THE NEW INTERNATIONAL

GREEK TESTAMENT COMMENTARY

Editors
I. Howard Marshall
and
W. Ward Gasque

THE EPISTLES TO THE THESSALONIANS

The New International Greek Testament Commentary

THE EPISTLES TO THE

THE S S ALONIAN S
A Commentary on the
Greek Text
by

CHARLES A. WANAMAKER

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v cL<c oiha* AOMQ

WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY ____GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN

THE PATERNOSTER PRESS
EXETER

%M$o

io 3 59

Copyright 1990 hy Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 49503
First puhlished 1990 jointly by
Eerdmans and The Patemoster Press, Ltd.,
Patemoster House, 3 Mount Radford Crescent,
Exeter EX2 4JW, England.
Paperback edition first published 1990 only in the United Kingdom
through special arrangcment with Eerdmans by Patemoster Press.
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wanamaker, Charles A.
The Epistles to the Thessalonians: a commentary on the Greek text /
by Charles A. Wanamaker.
p. cm. (The New International Greek testament commentary)
ISBN 0-8028-2394-7
1. Bible. N.T. ThessaloniansCommentaries. I. Title. II. Series: New international Greek
testament commentary (Grand Rapids, Mich.)
BS2725.3W35 1990
227'.8107dc20
90-36510
CIP

DEDICATION
The letters of Paul to the newly founded Christian community at
Thessalonica hold a special place within the Christian tradition as they
are very possibly the earliest extant Christian writings. For Christians
living in oppressive societies such as contemporary South frica they hold
another significance. Among the communities estab- lished by Paul the
church at Thessalonica appears to have been the only one to have
suffered serious externai oppression. As I have argued in the commentary,
following the lead of several other scholars, the initial oppression of the
Christians at Thessalonica very probably resulted from the challenge that
their new faith posed to Roman imperial ideology: in principie, either the
imperial claims of Rome and its emperors or the claims of Christians
regarding their Lord, Jesus Christ, who u as to come from heaven to
assert his sovereignty, had to be honored. The Christians at Thessalonica
chose Jesus as their Lord, not Caesar, and so paid the price for rejecting
the ideology of the dominant culture.
Many Christians in apartheid South frica have recognized a
similar challenge, the more insidious by virtue of the State s claim to be
founded on Christian principies. The example ofthe Thessalonian
Christians, who refused to bow to coercive oppression of the idolatrous
dominant society, has been emulated not only by such well-known
Christian opponents of apartheid as Archbishop Des- mond Tutu,
Reverend Allan Boesak, and Reverend C. F. Beyers Naud , but also by
hundreds and thousands of unknown Christians who have lived
courageously, often suffering, sometimes even dying for their belief that
Jesus' Lordship means freedom and justice for all. In so doing, they stand
in the tradition of the Christians at Thessalonica, of Paul, who was no
stranger to State oppression (2 Cor. 11:23-25), of the Jewish Christians in
Judea who suffered fromJewish nationalist hostility (1 Thes. 2:14-16), and
ultimately of Jesus himself who died as an enemy of Rome. This
commentary is dedicated to all those Christians who have suffered in the
past, are suffering at present, or who will be called on to suffer in the
future to bring about the justice and peace of God in South frica.

CONTENTS
x
xii
xiv
xviii

Foreword
Pr eface
Abbreviations
Bibliography

INTRODUCTION
PAUL AND THE FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH AT THESSALONICA
The History of Thessalonica to the Time of thc Pauline Mission
PauFs Mission at Thessalonica
The Acts Account
The Character ofPaul s Mission

LITERARY QUESTIONS REGARDING 1 AND 2 THESSALONANS

The Question of Authenticity
The Nineteenth -Century Debate
From Wrede to Trilling
Trilling sArguments against Authenticity

The Literary Integrity and Unity of 1 and 2 Thessalonians

Interpolation Hypotheses
Schmithals 's Compilation Hypothesis
Combined Theories of Redaction and Interpolation

The Sequence of the Thessalonian Correspondence

The Rhetoric of the Thessalonian Correspondence
Thematic and Epistolary Approaches to 1 and 2
Thessalonians
The Rhetorical Genres of 1 and 2 Thessalonians
RhetoricalAnalysis

3
3
6
6
8
17
17
17
19
21
28
29
33
35
37
45
45
46
48

CONTENTS

vii

THE HISTORICAL SETTING OF 1 AND 2 THESSALONIANS 53 Proposals

regarding Problems in thc Thessalonian Church
53
The Situation Presupposed by 2 Thessalonians
57
The Situation Presupposed by 1 Thessalonians
60

COMMENTARY ON 1 THESSALONIANS
EPISTOLARY PRESCRIPT (1:1)

67

EXORDIUM (1:2-10)

72

NARRATIO (2:1-3:10)

90
91
108

PauFs Missionary Style among the Thessalonians (2:1-12)

Digression within the Narratio (2:13-16)
PauFs Continuing Relation with His Persecuted Converts at Thessalonica
(2:17-3:10)
119

His Desire to See the Thessalonians and Attempts to Revisit Them (2:17-20)

120
126
132

The Sending of Timothy (3:1-5)

Timothy ys Return (3:6-10)
TRANS1TUS FROM NARRATIO TO PROBATIO (3:11-13)

140

PROBA 770(4:1-5:22)

146
147
147
150
159
164
176
190
201

Ethical Exhortation (4:1-12)

Exhortation to Continue in Current Behavior (4:1-2)
Reinforcement of Sexual Norms (4:3-8)
Familial Love and the Quiet Life (4:9-12)

Instruction concerning the Parousia and Assumption (4:13-18)

Eschatological Expectation and Parenesis (5:1-11)
General Exhortations (5:12-22)
The Unity and Purpose of5:19-22

PERORATIO AND EPISTOLARY CLOSING (5:23-28)

205

COMMENTARY ON 2 THESSALONIANS
EPISTOLARY PRESCRIPT (1:1-2)

213

EXORDIUM (1:3-12)

215

PARTITIO (2:1-2)

