Airman Knowledge Testing

Supplement for Aviation Mechanic

General, Powerplant, and
Airframe; and Parachute Rigger

2013
This publication was formerly known as
Computer Testing Supplement for Aviation Mechanic General, Powerplant, and Airframe and
Parachute Rigger

U.S. Department of Transportation

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Flight Standards Service

ii

Preface
This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards
Service with assistance from Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). It is intended for use by Airman Knowledge
Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) Holders and other entities approved and/or authorized to
administer airman knowledge tests, on behalf of the FAA, in the following knowledge areas:
Aviation Mechanic GeneralAMG
Aviation Mechanic PowerplantAMP
Aviation Mechanic AirframeAMA
Parachute RiggerRIG, RMC, RMP
FAA-CT-8080-4F supersedes FAA-CT-8080-4E, Computer Testing Supplement for Aviation Mechanic General,
Powerplant, and Airframe; and Parachute Rigger, dated 2005.
Comments regarding this supplement, or any AFS-630 publication should be sent to the following address:
AFS630comments@faa.gov

iii

iv

Contents
Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. iii
Contents............................................................................................................................................................. v
Appendix 1 - Aviation Mechanic General
Figure 1. Equation........................................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Equation........................................................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3. Equation........................................................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4. Circuit diagram.............................................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5. Formula........................................................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6. Circuit diagram.............................................................................................................................................................................7
Figure 7. Circuit diagram.............................................................................................................................................................................8
Figure 8. Circuit diagram.............................................................................................................................................................................9
Figure 9. Circuit diagram...........................................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 10. Battery circuit...........................................................................................................................................................................11
Figure 11. Circuit diagram.........................................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 12. Circuit diagram.........................................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 13. Circuit diagram.........................................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 14. Circuit diagram.........................................................................................................................................................................15
Figure 15. Landing gear circuit.................................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 16. Fuel system circuit....................................................................................................................................................................17
Figure 17. Electrical symbols.....................................................................................................................................................................18
Figure 18. Landing gear circuit.................................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 19. Landing gear circuit.................................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 20. Circuit diagram.........................................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 21. Electrical symbols.....................................................................................................................................................................22
Figure 22. Transistors................................................................................................................................................................................23
Figure 23. Transistorized circuit................................................................................................................................................................24
Figure 24. Logic gate.................................................................................................................................................................................25
Figure 25. Logic gate.................................................................................................................................................................................26
Figure 26. Logic gate.................................................................................................................................................................................27
Figure 27. Object views..............................................................................................................................................................................28
Figure 28. Object views..............................................................................................................................................................................29
Figure 29. Object views..............................................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 30. Object views..............................................................................................................................................................................31
Figure 31. Sketches.....................................................................................................................................................................................32
Figure 32. Sketches.....................................................................................................................................................................................33
Figure 33. Material symbols.......................................................................................................................................................................34
Figure 34. Aircraft drawing.......................................................................................................................................................................35
Figure 35. Aircraft drawing.......................................................................................................................................................................36
Figure 36. Aircraft drawing.......................................................................................................................................................................37
Figure 37. Aircraft drawing.......................................................................................................................................................................38
Figure 38. Performance chart....................................................................................................................................................................39
Figure 39. Electric wire chart....................................................................................................................................................................40
Figure 40. Cable tension chart...................................................................................................................................................................41
Figure 41. Performance chart....................................................................................................................................................................42
Figure 42. Aircraft hardware.....................................................................................................................................................................43

Figure 43. Aircraft hardware.....................................................................................................................................................................44

