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Learning Objectives
Students will come to know
1. The condition of India when Lord Hastings became
Governor-General.
2. The War with Nepal, the kingdom of the Gurkhas.
3. Who were the Pindaris and how they were exterminated.
4. The third and Final War with the Marathas.
5. The causes for the defeat of the Marathas at the hands of the
British.
6. The Reforms introduced by Lord Hastings.
7. An estimate of Lord Hastings.
Treaty of Sagauli was concluded. The Gurkhas gave up their claim over the Tarai
region and ceded the areas of Kumaon and Garhwal to the British. The British now
secured the area around Simla and their north-western borders touched the
Himalayas. The Gurkhas had to withdraw from Sikkim and they also agreed to keep
a British Resident at Katmandu. It was also agreed that the kingdom of Nepal would
not employ any other foreigner in its services other than the English. The British had
also obtained the sites of hill stations like Simla, Mussoori, Nainital, Ranikhet and
developed them as tourist and health resorts. After this victory in the Gurkha War
Hastings was honoured with English peerage and he became Marquis of Hastings.
Marathas but also among the British. The latter asked the Peshwa to handover
Triambakji to them. Peshwa handed over his Minister to the British, who lodged him
in Thana jail from where he escaped. Consequently, on 13 June 1817, the British
Resident Elphinstone forced the Peshwa to sign the Treaty of Poona. Baji Rao gave
up his desire to become the supreme head of the Marathas
Estimate
Lord Hastings was an able soldier and a brilliant administrator. His liberal views on
education and Press are commendable. He suppressed the Pindaris, defeated the
Marathas and curbed the power of the Gurkhas. His territorial gains strengthened
the British power in India. He was considered the maker of the Bombay Presidency.
In short, he completed and consolidated the work of Wellesley. Lord Hastings was
succeeded by Lord Amherst (1823-28) who fought the First Anglo-Mysore War
(1824-26).
Learning Outcome
After studying this lesson the student is able to explain
1. The chief tasks that Lord Hastings had to fulfil when he
came to India.
2. The Gurkhas were defeated in the war and surrendered to
the British.
3. The Pindaris remained a nuisance to the peace and
tranquillity of central India and the efforts taken by
Hastings to eliminate them.
4. The weaknesses of the Maratha confederacy and the
supremacy of the British, who overpowered them.
5. The Reforms of Lord Hastings.
MODEL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. Lord Hastings declared war on Nepal in the year
(a) 1814 (b) 1815
(c) 1816 (d) 1817
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. In 1768 . emerged as a powerful Gurkha state.
2. The third Battle of Panipat took place in the year ..
III. Match the following.
1. Amar Singh Thapa a. Pindaris
2. Karim Khan b. Bengali Weekly
3. Sir Thomas Munroe c. General of Nepal
4. Samachar Darpan d. Ryotwari System
IV. Find out the correct statement. One statement alone is
right.
a) Lord Hasings adopted the polify of non-intervention.
b) Treaty of Saugali was concluded in 1815,
c) The leaders of Pindrais belonged to Sikh community.
d) Lord Hastings was the patron of the Hindu College at Calcutta.
V. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. After the Gurkha war, the Gurkhas had agreed to keep a British
Resident at Kathmandu.
2. Triambakji was the Chief Minister of Baji Rao II.
VI. Write short notes (Any three points).
1. Gurkha War.
2. Reforms of Lord Hastings.
VII. Answer briefly (100 words).
1. Discuss the efforts taken by Lord Hastings to eliminate the
Pindaris.
2. Mention the causes for the downfall of the Maratha
Confederacy.
VIII. Answer in detail (200 words).
1. Evaluate the administration of Lord Hastings.
2. Examine the causes and effects of the Third Maratha War