237

BIBLICAL AND OTHER ANCIENT WORKS

304

FOREWORD
hile there have been many series of commentaries on the English text
of the New Testament in recent years, it is a long time since any attempt has been
69-70. 127 to the
10:13
15:23text. It is true
36, 125,
made to cater 67,
particularly
needs of students of276
the Greek
that266
at
6:22
141, 150
11:16
266
16:6
192
2:10-11
132
10:14
1:3-4
86
12:23
261
10:6
182
274
1:22
113 of Greek in many
Jubilees
61
10:19-20
85the70,study
15:23-24
175
CLASSICAL
AND
62:8
116
NEW
TESTAMENT
182
8:23
the
present
time
there
is
something
of
a
decline
in
7:1
77
11:25
166
16:12
192
3:1
77,
147,
273
6:18
209,
293
2:11
122 169
10:15
1:5
10:16
157
12:34
1:1-12
217 224,
1:24226, 251
83
34
235
20:3-6
151
5:8b-10
177
21
10:32
112
15:23-28
108,125, 142
HELLENISTIC
66
247
9:27
traditional theological183
institutions,
but
there
has
been
a 16:16
welcome
growth in the
7:3
11:25-26
20
208
3:2
31
1:2
23
1:7
145,213,
291
2:12
11:20
274
117
10:18
13:7
187
5:9
56
2:2
88,
117.
167.
267
92,
274
23:13-14
130
234,281
11:1
26,
80,
283
15:24
108
LITERATURE
174
Matthew 234
66:5
10:13
Ephesians
7:4
77 3:2-3
11:25-32
117
16:17
148
study of the New Testament
in
its original
language
in
286
1:3
74,128,
77,
138,215-17,
2:13
142
11:5the new
1:8-15
72
11:47-51
114
13:36
138
2:4
167
244 evangelical schools,
5:9-10
183,
186-89
23:14-23
244
179,228
11:2
26,
268
15:24-28
86
66:6
224
11:31
247 (Tacitus)
5:11-12
82
7:6
86
11:26
30,
31.88
16:18
86
Annals
3:5
165
2:14
1:3-14
1:9
12:3
292
72
261
97
11:7
284
2:5
265
261
13:44
83
especially in North America
5:10
and
the
Third
World.
33,168
It
is
hoped
that
The
New
25:1
151
41
11:4
256
15:42-44
108
66:9
251
11:31-36
246
5:18
142
7:24
88 3:14
11:28
77,233
116
16:20
122, 205, 209, 291
1:4
266
1:3-4
51.215-16
1:9-10
138
2:15
12:37
260
184
11:7-11
13:45
5:11
103
2:7
6
95,274
39:6
151
International Greek Testament
Commentary
will
demonstrate
the
value
of studying
289
11:7
126
15:43
267-68
49-50.
62,177.
1894.81
260
66:15-16
227
11:35
178
8:9
178
8:1
183
11:32
116
16:22
185
1:11-14
187
3:17
80,
283
1:3-7
232
2:17
1:10
12:39
97 91,196
200
179
11:12-1515:50
54,
13:45-50
244
2:10
116
256
5.5.2
115
40
11:16
112
108
the Greek New86,
Testament
174,
and
178
help toward
9:15
the revival
12:1of such
182 study.
Martyrdom
of Isaiah
8:3
188, 130.
197
11:35
137
16:23
9
3:20
1:21
28
86-87
n.
4
1:13
1:3-10
76,215,232
77
13:34
114
3:1-3
122,132
2:14
56
11:13-15
261
13:48
274
5:12
50,
120,
177,
191-94.
289
11:17
149
15:50-57
108
Jeremiah
12:2
167
10:40
157
The purpose of205
the 3:20-21
series
to
cater
to
the
needs16:25
of students who
want
JewishAntiquities
8:6
12181 is23,
191
26, 128,
232
2:1-10
186
1:3-12
108,
235
3:2
286
11:14
1:18
16:8
2:15-16
26,
88.
187,
260
182
75
13:50
6
50.
72.
130,
215-36
196,215,237
164
11:22
112
15:51-52
174
5:1-14
114
178
12:28
117
1:10 than
190 182
12:4
8:9-11
142
12:1-2
148
something less technical
a full-scale
criticai
commentary.
i-i1:18-32
3:21
229.267-68
3:16
17
85
171
11:21-29
225
2:20
9
n.
1,
167,
228
86.15:51-53
265 At the same time,
14:2
116
5:12-13
(Josephus)
54,
190,
195-96,
155
11:23
170
172
178 of 13:19
2:4
83
12:9
8:11
12:3
256,
286
1277
Corinthians and to make
Psalms
Solomon
4:1
123,
136.
268
4:2-5
75
1:4
83,217-20,
223,
271
the commentaries are168
intended
17:26-27
to
interact
with
modem
180
scholarship
3:18
92,
1:21
14:4
275
2:22
235,267
181
99
11:23-25
112
10.191
77
281
256
11:23-2522:29-34 227 203, 290
268
15:51-57
176
247
144
4:22
12:11
3:24
86
8:12
184
12:3-8
191
1:1
8,
68-69.
128,214
4:4
123,
199
5:14
168
1:4-5
222-23
32,135
3:2
111
4:2
1:24
19:44
97, 261
151,
261
11:23-28
14:14
99
5:12-15
143
12.164
70
their own scholarly108,223
contribution
235,
258
to the
study
of16,36,
the157
New
Testament.
There has been
11:29-34
286
15:57
188
3:6-10
163,
280
11:1
173
5:9
23:29-37
125
par.
114
4:2-3
200
8:13
131
12:8
192
1:2
70,
145,230,234,292
5:15
179
4:6
200
1:4-6
Philemon
42,
44,58
31
116
3:2-5
75 and monographs in
4:3n.5,31,
1:24-27
21:8
232,
260146. 153
178
11:24
14:15
85
5:12-22
20.112
30
35,
143,
190234,267
11:30
3:6-12
105,
163-64,
280
167
15:58
92
a
wealth
of
detailed
study
of
the
New
Testament
in
articles
13:9-10
222
6:14-15
180
Hosea
23:31-36
116
4:3-4
207
8:14-23
77.213
12:9
277
1:3
213.
291
5:21-23
1
68-69
36
4:7
205.291
OLD TESTAMENT
1:4-7
24:1
38
156
4:4
21:34-36
180
11:24-26
1:24-32
14:19
115
3:5 132, 182 6, 262
116
10, 79,94:1
111
204
3:6-13
162
151,
153,155,
158
12-14
203
16
193
17
245-46
recent
years,
and
the
series
is
meant
to
harvest
the
results
of
this
research
in
a
more
125
24
170-71
6:15
Against
Apion
(Josephus)
178
2:13
4:5
164
8:15
77 103,
12:10
160
74,216.236
6:14-17
3284
186
213
4:8
147.
273
1:4-10
292
106:47
238
15
3:6-9
68-69
154
4:5
1:25
56
262
11:27 1:4
5:13
36,
138,
147,
191,
3:6-15
24,
36,
39,
55,
153
12:1
58.159,
166
16:1
58,161
17:1
1-22
245
John
6:22-26
227
24:3
180
5:4
125
4:18
209. 277
292
easily accessible form.
commentaries
will
thus
8:17
267
191
1:4-9
72
Genesis
I12:11
Kings
112:4
181
6:16
19
292
4:9
80.220-23,232-33
205,291-92
1:5
108.
131
3:15
77 adequate, but not
15:19
85
4:6 The
1:26
181
261
11:28include
2.121
115
194-96
158
12:3
79,203
16:1-4
21
57-58,
62,
107.159,
17:32
160
24:27
125
9:3
22759,
8:17-18
229
12:12
123,
191,200
1:6
231-32
4:15
21
266
277
exhaustive, bibliographies.
They
will
attempt
to
treat
all
important problems
of
1:5-10
51,215
4:7
87,
175
3:26
153
12:2
77,213
1-3
54
1:29
4:48
2:10
167
259
97
15:22
5:13-22
2.296
24,140
261
68
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA,
Thessalonians
153, 9:6
246 1Philippians
12:4-11 24:29-31 227
10
16:5
142
197, 277-90
171
Joel
8:18-19
225,235
12:17
143,
191
86, 225
21-22
119
15:1
83 4:15-16
8:57-61
140
Proverbs
1:5-12
26,
222
25480,196-97,268,281,
3:28
712:3 15,1:7
154
4:17
2:1
5:18
229
262
114
5:14
15:22-34
DEAD
SEA
SCROLLS,
68
history, exegesis,39.58,
and
interpretation
that
may
arise.
Sibvlline
Oracies
50.55.62.
104-6,
159
12:7-11
202
16:10
67,
69.
127
3:7
Diogenes
Laertius
179,
187
24:31
173-74
10:15
1-3
178
47
n.
1:15
8
8:18-23
108
12:17-21
199
1:8
118.
179
15:4 One of the 10,
83
19:10-14
25
209,
293
114
4:18-19
181
4:16
58
1:6
1
137,
199,220,
222-24
1:1
175 RABBINIC
3:28-29
88,
187,
225
154
5:1 of 2:5
5:22-29
87
28
n.
12:4
4been16:12
15:27
AND
68
8.148.
68-69.99.
145.
163,
190-91,
