Generic name Captopril is an 1) Hypertension Adverse effects of >Capoten should

Captopril oral drug and a captopril include be taken 1 hour

2) Cardiac
Brand member of a class cough, before meals.
conditions such as
name:Capoten of drugs called angioedema, When taking an
post myocardial
Classification:AC angiotensin agranulocytosis, antacid such as
infarction and
E (angiotensin converting proteinuria, Mylanta, take 2
congestive heart
converting enzyme (ACE) hyperkalemia, hours prior to
failure
enzyme) inhibitors. ACE taste alteration, Capoten.
inhibitors. inhibitors are used 3)Preservation of teratogenicity, >Take Captopril
for treating high kidney function in postural exactly as
blood pressure, diabetic hypotension, acute prescribed.
heart failure, and nephropathy renal failure and Stopping Capoten
for preventing leukopenia.. suddenly could
kidney failure due CONTRAINDICA Except for cause increase in
to high blood TION postural blood pressure
pressure and hypotension
diabetes. Other Do not use this which occurs due
ACE inhibitors medication if you to short and fast
include enalapril are allergic to mode of action of
(Vasotec), captopril or to any captopril, most of
quinapril other ACE the side effects
(Accupril), inhibitor, such as mentioned are
ramipril (Altace), benazepril common for all
fosinopril (Lotensin), ACE inhibitors.
(Monopril), fosinopril Among these
benazepril (Monopril), cough is the most
(Lotensin), enalapril common adverse
lisinopril (Zestril,(Vasotec), effect and is due
Prinivil), lisinopril (Prinivil, to elevated levels
moexipril Zestril), moexipril of bradykinin.
(Univasc) and (Univasc), Hyperkalemia can
trandolapril perindopril occur especially if
(Mavik). (Aceon), quinapril used along with
other drugs which
Angiotensin II is a (Accupril),
ramipril (Altace), elevate potassium
very potent
or trandolapril level in blood like
chemical that
potassium sparing
causes the muscles (Mavik).
diuretics.
surrounding blood
vessels to
contract, thereby
narrowing the
vessels. The
narrowing of the
vessels increases
the pressure
within the vessels
causing high
blood pressure
(hypertension).
Angiotensin II is
formed from
 angiotensin I in
the blood by the
enzyme
angiotensin
converting
enzyme or ACE.
ACE inhibitors are
medications that
slow (inhibit) the
activity of the
enzyme ACE and
decrease the
production of
angiotensin II. As
a result, blood
vessels enlarge or
dilate, and blood
pressure is
reduced. The
lower blood
pressure makes it
easier for the heart
to pump blood and
can improve the
function of a
failing heart. In
addition,
progression of the
blood vessel
disease within the
kidney caused by
high blood
pressure or
diabetes is slowed.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
Brand Name: Increases the force
LANOXIN of myocardial CNS disturbances,
Cardiac failure ü Monitor
contraction. dizziness; visual
Generic Name: accompanied by apical pulse before
Prolongs disturbances
Digoxin atrial fibrillation; administering.
refractory period (blurred or
Drug Class: management of ü Monitor
of the AV node. yellowish vision);
Antiarrhythmics, chronic cardiac blood pressure
Decreases arrhythmia,
inotropics failure where periodically in
conduction conduction
systolic patients receiving
through the SA disturbances,
\ dysfunction or IV dogoxin.
and AV nodes. bigeminy,
 Increased cardiac ventricular trigeminy, PR ü Monitor
output (positive dilatation is prolongation, intake and output
inotropic effect) dominant; sinus bradycardia; ratios and daily
and slowing of the management of nausea, vomiting, weights.
heart rate certain diarrhea; urticarial ü Observe
(negative supraventricular or scarlatiniform patient for signs
chronotropic arrhythmias, w/ eosinophilia. and symptoms of
effect). particularly toxicity.
chronic atrial ü Oral
flutter & preparations can
fibrillation. be administered
without regard to
CONTRAINDICA meals.
TION ü Before
administering
Intermittent
initial loading
complete heart
dose, determine
block or 2nd
whether patient
degree AV block
has taken any
esp if there is a
digitalis
history of Stokes-
preparations in the
Adams attacks;
preceding 2-3 wk.
arrhythmia caused
by cardiac
glycoside
intoxication,
supraventricular
arrhythmia caused
by Wolff-
Parkinson-White
syndrome;
ventricular
tachycardia or
fibrillation;
hypertrophic
obstructive
cardiomyopathy.
Hypersensitivity
to other digitalis
glycosides.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
ü For
Generic name: hypokalemia ürenal
Supplemental ü Some patients
Potassium insufficiency
potassium in the ü As find it difficult to
Chloride form of high prophylaxis ühyperkalemia swallow the large
Brand Name: potassium food or during treatment ünausea sized KCl tablet.
Kalium Durule potassium with diuretics üvomiting Administer while
Drug Class: chloride may be ü To prevent üirritability patient is sitting
Electrolytes and able to restore and treat ümuscle weakness up or standing
minerals normal potassium potassium, üdifficulty in (never in
levels. deficit secondary swallowing recumbent
to diuretics or position) to
corticosteroid prevent drug-
therapy. induced
ü Also esophagus.
indicated when üFollow
potassium, is instructions
depleted by severe regarding dilution.
vomiting, ü Color in some
prolonged diuresis commercial oral
and diabetic solutions fades
acidosis. with exposure to
light but drug
CONTRAINDICA effectiveness is
TION reportedly not
altered.
Severe renal
impairment
> severe
hemolytic
reactions
> acute
dehydration
>heat cramps
>hyperkalemia

