Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
2014/07/23
Definitions
Space Conditioning
Applied to processes by which air in occupied
spaces is maintained at acceptable conditions
(temp, humidity and freshness)
HVAC
Heating
Ventilating
Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning
Refers to all process used in changing states of
conditioned air in an HVAC system
Often used to describe just the cooling and
dehumidification aspects of overall HVAC system
Fields
Heating,
humidifying and
air quality control
Industrial
Refrigeration, incl
food preservation,
chemical and
process industries
Cooling and
Dehumidifying operations
in air Conditioning
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Confort Air-conditioning:
The process of treating air to control simultaneously its
temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet
comfort requirements of the occupants of the conditioned space
Speciality Areas
Automotive
Truck
Aircraft
Ships
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Air
Industrial Facilities
INDUSTRY
REQUIREMENT
Chemical/Painting
Paper Industry
Plastics Plant
Food Industry
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Hospitals
Special Requirements:
100% outdoor air must be used
Humidity levels are limited in ORs to avoid static
electricity
Design of an energy efficient system meeting all
the requirements quite a challenge
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Spot
Heating/Cooling
Environmental
Laboratories
Printing
Textiles
Precision Parts
and Clean
Rooms
Photographic
Products
Usually a DX system
Central/Unitary system compressor and condenser is
located outdoors (called a condensing unit), and
evaporator coil in the interior air ducts
Combined heating and cooling Heat Pumps (cycle
can be reversed evaporator becomes condenser)
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Food Industry
Freezing
Storage
Distribution
Food
Processing
Beverages
Special Applications
Drinking
Fountains
Dehumidifiers
Ice Makers
Ice Skating
Rinks
Construction
Desalting of
Seawater
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Typical
Air Distribution System
HVAC System
Continuously
circulates air
through building
Pollutants generated by
Occupants and processes
removed thruogh air exchange
with outside (exhaust duct and
dampers)
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Separate
Air-water systems
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Equipment
Heating
Depending on requirements
steam or hot water to HEs from a boiler (natural gas,
oil or electricity)
Fuel-fired furnace
Electric resistance heaters in duct
Cooling
Typically a vapour-compression system to chill water
certain cases absorption chillers sometimes used
Equipment (2)
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DX System
Equipment (3)
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History
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1902 Comfort cooling system installed at the New York Stock Exchange
.
1902 First office building with an air-conditioning system installed
A self-contained mechanical refrigerator is displayed at the St.
1904 Louis World's Fair
1906 First office building specifically designed for air conditioning.
1906 Patent filed for "dew point control" system
Air-conditioning equipment installed in dining and meeting rooms
1907 at Congress Hotel in Chicago
Aircooled, electric, self-contained household refrigerating unit is
1914 marketed
1927 Gas-fired household absorption refrigerators become popular
First refrigerator to be mass produced with a completely sealed
1927 refrigerating system
1930 Smaller air-conditioning units appear on trains
1928 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants are synthesized
"Hot- Kold" year-round central air-conditioning system for homes
1931 on the market
1931 A heat pump air-conditioning system in Los Angeles office building
1936 Albert Henne synthesizes refrigerant R-134a
More than half of new automobiles are equipped with air
1969 conditioning
1987 Minimum energy efficiency requirements set
1987 The Montreal Protocol
1992 Minimum energy efficiency standards set for commercial buildings
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