gains
recent
scholarship
has
the
recognition
of
the
122.
132
12:8-10
79
128
283
10:25
227
2:1
173
24:37
125
1:1
8, 49,67-71,
8:18-24
116
5:33-34
12:18
191,112,
196
248
1:8-9
140, 285
207
15:16
22:23
262
10:4
4:19
140
1:6-7
222
198
4:1
100
5:3
5:25-29
120
173
12:5
2:5-10
LITERATURE
20
15:32
68
192,214
8,41
129
195-98,280-81
149, 170.character
268
3:7-8
12:10
281
203
16:13
268
Hebrews
primarily
theological
of
the
books
of
the
New
Testament.
This
series
will,
11:20
95
2:1-2
179
24:37-39
180
208.214.
236
Nehemiah
8:19
86 4:21-22
12:19
1:2
88,213.
137,
236.
156.
291
227
1:9
107. 199
276
17:5
187
20:22
127
1:6-10
88
122
.
4:3
100
5:8
2:5-11
6:45
172
225
160
12:7
15:35-36
5:15
190-91,
198-99
83
3:7-9
282-83
21
12:28
70
16:15
9,
254,
266
CD
Euboicus
(Dio
Chrysosiom)
Syriac
Apocalypse
of95
1:1-5
183
24:39
73
125
13:20
therefore, attempt202,
to 266
provide
a theological
understanding
of the text,
based
on
12:3
2:2
8:23
13:1-7
250,
287
1:10
77, 148,
234. 281
2:4
259
1:3-11
72
4:23
209.
293
47:30
167
1:6-12
1
Chronicles
7
198
4:4-5
86
7:1
114
5:10
2:8
36,
26,
225
88,
260
12:9-10
15:36-41
5:16
191,199-200
68
178
157
13
144
16:15-16
148,193,196
3:7-12
282
179
24:40-41
171
17:9
95
2:31-32
1:1-2:12
34,35
8:26
197
13:8
144
1:11
77.and
286
historical-critical-linguistic
exegesis.
It
will
not,
however,
attempt
to
apply
1:4
138
3:12
244
1:7
21:1
122
Isaiah
3:20
2:9\2
132,
222,
268
244
2:10
8:59
135
4:4-7
205
114
77.213
5:14
7:103-43
265 223-27,
163
199
12:10 16:15-18
15:40-18:5
68
Baruch
20,
145,
174.
118 5:16-22
256
13:4
198
195
3:8
8,
103,
192,
283-84
Colossians
238
184
18:23
178
3:2
Isaiah 24:42-44
1:2
73although
.74. 90.
110,
200,
12:10
8:27
13:9
289
1:18
260
1:6
179
6:10-12
75
Exodus
36:15-16
114
1:4
144
26.
260-63
138
4:8
86that the exegesis
5:16-6:2
2:16
13:3-10
128
26.
232
222
12:11
expound the text for 145
modern
11:11-13
readers,
it
is
167
hoped
will
16:1-3
5:17
191,200
69
229.
232,
238,
245
179
141
13:6
26,260
16:16
192,
194
3:9
80,
283.
285
2
Oration
(DioChrvsostom)
1Q27
lQMyst)
22:20-2311:45-53
183
24:43
180216,
3:31-32
179
233
8:28
200
13:9-10
134
1:26
77.195
10:22-24
75
1:8
97
2:11
147
1:10
83
1:7-8
1:1
2:10
which
12
26,43,
243-44.
263-64
69,
16.
99
276
259in(=
4:9
85
14:1
178
115
5:20
2:19
94277,
181
12:12
16:19-24
5:17-18
92
74
118 way
give some indication58,of
the
the
text
should
be
expounded.
3:10
164,
283,
159
13:11
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192
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200-201
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232,
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1
245
172
13:12
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75
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194
Within
the
limits
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the
use
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the
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the
series
aims
to
bc
11:4
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259200.233
Amos
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8:29-30
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181,
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138
7:3
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16
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172
80
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Mark
255
3:10-11
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international
in
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the
however,
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1:2-4
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13:13
107
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50:9
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Job
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77.216,
265-67
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75 312:3
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222
n.
5
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55.
190.
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106,190,
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265
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190
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James
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Ezekiel
14
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278
14:13
262
250, 180
257
1:22
1:10
266
107
15:15
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13:12 2:8
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36,188,
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288
85
14:22-25
202
17:15
268
Ethiopic
Enoch
of
this
series
is 25,
to175
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those 2:13
who
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Herodotus
15
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118
1:4-28
14:15
161
LeviticusThe supreme
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247
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209.
270,
278
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113.
115,
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3:14
287-89
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2
Corinthians
ministry of the Word
of
and
thus
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his
name.
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prayer is that it may
1:3145,174,226
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1:26-28
229
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119
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150
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1 12:29-32
200.186,217-18,
215,
232-35
181
88
14:12
182
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115
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181
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135
194
1:9
1 5:3
134
2:19
270,
291
71,
141,270
14:31
202
1:1
8,
68,
99.
112,
3:14-15
16.
164.
277-78,
Acts
13:10-16
180
Micah
234
180
13
170-71,178.224
NovTSupBEvT
9:4
30,150
31
14:18
86
3:5
256
5:7-8
125
be found helpful in this
task.
19:2
1:27
268.274
19:1
175
2:14
1:16
107,
187.267-68
87
1:11-12
16.51.215,232
62:1
-5
180
7:4
17:13
5:12
138
116
Galatians
54
5:5
79,278
5:23-24
140,
205
7
12:16
99
14:33
145
128,145. 161
288