Cautious use in:

>cardiac or renal
disease;
systematic
acidosis

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
ID
Generic Name: üOral, IV: Edema
Fluid and
Furosemide ü Administer with
Furosemide associated withelectrolyte
inhibits food or milk to
reabsorption of Na CHF, cirrhosis,
Brand Name: imbalance. prevent GI upset.
Lasix renal disease Rashes,
and chloride
photosensitivity, ü Reduce dosage
mainly in the üIV: Acute if given with other
Drug Class : medullary portion pulmonary edema nausea, diarrhoea,
blurred vision, antihypertensives;
Diuretics of the ascending üOral: dizziness, readjust dosage
See available Loop of Henle. Hypertension headache, gradually as BP
brands of Excretion of hypotension. Bone responds.
potassium and marrow
furosemide ü Give early in the
ammonia is also depression (rare), day so that
increased while CONTRAINDICA hepatic increased
uric acid excretion TION dysfunction. urination will not
is reduced. It Hyperglycaemia,
Severe sodium disturb sleep.
increases plasma- glycosuria,
renin levels and and water ototoxicity. ü Avoid IV use if
secondary depletion, Potentially Fatal: oral use is at all
hyperaldosteronis hypersensitivity to Rarely, sudden possible.
m may result. sulphonamides death and cardiac
Furosemide and furosemide, arrest.
reduces BP in hypokalaemia, Hypokalaemia and
hypertensives as hyponatraemia, magnesium
well as in precomatose states depletion can
normotensives. It associated with cause cardiac
also reduces liver cirrhosis, arrhythmias.
pulmonary anuria or renal
oedema before failure. Addison's
diuresis has set in. disease.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS

