/delta,star/star
GroupIII
1oclock,30
star/delta,delta/star
GroupIV
11oclock,+30
star/delta,delta/star
MinusindicatesLVlaggingHV,plusindicatesLV
leadingHV
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
9/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
ClockNotation0(PhaseShift0)
ClockNotation1(PhaseShift30)
Clock Notation 1 (Phase Shift 30)
ClockNotation2(PhaseShift60)
Clock Notation 2 (Phase Shift 60)
ClockNotation4(PhaseDisplacement120)
Clock Notation 4 (Phase Displacement 120)
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
10/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
ClockNotation5(Phase
Displacement150)
ClockNotation6(PhaseShift+180)
Clock Notation 6 (Phase Shift
+180)
ClockNotation7(PhaseShift+150)
Clock Notation 7 (Phase Shift
+150)
ClockNotation11(PhaseShift+30)
Clock Notation 11 (Phase Shift
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
11/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
+30)
Tobecontinued
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
12/16
9/8/2015
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
13/16
9/8/2015
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
14/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
Get
PDF
TOP
SHARE
Like
RecommendedEEarticles//
Sharewithengineers//
AboutAuthor//
Jignesh Parmar
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
15/16
9/8/2015
UnderstandingVectorGroupofTransformer(part1)|EEP
jiguparmarJigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical).
HeismemberofInstitutionofEngineers(MIE),India.MembershipNo:M1473586.Hehas
morethan13yearsexperienceinTransmissionDistributionElectricalEnergytheftdetection
ElectricalMaintenanceElectricalProjects(PlanningDesigningTechnicalReviewcoordination
Execution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HehaspublishednumbersofTechnicalArticlesin"Electrical
Mirror","ElectricalIndia","LightingIndia","IndustrialElectrix"(AustralianPowerPublications)
Magazines.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelbase
ElectricalProgramsasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeisTechnicalBloggerandFamiliar
withEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&Knowledgeandhelptechnical
enthusiaststofindsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.
2015EEPElectricalEngineeringPortal.AllRightsReserved|PrivacyPolicy|TermsofService |48queriesin0.233seconds.
http://electricalengineeringportal.com/understandingvectorgrouptransformer1
PoweredbyCsanyiGroup
16/16