History
of
the16, 26.36.39-41.45.
14:19 2:15
262
4:9-10
BFCT
1:1.3
182
1:4
186.127
265.
NTD
13:5-6
243-44
9:5
235
15:4-5
279
3:9
128
277
1:28
220
5:11
1:12
20.
229,234-36
19:18
160
Psalnis
1:20
87
19:11
182
91:2-10
244
1:7
21
5:14 76-78,
178
289
7:15
5:6
121
188.197
1-2
17:15
5:23-26
35 144,
3
24:6
284
3:15
15
58,193.196,289-90
21,165
1:2
213,291
255
271
NTS
13:7-8
130
9:11
28:1-10
77
15:5
247
141
3:10
236
277 259
135
Revelation
1:30
92
20:10-23
151
214:9
7:9
51,
184,
28,
172.
242,
244.
268-69,
249
95
20:3
93:8-10
1:9
1:22-23
28
244
n.
175
4
68,
168,
270
5:16
107
8:1
5:8
5:23-27
77
35.
271
1:1
50
1
17:16-34
38
Pelopon
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esian
Wa
r
ExpTim Bib
28[51]:55
31
I.
Howard
Marshall
3:16
16,
20,
140-41.
99, 28:9
123
110
1:3-7
24,
72
I15:1
Peter
1:4-5
254 3:10-15
238
Habakkuk
13:14
247
226
277
9:16
274
15:5-6
140
96,
124
1:3
RHPR
2:1
106
2:1
215.237-38
21:8
150
13:3
1:26
167
266
26:16-19
180
277
161
5:16-26
36
2
Vlaccabees
8:1-2
5:23-28
1:15-26
49,
83
205-9,
291
1:2
99
7
5:8-11
18:2
1
86
16
FRLANTBJRL
[48] :3
1QS
99 (Thucydides)
15:1-2
270 291-92
133
1:8
77,135
W. Ward Gasque
215:12
Esdras
36:27
251
13:14-19
158
2:3
247
1:4-6
14
231
117
2:1-11
24
9:25
86
168
3:12-15
225
2:9
1:3-8
75
BNTC
17:3
95
27:13
173
2:152:1-2
3:3
34
RSV
1:27
28
n.
4
1:1
71,147
213,
236,
2:36
291
5:19
115
157
8:1-5
76.
84
1:3
3
5:9
18:3
5:24
107,
88.
116.
207.
169.
233,
187
104
276
130,
140,
2.89
194
2:3-4
18 n. 2, 242,285
248, 3:16-18
3:331[38]:444.50-51,51,291-93
20,
276-77
6:14
15:1-3
268
1:8-9
172
1:4-10
73
37:14
13:14-37
146
18
117
230
9:33
187
15:13
123.140-41
3:13
225
189
3:3
Deuteronomy
1:9-10
20:1-5
140
182
28:16
187
2:16
1:6-7
2:6-9
20
.51,77.
141,265,
125
82
1:28
193
4:36-37
1:2-6
174
140
107
5:21
108,
156,
223
5:9-10
18:5
5:25
2:43
200,
127.
207,
133
259
274
87
2
RTR
8:4
145
1:6
166.
237-41
31[48]:8
HNT
285
15:1-11
18, 19,
25,38-41,
24
1:8-11
275
264 3:17
3:3-4
273
Iliad
(Homer)
17:39
121
15:24
244
3:9
1:5
36,
43.
49-50,
53,
230.
231
39:7
13:21-22
144
Zephaniah
248
10:1
234
3:13
15:14
193
182
3:16-17
246
1:15-16
2:6-11
144
142
2:1-4
6:12-16
1:29
222
244
192
3:18
147
20:9
270-71,278
140
43:4-7
238
5:1-12
130
BZNW
5:25-28
3:13
188
205
115
8:14
267
5:22
234110,
123,161,
1:6-7
18:12-17
624 198-99
SANT
311481:32
HTR
Ann.
2:3-7
242
3:3-5
2 Timothy
992 5:11
15:3
208,
292-93
188
1:11
207
4:8
189
78-80.92.
102-3,
1
John
17:47
70
245
117
173,
3:13-4:26
179
13:22
181
259
10:9
168
15:14-33
119
4:2
273
1:14-16
4:34
259
27:1
1:21-22
181
75
49:7
187
2:1-12
6:14
2:10-11
2:5
125,231
116
120
CBQ
2:1617
51,
141,242,
5:1-13
244
5:26
3:19-21
2532:17 [25:311
5:22-23
205,
236
178
208
1:7
158
19:10
83
17-18.69
20.
24.34,
11.241
167
SBLDS
ICC
99-100. 103,
274
15:3-4
168
1:12
236
3:18
209,
293
Ant.
2:3-8
246,8:17-24
2484 5:15
3:3-16
34
1:5
8
189
105,
149.
232
238
135
1.35,
187
13:26
par.
175
2:13-14
277
21:5-6
153
Psalms
10:13
234
3:24-25
15:16
79,
266
182
4:5
178.
181,223,
225,
Sirach
CNT
10:22
2:12
119
67
6:22
259
Daniel
68:18
1:22
2:6
[Hebrew]
226
160
1:15
110
49:15
182
6:17-24
270-72
173
133
5:22-24
202
173
8:18
5:27
78,128
169
1:8
39,58,62,
166,
17719:21
4:30
142
259
35.39.
67,149,
121.
208SBLSP
Int
170 5:17-18
15:3-7
99
1:13
118, 286
2:3-12
18, 20,51.237,
3:433[40]:7
36,
277-78
1:10
Ap.
8:2
TheJewish
War
(Josephus)
228
1:5-6
112
277
274
2:18
248
11
[12]:7
Wisdom
10:14
267
15:18-19
79
262
1
Timothy
229
4:23
187
13:26-27
268
226
82:6-7
88:6
226
8:10
ConB
2:13
234
12:45
167
7:6-11
77
71:22
2:9
3:4
28
144
187
n.
4
52:6-10
125
2:21
2:17
44,5:24
129.178
141,271-73,
2-2
7:25-44
172
5:12
11042(491:10
259
153
78.215.222,
224.
240
224 5:18
69
1:9
19:32
70
9,183
293
2Diog.
Bar. Laert.
256
15:3-8
69,165
1:14
124,179
242-64,8:23
271
3:5
20,
76,
140-41,
4:1
SBS
JBL
8:6
VD
228
8:8 88:23
1:6
10,
26.
36,
79-82,
93,
229 4:8-13
10:16
227
15:19
13:27
259,
274
238
225
2:28
125
13:5
Chronicles
15(161:1
[89:71
141
DNTT
15:3
7717496,
15:14
74:20
181
160
52:7
78
23:1
2:20-21
97,
153,
157
82
2:16
276
5:28
35,
196,
205,209.
4:34
5:20
7:73-74
Rom.
145
12:18
138
178
9:1
20:1-2
1.30
6:8
141
6:9
159
142
261
259
1:10
288
92.
124.
179,
192,
96
15:7
99
1:19
68,
86,
97
2:19
217
2:3-14
242
278-79
4:5
Apoc.
1
Enoch
Mos.
2QS
8:13
189
SBT
JSNTSSWBC
AnBib
14:12-31
El. -3
23:4
112,
135.
163.
199,
13:33
178
4:1
203
29:18
278
24(25]:
17
258
15:12
77
79:6
3:11
227
154
52:12
238
102:9
105:47
141
10:16-17
111
15:30-32
148,
207
4:11-12
104
2:2
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152-53
2:1718 18,
34
274143, 184
1.470
255
7:9
6:4
20:4
13:24
133
6:1019.
227
168
172
Zechariah
69
2577,
9:1-5
Ezckiel
218
1:11
6:9
293
70
27,
39-41,
12:17a
92:3-15
117
15:10
92,20.
124,192,
236
1:20
169
3:4
192
4
Maccabees
240
3:6
16,
107,
149,
197,
228
Barn.
Gn.
Rab.
SNT
JTS
MNTC WMANT
ANRW
23:16-27
219
Ep.
2:19
67.127
122
13:34-37
184
4:3
248
28[29]:7
226
11:3
114
15:31
275
4:12
104,
192
118(1191:143
151
31:16
167
82:5
181
55:5
227
15:1
3:12
6:14
77
3:1
3:8
26,
200,
274-75
160
2.224-27
117
13:30-31
130
DTT
7:13
9:2
6:6
7:36
110
6:11
175
254
3:1-2
259
86
1:12
208
9
174
26:20
85
55,58,
130,
179,
203,
9:13-15
178
9:14
274 3:12
15:12
168
1:22
202
192
2:3-17
51,237,
242-72
228.
234,
237,
273,
Titus
12:12a
228
23:15
Thessalonians
Did.
Jub.
1 Maccabees
1:6-7
221.283
120(1211:7
SNTSMS
JTSA
NCBC Bib
ASNU
28:1-7
Cl 16:14
160
11:5
77
89:7-8
15:33
140,
205,
291-92
145
4:14
56:8
15,106
238
14:16
199
Hdt.
291
2
Chronicles
40[4lj:2
10:15
229
Deuteronomv
5:8
3:1-2
173
207,
273-74
184
228
2.225
2:19-22
30
69
7:13-14
9:13
6:11
14:16-17
7:52
70
6:11-18
175
274
130
9:14
70
114
1:13
292
235
209,
222,
238-41,
268,
259
11
Cl
197
15:18
169
2:3
277
4:1
244
2:4
243,
246-49,
259
277.
281-83,
285-87,
2:13
228
lQpHab
Ronians
147:4
2:15
12:12c
Cl
11:11
Samuel
89:18
144
59:17
186
29:5
Mor.
Ep.
Mart.
Diog.
Is.
Proverbs
1:6-8
220
ST
LCL
NEB ZB
ASR
11:7
77
16
3:16
195
193
193
227
Tobit
178
16:15
Daniel
13:23
2:19-23
160
69
Genesis
Hist.
228314:14-15
3:1-5
125
129:19
8516:12
Luke
6:12 165,168,
273-79
199
n.
5 [68
9:13
7:18
145
254
10:3
125
10:1-2
8:25
148 292-93
1:14
83
Jude
244
67:36
179
Cl 11:3-13
EKKNT
16612126:12-23
15:20
266
2:3-4
41244
5:8
217
Peter
189
Legum
Genesis
Allegoriae
Rabbah
(Philo)
3:30
45:19
16:31
11:7-10
116
16:1-2
12:11b
161,
193
106,
119
23:42
13:13-14
266Joshua
2:12
182
89:22
3:17
1:6-9
234,
182
272
49124
60:19-20
181
3:19
1:16
226-27
Zephaniah
2:3
2:19-24
119
11:14
226
121
13:26
160
124
178
Spec.
Pol.
Sol.
Leg.
APOCRYPHA
AND 125
1:1
69,
291
Exodus
SUNT
LEC
Neot ZNW
ATR
26:18
3:1-15
179
51-52,215,273-90
1:20
68
261
145
86
6:12-13
113
226 4:14-21
8:13
10:8
6:16-19
9:35
190
141
14:1-21
1:15-16
85
II. 19:20
9Pss.
174
33:19
244
76:8
243-46, 145
252,
254-55,
TZ
259
2:1
ff.7:9
AB
ETL
168284
15:20-21
167
2:4
121,256
5:17
192
189
12
49:3
10:18
26
5:24
22:22
70
21:5-6
153
89:37
97
61:5
182
278
11:11-12
115
16:5
70,
266
4:16
26, 80, 148,135
283
3:2
175
151
21:2
3:23-25
1:6-10
2:2511:36
i12:11b
47.
127-28
73,
156
78124
SEPTUAGINT
246Job
145
3:4
227
67
1:7
1:1-4
128
160
12:15
278
31:30
95,133
3:2
1:1-2
6:14-15 178
50,213-14
275-76
10
226
20:4-6
145,
226
14:1
8:13
160
244
8:17
6:19
7-2
11:24
150
285
14:5
85
257,
244
261
1:15
179
10:10
2:9-10
3.8
119
151
178
1:16
rrrBDF
LTDNT
War
Smy.
Or.
LSJ
Nestle-Aland
ZTK
BAGD
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172
147
TEV
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1
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. 5:28