Pyrexia of Paracetamol has

Paracetamol >Instruct the
Generic Name: unknown origin. rarely been found
produces patient to take
Paracetamol Fever & pain to produce any
analgesia by with meals.
associated w/ adverse effects in
Brand Name: raising the
common therapeutic doses Have plenty of
Tylenol threshold of the
childhood and is usually well water when taking
pain center in the
Drug Class : disorders, tolerated by this drug.
brain and by
Analgesics (Non- obstructing tonsillitis, upper aspirin-sensitive
Opioid) & resp tract patients. Toxicity
impulses at the
Antipyretics infections post- may result from a
pain-mediating
immunization single toxic dose
chemoreceptors.
reactions, after of the drug or
The drug produces
tonsillectomy & from chronic
antipyresis by an
other conditions. ingestion.
action on the
Prevention of
hypothalamus; The following
febrile convulsion.
heat dissipation is adverse reactions
Headache, cold,
increased as a have been
sinusitis, muscle
result of reported: Skin
pain, arthritis &
vasodilation and eruption,
 increased toothache. hematological
peripheral blood toxicity eg,
flow. thrombocytopenia
CONTRAINDICA and leucopenia,
TION methemoglobinae
>Nephropathy. mia which can
result in cyanosis,
and on long-term
use, renal damage
can result.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
Diarrhea, nausea, Before:
Generic Name Used in the abnormal taste,
A semisynthetic -Note sensitivity
Clarithromycin treatment of resp dyspepsia,
macrolide to erythromycin or
tract infections; abdominal
antibiotic derived any macrolide
Brand Name: skin & soft tissue pain/discomfort &
from antibiotics.
Baclecin infections, headache.
erythromycin that
leprosy. -List drugs
is active against a
Drug Prophylaxis & currently
variety of
Classification: treatment of prescribed to
microorganisms. It
macrolide oppurtunistic prevent any
can inhibit protein
antibiotic myobacterial interactions.
synthesis in
infections. -Document onset,
bacteria by
Alternative to severity and
reversibly binding
penicillins for characteristics of
to the 50S
prophylaxis of S&S.
ribosomal
endocarditis.
subunits. This During:
Eradication of H.
inhibits the
pylori in peptic -May administer
translocation of
ulcer. with or without
aminoacyl
transfer-RNA and CONTRAINDICA food.
prevents peptide TION -Explain effects of
chain elongation the drug and its
Hypersensitivity
to clarithromycin, side effects.
erythromycin or -Administer as
any macrolides. prescribed.
After:
-Report adverse
effects or lack of
improvement after
48-72 hr.
-Report any
persistent
 diarrhea.
-Document
administration of
medication.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
Generic name: CNS: fever,
Ceftriaxone Infections of CV: phlebitis
Second-generation Before giving
Brand name: lungs, skin, soft
of cephalosporin medication, make
Rocephin tissue, bones, GI:
that inhibit its cell sure that the
Classification; joints, urinary and pseudomembranus
wall synthesis, patient is not
Second generation respiratory tracts,
promoting allergic to
cephalosporin blood, abdomen os colitis, diarrhea
osmotic penicillin or
and heart:
instability, usually cephalosporin.
GU: genital
bactericidal CNS infections
pruritus.
caused by
Obtain specimen
susceptible strains Hematologic:eosin
for cultures and
of Neisseria ophilia,
sensitivity test
Meningitis, thrombocytosis,le
before giving first
Haemophilus ucopenia.
dose.
Influenzae, and Skin: pain,
Streptococcus induration,
Pneumoniae ; tenderness of at
meningitis caused injection site, rash,
by Escherichia pruritus.
Coli or Klebsiella;
Other:
infections that
develop after Hypersensitivity
surgical reactions serum,

procedures sickness,

classified as anaphylaxis,
contaminated or chills.
potentially
contaminated;
penicillinase-
 producing N.
gonorrhea; otitis
media.

CONTRAINDICA
TION
Contraindicated
in patients
hypersensitive to
drug and other
cephalosporin.
Use cautiously in
patient
hypersensitive to
penicillin because
of possibility of
cross-sensitivity
with other
betalactam
antibiotics.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS/ CONSIDERIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
Generic EENT:
name:Metroni- Inflammatory
May cause Lacrimation of Advice patient to
dazole papules and
bacterial effect by avoid use of
pustules of acne applied around
Brand interacting with topical gel around
rosacea
name:Flagyl bacterial DNA. eyes. eyes.
CONTRAINDICA
Classification:Top Advise patient to
TION GI:
ical drugs (local
clean area
anti-infective) Contraindicated Nausea, pain,
in patients thoroughly before
hypersensitive to cramps, metallic
use and to wait 15
drug or its or bad taste in
ingredients, such to 20 mins. After
as parabens and mouth.
cleaning skin
other
nitroimidazole GU: before applying
derivatives
 Cervicitis, drug to minimize
vaginitis, perineal risk of local
Use cautiously in
patients will and vulvovaginal irritation.
history or
itching.
evidence of blood
dyscrasia in those
Skin:
with several
hepatic disease. Transient redness,
dryness, mild
burning, stinging