L/i L/i Vi

PREFACE

Ul
'wfl

VIII
PROBATIO( 2:3-15)

242

BIBLICAL AND OTHER ANCIENT WORKS

304

FOREWORD
hile there have been many series of commentaries on the English text
of the New Testament in recent years, it is a long time since any attempt has been
69-70. 127 to the
10:13
15:23text. It is true
36, 125,
made to cater 67,
particularly
needs of students of276
the Greek
that266
at
6:22
141, 150
11:16
266
16:6
192
2:10-11
132
10:14
1:3-4
86
12:23
261
10:6
182
274
1:22
113 of Greek in many
Jubilees
61
10:19-20
85the70,study
15:23-24
175
CLASSICAL
AND
62:8
116
NEW
TESTAMENT
182
8:23
the
present
time
there
is
something
of
a
decline
in
7:1
77
11:25
166
16:12
192
3:1
77,
147,
273
6:18
209,
293
2:11
122 169
10:15
1:5
10:16
157
12:34
1:1-12
217 224,
1:24226, 251
83
34
235
20:3-6
151
5:8b-10
177
21
10:32
112
15:23-28
108,125, 142
HELLENISTIC
66
247
9:27
traditional theological183
institutions,
but
there
has
been
a 16:16
welcome
growth in the
7:3
11:25-26
20
208
3:2
31
1:2
23
1:7
145,213,
291
2:12
11:20
274
117
10:18
13:7
187
5:9
56
2:2
88,
117.
167.
267
92,
274
23:13-14
130
234,281
11:1
26,
80,
283
15:24
108
LITERATURE
174
Matthew 234
66:5
10:13
Ephesians
7:4
77 3:2-3
11:25-32
117
16:17
148
study of the New Testament
in
its original
language
in
286
1:3
74,128,
77,
138,215-17,
2:13
142
11:5the new
1:8-15
72
11:47-51
114
13:36
138
2:4
167
244 evangelical schools,
5:9-10
183,
186-89
23:14-23
244
179,228
11:2
26,
268
15:24-28
86
66:6
224
11:31
247 (Tacitus)
5:11-12
82
7:6
86
11:26
30,
31.88
16:18
86
Annals
3:5
165
2:14
1:3-14
1:9
12:3
292
72
261
97
11:7
284
2:5
265
261
13:44
83
especially in North America
5:10
and
the
Third
World.
33,168
It
is
hoped
that
The
New
25:1
151
41
11:4
256
15:42-44
108
66:9
251
11:31-36
246
5:18
142
7:24
88 3:14
11:28
77,233
116
16:20
122, 205, 209, 291
1:4
266
1:3-4
51.215-16
1:9-10
138
2:15
12:37
260
184
11:7-11
13:45
5:11
103
2:7
6
95,274
39:6
151
International Greek Testament
Commentary
will
demonstrate
the
value
of studying
289
11:7
126
15:43
267-68
49-50.
62,177.
1894.81
260
66:15-16
227
11:35
178
8:9
178
8:1
183
11:32
116
16:22
185
1:11-14
187
3:17
80,
283
1:3-7
232
2:17
1:10
12:39
97 91,196
200
179
11:12-1515:50
54,
13:45-50
244
2:10
116
256
5.5.2
115
40
11:16
112
108
the Greek New86,
Testament
174,
and
178
help toward
9:15
the revival
12:1of such
182 study.
Martyrdom
of Isaiah
8:3
188, 130.
197
11:35
137
16:23
9
3:20
1:21
28
86-87
n.
4
1:13
1:3-10
76,215,232
77
13:34
114
3:1-3
122,132
2:14
56
11:13-15
261
13:48
274
5:12
50,
120,
177,
191-94.
289
11:17
149
15:50-57
108
Jeremiah
12:2
167
10:40
157
The purpose of205
the 3:20-21
series
to
cater
to
the
needs16:25
of students who
want
JewishAntiquities
8:6
12181 is23,
191
26, 128,
232
2:1-10
186
1:3-12
108,
235
3:2
286
11:14
1:18
16:8
2:15-16
26,
88.
187,
260
182
75
13:50
6
50.
72.
130,
215-36
196,215,237
164
11:22
112
15:51-52
174
5:1-14
114
178
12:28
117
1:10 than
190 182
12:4
8:9-11
142
12:1-2
148
something less technical
a full-scale
criticai
commentary.
i-i1:18-32
3:21
229.267-68
3:16
17
85
171
11:21-29
225
2:20
9
n.
1,
167,
228
86.15:51-53
265 At the same time,
14:2
116
5:12-13
(Josephus)
54,
190,
195-96,
155
11:23
170
172
178 of 13:19
2:4
83
12:9
8:11
12:3
256,
286
1277
Corinthians and to make
Psalms
Solomon
4:1
123,
136.
268
4:2-5
75
1:4
83,217-20,
223,
271
the commentaries are168
intended
17:26-27
to
interact
with
modem
180
scholarship
3:18
92,
1:21
14:4
275
2:22
235,267
181
99
11:23-25
112
10.191
77
281
256
11:23-2522:29-34 227 203, 290
268
15:51-57
176
247
144
4:22
12:11
3:24
86
8:12
184
12:3-8
191
1:1
8,
68-69.
128,214
4:4
123,
199
5:14
168
1:4-5
222-23
32,135
3:2
111
4:2
1:24
19:44
97, 261
151,
261
11:23-28
14:14
99
5:12-15
143
12.164
70
their own scholarly108,223
contribution
235,
258
to the
study
of16,36,
the157
New
Testament.
There has been
11:29-34
286
15:57
188
3:6-10
163,
280
11:1
173
5:9
23:29-37
125
par.
114
4:2-3
200
8:13
131
12:8
192
1:2
70,
145,230,234,292
5:15
179
4:6
200
1:4-6
Philemon
42,
44,58
31
116
3:2-5
75 and monographs in
4:3n.5,31,
1:24-27
21:8
232,
260146. 153
178
11:24
14:15
85
5:12-22
20.112
30
35,
143,
190234,267
11:30
3:6-12
105,
163-64,
280
167
15:58
92
a
wealth
of
detailed
study
of
the
New
Testament
in
articles
13:9-10
222
6:14-15
180
Hosea
23:31-36
116
4:3-4
207
8:14-23
77.213
12:9
277
1:3
213.
291
5:21-23
1
68-69
36
4:7
205.291
OLD TESTAMENT
1:4-7
24:1
38
156
4:4
21:34-36
180
11:24-26
1:24-32
14:19
115
3:5 132, 182 6, 262
116
10, 79,94:1
111
204
3:6-13
162
151,
153,155,
158
12-14
203
16
193
17
245-46
recent
years,
and
the
series
is
meant
to
harvest
the
results
of
this
research
in
a
more
125
24
170-71
6:15
Against
Apion
(Josephus)
178
2:13
4:5
164
8:15
77 103,
12:10
160
74,216.236
6:14-17
3284
186
213
4:8
147.
273
1:4-10
292
106:47
238
15
3:6-9
68-69
154
4:5
1:25
56
262
11:27 1:4
5:13
36,
138,
147,
191,
3:6-15
24,
36,
39,
55,
153
12:1
58.159,
166
16:1
58,161
17:1
1-22
245
John
6:22-26
227
24:3
180
5:4
125
4:18
209. 277
292
easily accessible form.
commentaries
will
thus
8:17
267
191
1:4-9
72
Genesis
I12:11
Kings
112:4
181
6:16
19
292
4:9
80.220-23,232-33
205,291-92
1:5
108.
131
3:15
77 adequate, but not
15:19
85
4:6 The
1:26
181
261
11:28include
2.121
115
194-96
158
12:3
79,203
16:1-4
21
57-58,
62,
107.159,
17:32
160
24:27
125
9:3
22759,
8:17-18
229
12:12
123,
191,200
1:6
231-32
4:15
21
266
277
exhaustive, bibliographies.
They
will
attempt
to
treat
all
important problems
of
1:5-10
51,215
4:7
87,
175
3:26
153
12:2
77,213
1-3
54
1:29
4:48
2:10
167
259
97
15:22
5:13-22
2.296
24,140
261
68
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA,
Thessalonians
153, 9:6
246 1Philippians
12:4-11 24:29-31 227
10
16:5
142
197, 277-90
171
Joel
8:18-19
225,235
12:17
143,
191
86, 225
21-22
119
15:1
83 4:15-16
8:57-61
140
Proverbs
1:5-12
26,
222
25480,196-97,268,281,
3:28
712:3 15,1:7
154
4:17
2:1
5:18
229
262
114
5:14
15:22-34
DEAD
SEA
SCROLLS,
68
history, exegesis,39.58,
and
interpretation
that
may
arise.
Sibvlline
Oracies
50.55.62.
104-6,
159
12:7-11
202
16:10
67,
69.
127
3:7
Diogenes
Laertius
179,
187
24:31
173-74
10:15
1-3
178
47
n.
1:15
8
8:18-23
108
12:17-21
199
1:8
118.
179
15:4 One of the 10,
83
19:10-14
25
209,
293
114
4:18-19
181
4:16
58
1:6
1
137,
199,220,
222-24
1:1
175 RABBINIC
3:28-29
88,
187,
225
154
5:1 of 2:5
5:22-29
87
28
n.
12:4
4been16:12
15:27
AND
68
8.148.
68-69.99.
145.
163,
190-91,
gains
recent
scholarship
has
the
recognition
of
the
122.
132
12:8-10
79
128
283
10:25
227
2:1
173
24:37
125
1:1
8, 49,67-71,
8:18-24
116
5:33-34
12:18
191,112,
196
248
1:8-9
140, 285
207
15:16
22:23
262
10:4
4:19
140
1:6-7
222
198
4:1
100
5:3
5:25-29
120
173
12:5
2:5-10
LITERATURE
20
15:32
68
192,214
8,41
129
195-98,280-81
149, 170.character
268
3:7-8
12:10
281
203
16:13
268
Hebrews
primarily
theological
of
the
books
of
the
New
Testament.
This
series
will,
11:20
95
2:1-2
179
24:37-39
180
208.214.
236
Nehemiah
8:19
86 4:21-22
12:19
1:2
88,213.
137,
236.
156.
291
227
1:9
107. 199
276
17:5
187
20:22
127
1:6-10
88
122
.
4:3
100
5:8
2:5-11
6:45
172
225
160
12:7
15:35-36
5:15
190-91,
198-99
83
3:7-9
282-83
21
12:28
70
16:15
9,
254,
266
CD
Euboicus
(Dio
Chrysosiom)
Syriac
Apocalypse
of95
1:1-5
183
24:39
73
125
13:20
therefore, attempt202,
to 266
provide
a theological
understanding
of the text,
based
on
12:3
2:2
8:23
13:1-7
250,
287
1:10
77, 148,
234. 281
2:4
259
1:3-11
72
4:23
209.
293
47:30
167
1:6-12
1
Chronicles
7
198
4:4-5
86
7:1
114
5:10
2:8
36,
26,
225
88,
260
12:9-10
15:36-41
5:16
191,199-200
68
178
157
13
144
16:15-16
148,193,196
3:7-12
282
179
24:40-41
171
17:9
95
2:31-32
1:1-2:12
34,35
8:26
197
13:8
144
1:11
77.and
286
historical-critical-linguistic
exegesis.
It
will
not,
however,
attempt
to
apply
1:4
138
3:12
244
1:7
21:1
122
Isaiah
3:20
2:9\2
132,
222,
268
244
2:10
8:59
135
4:4-7
205
114
77.213
5:14
7:103-43
265 223-27,
163
199
12:10 16:15-18
15:40-18:5
68
Baruch
20,
145,
174.
118 5:16-22
256
13:4
198
195
3:8
8,
103,
192,
283-84
Colossians
238
184
18:23
178
3:2
Isaiah 24:42-44
1:2
73although
.74. 90.
110,
200,
12:10
8:27
13:9
289
1:18
260
1:6
179
6:10-12
75
Exodus
36:15-16
114
1:4
144
26.
260-63
138
4:8
86that the exegesis
5:16-6:2
2:16
13:3-10
128
26.
232
222
12:11
expound the text for 145
modern
11:11-13
readers,
it
is
167
hoped
will
16:1-3
5:17
191,200
69
229.
232,
238,
245
179
141
13:6
26,260
16:16
192,
194
3:9
80,
283.
285
2
Oration
(DioChrvsostom)
1Q27
lQMyst)
22:20-2311:45-53
183
24:43
180216,
3:31-32
179
233
8:28
200
13:9-10
134
1:26
77.195
10:22-24
75
1:8
97
2:11
147
1:10
83
1:7-8
1:1
2:10
which
12
26,43,
243-44.
263-64
69,
16.
99
276
259in(=
4:9
85
14:1
178
115
5:20
2:19
94277,
181
12:12
16:19-24
5:17-18
92
74
118 way
give some indication58,of
the
the
text
should
be
expounded.
3:10
164,
283,
159
13:11
100,
273
16:17
286
2:10b
25:13
184
1:2-3
47.128,
49.73,
80,
138,
31:8
238
-2:11
8:29
77 1 2:20
186.
253
1:28-29
234
13:11
10:39
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213
187
1:9
233
259.261-62
3:2
227
1:7-10
Esther
2:5
181
20:6
79
4:11
178
192
6:1
5:18
12:36
92,
94,
150.
236
200-201
182
12:12-13
16:35-36
100
92
32.5-6
97
27,
156.
227.
232,
234
1
245
172
13:12
285-86
75
16:18
192.
194
Within
the
limits
set
by
the
use
of
the
English
language,
the
series
aims
to
bc
11:4
39:21 8:13
259200.233
Amos
i12:1
*95
12 4:12
200
8:29-30
267
13:12
181,
185
1:29
124
1:9-11
157
138
7:3
259
2:11
67
16
2:10
229
1:3
29-30
172
80
6:4
12:44
32.7-10
135
157
94
12:16
3:5
17
5:19
26,
191,202
260
4,7
125
Mark
255
3:10-11
197
135 4 1:2
14:1
202
16:19
161
29:6contributors,
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the
however,
have
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1:2-4
74
8:30
229
13:13
107
2:2
254
50:9
144
5:17-18
1:10
1:3-8
179
72
16:10
175
12:3-11
222
2:10-11
232
2:12
26,
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1:8
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226-28.
234.
261,
6:4-10
48:48-50
190
4:19-20
225
222
12:19
106
3:5-6
13:20
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88
17:1-2
32.7-12
127
98
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135 4 5:19-20
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198
12:14
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Job
2:13
20.
77.216,
265-67
2:10-12
1:4-51
75 312:3
52:5-7
4:21-31
222
n.
5
6:6
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79
26,
260
274
144
13:3-7
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77-78
55.
190.
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286-87
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16:20
208
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142
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2:13
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222-24
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2:19-20
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106,190,
280-82,
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202
16:20-22
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265
14:3
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James
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255
Ezekiel
14
NICNT 8:39
1:2-3:10
278
14:13
262
250, 180
257
1:22
1:10
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107
15:15
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113,
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13:12 2:8
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36,188,
201,277
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Jeremiah
3:13
288
85
14:22-25
202
17:15
268
Ethiopic
Enoch
of
this
series
is 25,
to175
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those 2:13
who
are engaged in the
Herodotus
15
NIV
-1:12-13
1:2-3:13
34,72
9-11
20.31, 114,aim
118
1:4-28
14:15
161
LeviticusThe supreme
16:19
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97
14:4-20
247
2:13-3:5
242
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229-32,235
181
209.
270,
278
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16
20:28
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113.
115,
141,205-7,
266-67.
3:14
287-89
246
14:29
203
2
Corinthians
ministry of the Word
of
and
thus
to glorify
his
name.
Our
prayer is that it may
1:3145,174,226
74-76.
160
1:26-28
229
9:1
30.31,79
14:17
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205
3:1
100
NovT
5:3
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1:26
119
2:13-3:15
234
11:44-45
150
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22:9-1
1:13
1 12:29-32
200.186,217-18,
215,
232-35
181
88
14:12
182
5:11
115
7:1God
1QM
144
181
2.115
135
194
1:9
1 5:3
134
2:19
270,
291
71,
141,270
14:31
202
1:1
8,
68,
99.
112,
3:14-15
16.
164.
277-78,
Acts
13:10-16
180
Micah
234
180
13
170-71,178.224
NovTSupBEvT
9:4
30,150
31
14:18
86
3:5
256
5:7-8
125
be found helpful in this
task.
19:2
1:27
268.274
19:1
175
2:14
1:16
107,
187.267-68
87
1:11-12
16.51.215,232
62:1
-5
180
7:4
17:13
5:12
138
116
Galatians
54
5:5
79,278
5:23-24
140,
205
7
12:16
99
14:33
145
128,145. 161
288