Other:

Overgrowth of no
susceptible
organism.

DRUG ACTION INDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

REACTIONS CONSIDERIONS
Generic •
name:clarithromyc Inhibits protein Treatment of • CNS: • Culture
in upper respiratory Dizziness,
synthesis in infection before
(klar ith' ro my susceptible infections caused headache, vertigo, therapy.
sin) bacteria, causing by S. pyogenes, S. somnolence,
cell death. pneumoniae fatigue • Do not
Brand cut or crush, and
name:Biaxin, • • GI: ensure that patient
Biaxin XL Treatment of Diarrhea,
CONTRAINDICA lower respiratory does not chew ER
abdominal pain,
Drug class TION tablets.
infections caused nausea, dyspepsia,
Macrolide by Mycoplasma flatulence, •
antibiotic • pneumoniae, S. vomiting, melena, Monitor patient
Contraindicated pneumoniae, H. pseudomembran for anticipated
with influenzae, M. ous colitis response.
hypersensitivity to catarrhalis
clarithromycin, • Other: •
erythromycin, or • Superinfections, Administer
any macrolide Treatment of skin increased PT, without regard to
antibiotic. and skin-structure decreased WBC meals; administer
infections caused with food if GI
Use cautiously by S. aureus, S. effects occur.
with colitis, pyogenes
hepatic or renal • Take
impairment, • drug with food if
pregnancy, Treatment of GI effects occur.
lactation disseminated Take the full
mycobacterial course of therapy.
infections due to Do not drink
M. avium and M. grapefruit juice
 intracellular while taking this
drug.
•
Treatment of • Shake
active duodenal suspension before
ulcer with H. use; do not
pylori in refrigerate; do not
combination with cut, crush, or
proton pump chew ER tablets;
inhibitor swallow whole.
• • These
Treatment of acute side effects may
otitis media, acute occur: Stomach
maxillary sinusitis cramping,
due to H. discomfort,
influenzae, M. diarrhea; fatigue,
cararrhalis, S. headache
pneumoniae (medication may
be ordered);
• ER
additional
tablets: Treatment
infections in the
of mild to
mouth or vagina
moderate
(consult with care
community-
provider for
acquired
treatment).
pneumonia in
adults • Report
severe or watery
diarrhea, severe
nausea or
vomiting, rash or
itching, mouth
sores, vaginal
sores.

INTERVENTION EVALUATIO
INDEPENDENT: After 2 hours of comprehensive nursing
intervention the goal was met as
comprehensive nursing Ø Provide tepid sponge bath.
evidenced by:
patient will have a
perature as evidenced by: Ø Assess fluid loss & facilitate oral (-) skin warm to touch
touch intake. (-)flushed skin
Ø Promote bed rest. (-)dry mucous membranes
membranes >Temperature within normal range T-
within normal range of Ø Provide cool circulating air using a 37.4 C
fan. >Vital signs within normal range:
hin normal range: Ø Assist patient in changing into dry HR- 120bpm
m clothing. RR- 20cpm
Ø Provide oral hygiene.
 Ø Monitor vital signs.

DEPENDENT:
Ø Maintain IV fluids as ordered by
physician.
Ø Administer anti-pyretic as ordered.
Ø Administer antibiotic as ordered.

COLLABORATIVE:
Ø Monitor hematologic test & other
pertinent lab records.
Discuss condition of the patient
with other members of the health
care team.