History
of
the16, 26.36.39-41.45.
14:19 2:15
262
4:9-10
BFCT
1:1.3
182
1:4
186.127
265.
NTD
13:5-6
243-44
9:5
235
15:4-5
279
3:9
128
277
1:28
220
5:11
1:12
20.
229,234-36
19:18
160
Psalnis
1:20
87
19:11
182
91:2-10
244
1:7
21
5:14 76-78,
178
289
7:15
5:6
121
188.197
1-2
17:15
5:23-26
35 144,
3
24:6
284
3:15
15
58,193.196,289-90
21,165
1:2
213,291
255
271
NTS
13:7-8
130
9:11
28:1-10
77
15:5
247
141
3:10
236
277 259
135
Revelation
1:30
92
20:10-23
151
214:9
7:9
51,
184,
28,
172.
242,
244.
268-69,
249
95
20:3
93:8-10
1:9
1:22-23
28
244
n.
175
4
68,
168,
270
5:16
107
8:1
5:8
5:23-27
77
35.
271
1:1
50
1
17:16-34
38
Pelopon
n
esian
Wa
r
ExpTim Bib
28[51]:55
31
I.
Howard
Marshall
3:16
16,
20,
140-41.
99, 28:9
123
110
1:3-7
24,
72
I15:1
Peter
1:4-5
254 3:10-15
238
Habakkuk
13:14
247
226
277
9:16
274
15:5-6
140
96,
124
1:3
RHPR
2:1
106
2:1
215.237-38
21:8
150
13:3
1:26
167
266
26:16-19
180
277
161
5:16-26
36
2
Vlaccabees
8:1-2
5:23-28
1:15-26
49,
83
205-9,
291
1:2
99
7
5:8-11
18:2
1
86
16
FRLANTBJRL
[48] :3
1QS
99 (Thucydides)
15:1-2
270 291-92
133
1:8
77,135
W. Ward Gasque
215:12
Esdras
36:27
251
13:14-19
158
2:3
247
1:4-6
14
231
117
2:1-11
24
9:25
86
168
3:12-15
225
2:9
1:3-8
75
BNTC
17:3
95
27:13
173
2:152:1-2
3:3
34
RSV
1:27
28
n.
4
1:1
71,147
213,
236,
2:36
291
5:19
115
157
8:1-5
76.
84
1:3
3
5:9
18:3
5:24
107,
88.
116.
207.
169.
233,
187
104
276
130,
140,
2.89
194
2:3-4
18 n. 2, 242,285
248, 3:16-18
3:331[38]:444.50-51,51,291-93
20,
276-77
6:14
15:1-3
268
1:8-9
172
1:4-10
73
37:14
13:14-37
146
18
117
230
9:33
187
15:13
123.140-41
3:13
225
189
3:3
Deuteronomy
1:9-10
20:1-5
140
182
28:16
187
2:16
1:6-7
2:6-9
20
.51,77.
141,265,
125
82
1:28
193
4:36-37
1:2-6
174
140
107
5:21
108,
156,
223
5:9-10
18:5
5:25
2:43
200,
127.
207,
133
259
274
87
2
RTR
8:4
145
1:6
166.
237-41
31[48]:8
HNT
285
15:1-11
18, 19,
25,38-41,
24
1:8-11
275
264 3:17
3:3-4
273
Iliad
(Homer)
17:39
121
15:24
244
3:9
1:5
36,
43.
49-50,
53,
230.
231
39:7
13:21-22
144
Zephaniah
248
10:1
234
3:13
15:14
193
182
3:16-17
246
1:15-16
2:6-11
144
142
2:1-4
6:12-16
1:29
222
244
192
3:18
147
20:9
270-71,278
140
43:4-7
238
5:1-12
130
BZNW
5:25-28
3:13
188
205
115
8:14
267
5:22
234110,
123,161,
1:6-7
18:12-17
624 198-99
SANT
311481:32
HTR
Ann.
2:3-7
242
3:3-5
2 Timothy
992 5:11
15:3
208,
292-93
188
1:11
207
4:8
189
78-80.92.
102-3,
1
John
17:47
70
245
117
173,
3:13-4:26
179
13:22
181
259
10:9
168
15:14-33
119
4:2
273
1:14-16
4:34
259
27:1
1:21-22
181
75
49:7
187
2:1-12
6:14
2:10-11
2:5
125,231
116
120
CBQ
2:1617
51,
141,242,
5:1-13
244
5:26
3:19-21
2532:17 [25:311
5:22-23
205,
236
178
208
1:7
158
19:10
83
17-18.69
20.
24.34,
11.241
167
SBLDS
ICC
99-100. 103,
274
15:3-4
168
1:12
236
3:18
209,
293
Ant.
2:3-8
246,8:17-24
2484 5:15
3:3-16
34
1:5
8
189
105,
149.
232
238
135
1.35,
187
13:26
par.
175
2:13-14
277
21:5-6
153
Psalms
10:13
234
3:24-25
15:16
79,
266
182
4:5
178.
181,223,
225,
Sirach
CNT
10:22
2:12
119
67
6:22
259
Daniel
68:18
1:22
2:6
[Hebrew]
226
160
1:15
110
49:15
182
6:17-24
270-72
173
133
5:22-24
202
173
8:18
5:27
78,128
169
1:8
39,58,62,
166,
17719:21
4:30
142
259
35.39.
67,149,
121.
208SBLSP
Int
170 5:17-18
15:3-7
99
1:13
118, 286
2:3-12
18, 20,51.237,
3:433[40]:7
36,
277-78
1:10
Ap.
8:2
TheJewish
War
(Josephus)
228
1:5-6
112
277
274
2:18
248
11
[12]:7
Wisdom
10:14
267
15:18-19
79
262
1
Timothy
229
4:23
187
13:26-27
268
226
82:6-7
88:6
226
8:10
ConB
2:13
234
12:45
167
7:6-11
77
71:22
2:9
3:4
28
144
187
n.
4
52:6-10
125
2:21
2:17
44,5:24
129.178
141,271-73,
2-2
7:25-44
172
5:12
11042(491:10
259
153
78.215.222,
224.
240
224 5:18
69
1:9
19:32
70
9,183
293
2Diog.
Bar. Laert.
256
15:3-8
69,165
1:14
124,179
242-64,8:23
271
3:5
20,
76,
140-41,
4:1
SBS
JBL
8:6
VD
228
8:8 88:23
1:6
10,
26.
36,
79-82,
93,
229 4:8-13
10:16
227
15:19
13:27
259,
274
238
225
2:28
125
13:5
Chronicles
15(161:1
[89:71
141
DNTT
15:3
7717496,
15:14
74:20
181
160
52:7
78
23:1
2:20-21
97,
153,
157
82
2:16
276
5:28
35,
196,
205,209.
4:34
5:20
7:73-74
Rom.
145
12:18
138
178
9:1
20:1-2
1.30
6:8
141
6:9
159
142
261
259
1:10
288
92.
124.
179,
192,
96
15:7
99
1:19
68,
86,
97
2:19
217
2:3-14
242
278-79
4:5
Apoc.
1
Enoch
Mos.
2QS
8:13
189
SBT
JSNTSSWBC
AnBib
14:12-31
El. -3
23:4
112,
135.
163.
199,
13:33
178
4:1
203
29:18
278
24(25]:
17
258
15:12
77
79:6
3:11
227
154
52:12
238
102:9
105:47
141
10:16-17
111
15:30-32
148,
207
4:11-12
104
2:2
3:7
152-53
2:1718 18,
34
274143, 184
1.470
255
7:9
6:4
20:4
13:24
133
6:1019.
227
168
172
Zechariah
69
2577,
9:1-5
Ezckiel
218
1:11
6:9
293
70
27,
39-41,
12:17a
92:3-15
117
15:10
92,20.
124,192,
236
1:20
169
3:4
192
4
Maccabees
240
3:6
16,
107,
149,
197,
228
Barn.
Gn.
Rab.
SNT
JTS
MNTC WMANT
ANRW
23:16-27
219
Ep.
2:19
67.127
122
13:34-37
184
4:3
248
28[29]:7
226
11:3
114
15:31
275
4:12
104,
192
118(1191:143
151
31:16
167
82:5
181
55:5
227
15:1
3:12
6:14
77
3:1
3:8
26,
200,
274-75
160
2.224-27
117
13:30-31
130
DTT
7:13
9:2
6:6
7:36
110
6:11
175
254
3:1-2
259
86
1:12
208
9
174
26:20
85
55,58,
130,
179,
203,
9:13-15
178
9:14
274 3:12
15:12
168
1:22
202
192
2:3-17
51,237,
242-72
228.
234,
237,
273,
Titus
12:12a
228
23:15
Thessalonians
Did.
Jub.
1 Maccabees
1:6-7
221.283
120(1211:7
SNTSMS
JTSA
NCBC Bib
ASNU
28:1-7
Cl 16:14
160
11:5
77
89:7-8
15:33
140,
205,
291-92
145
4:14
56:8
15,106
238
14:16
199
Hdt.
291
2
Chronicles
40[4lj:2
10:15
229
Deuteronomv
5:8
3:1-2
173
207,
273-74
184
228
2.225
2:19-22
30
69
7:13-14
9:13
6:11
14:16-17
7:52
70
6:11-18
175
274
130
9:14
70
114
1:13
292
235
209,
222,
238-41,
268,
259
11
Cl
197
15:18
169
2:3
277
4:1
244
2:4
243,
246-49,
259
277.
281-83,
285-87,
2:13
228
lQpHab
Ronians
147:4
2:15
12:12c
Cl
11:11
Samuel
89:18
144
59:17
186
29:5
Mor.
Ep.
Mart.
Diog.
Is.
Proverbs
1:6-8
220
ST
LCL
NEB ZB
ASR
11:7
77
16
3:16
195
193
193
227
Tobit
178
16:15
Daniel
13:23
2:19-23
160
69
Genesis
Hist.
228314:14-15
3:1-5
125
129:19
8516:12
Luke
6:12 165,168,
273-79
199
n.
5 [68
9:13
7:18
145
254
10:3
125
10:1-2
8:25
148 292-93
1:14
83
Jude
244
67:36
179
Cl 11:3-13
EKKNT
16612126:12-23
15:20
266
2:3-4
41244
5:8
217
Peter
189
Legum
Genesis
Allegoriae
Rabbah
(Philo)
3:30
45:19
16:31
11:7-10
116
16:1-2
12:11b
161,
193
106,
119
23:42
13:13-14
266Joshua
2:12
182
89:22
3:17
1:6-9
234,
182
272
49124
60:19-20
181
3:19
1:16
226-27
Zephaniah
2:3
2:19-24
119
11:14
226
121
13:26
160
124
178
Spec.
Pol.
Sol.
Leg.
APOCRYPHA
AND 125
1:1
69,
291
Exodus
SUNT
LEC
Neot ZNW
ATR
26:18
3:1-15
179
51-52,215,273-90
1:20
68
261
145
86
6:12-13
113
226 4:14-21
8:13
10:8
6:16-19
9:35
190
141
14:1-21
1:15-16
85
II. 19:20
9Pss.
174
33:19
244
76:8
243-46, 145
252,
254-55,
TZ
259
2:1
ff.7:9
AB
ETL
168284
15:20-21
167
2:4
121,256
5:17
192
189
12
49:3
10:18
26
5:24
22:22
70
21:5-6
153
89:37
97
61:5
182
278
11:11-12
115
16:5
70,
266
4:16
26, 80, 148,135
283
3:2
175
151
21:2
3:23-25
1:6-10
2:2511:36
i12:11b
47.
127-28
73,
156
78124
SEPTUAGINT
246Job
145
3:4
227
67
1:7
1:1-4
128
160
12:15
278
31:30
95,133
3:2
1:1-2
6:14-15 178
50,213-14
275-76
10
226
20:4-6
145,
226
14:1
8:13
160
244
8:17
6:19
7-2
11:24
150
285
14:5
85
257,
244
261
1:15
179
10:10
2:9-10
3.8
119
151
178
1:16
rrrBDF
LTDNT
War
Smy.
Or.
LSJ
Nestle-Aland
ZTK
BAGD
Leg.
All. 4:2
172
147
TEV
UBSGNT
EvQ
AGJU
1
.Sib.
. 5:28

L/i L/i Vi

PREFACE

Ul
'wfl