Figure 44. Welds.........................................................................................................................................................................................45
Figure 45. Welds.........................................................................................................................................................................................46
Figure 46. Precision measurement.............................................................................................................................................................47
Figure 47. Precision measurement.............................................................................................................................................................48
Figure 48. Precision measurement.............................................................................................................................................................49
Figure 49. Precision measurement.............................................................................................................................................................50
Figure 50. Marshalling signals..................................................................................................................................................................51
Figure 51. Marshalling signals..................................................................................................................................................................52
Figure 52. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................53
Figure 53. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................54
Figure 54. Trapezoid area..........................................................................................................................................................................55
Figure 55. Trapezoid area..........................................................................................................................................................................56
Figure 56. Trapezoid area..........................................................................................................................................................................57
Figure 57. Trapezoid area..........................................................................................................................................................................58
Figure 58. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................59
Figure 59. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................60
Figure 60. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................61
Figure 61. Physics......................................................................................................................................................................................62
Figure 62A. Maintenance data - part 1 of 3...............................................................................................................................................63
Figure 62B. Maintenance data - part 2 of 3...............................................................................................................................................64
Figure 62C. Maintenance data - part 3 of 3...............................................................................................................................................65
Figure 63. Airworthiness directive excerpt................................................................................................................................................66
Figure 64. Resistance total.........................................................................................................................................................................67
Figure 65. Scientific notation.....................................................................................................................................................................68
Figure 66. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................69
Figure 67. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................70
Figure 68. Alternative answer....................................................................................................................................................................71
Figure 69. Equation....................................................................................................................................................................................72
Figure 70. Alternative answer....................................................................................................................................................................73
Figure 71. Volume of a sphere...................................................................................................................................................................74

Appendix 2 - Aviation Mechanic Powerplant

Figure 1. Airworthiness directive excerpt....................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Fire extinguisher pressure chart...................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3. Fire extinguisher oressure chart...................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4. Electric wire chart........................................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5. Starter-generator circuit...............................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6. Fuel/air ratio graphs....................................................................................................................................................................7
Figure 7. Fuel system...................................................................................................................................................................................8

Appendix 3 - Aviation Mechanic Airframe

Figure 1. Rivets.............................................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Countersinking..............................................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3. Grip length....................................................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4. Bending sheet metal......................................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5. Sheet metal layout.........................................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6. Sheet metal layout.........................................................................................................................................................................7
Figure 7. Sheet metal layout.........................................................................................................................................................................8
Figure 8. Control cable................................................................................................................................................................................9

vi

Figure 9. Cable tension chart.....................................................................................................................................................................10

Figure 10. Torque value.............................................................................................................................................................................11
Figure 11. Fittings......................................................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 12. Backup rings.............................................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 13. Cooling system..........................................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 14. Pressure temperature correction chart.....................................................................................................................................15
Figure 15. Formula....................................................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 16. Antennas....................................................................................................................................................................................17
Figure 17. Fuel system...............................................................................................................................................................................18
Figure 18. Battery connections...................................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 19. Landing gear circuit.................................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 20. Landing gear circuit.................................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 21. Fire extinguisher chart.............................................................................................................................................................22
Figure 22. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................23
Figure 23. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................24
Figure 24. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................25
Figure 25. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................26
Figure 26. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................27
Figure 27. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................28
Figure 28. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................29
Figure 29. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 30. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................31
Figure 31. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................32
Figure 32. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................33
Figure 33. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................34
Figure 34. Antenna.....................................................................................................................................................................................35

Appendix 4 - Parachute Rigger

Figure 1. Tacking knot..................................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Parachute material.......................................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3. Seam stitching...............................................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4. Suspension line attachment...........................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5. Suspension lines............................................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6. Fittings..........................................................................................................................................................................................7
Figure 7. Radial seam stitching....................................................................................................................................................................8
Figure 8. Lift web stitching...........................................................................................................................................................................9
Figure 9. Knots...........................................................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 10. Machine stitching......................................................................................................................................................................11
Figure 11. French fell seam........................................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 12. English fell seam.......................................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 13. Machine stitching......................................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 14. Machine stitching......................................................................................................................................................................15
Figure 15. Machine stitching......................................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 16. Hardware threading.................................................................................................................................................................17

vii

viii

1
CT= 1/C + 1/C + 1/C ...
1
2
3
Figure 1. Equation.

1
CT= 1/C + 1/C + 1/C
1
2
3
Figure 2. Equation.

1
LT= 1/L + 1/L + 1/L ...
1
2
3
Figure 3. Equation.

23A

Figure 4. Circuit diagram.

Z = R2+(XLXC)2
Z =
R =
XL =
XC =

Impedance
Resistance
Inductive reactance
Capacitive reactance

Figure 5. Formula.

Figure 6. Circuit diagram.

R5 = 6 ohms

R3 = 6 ohms

R2 = 6 ohms

R1 = 12 ohms

R4 = 6 ohms

Disconnected

R1

R2

R3

40

40

40

Break

Figure 7. Circuit diagram.

R1

R2

R3

20

20

20

Break

Figure 8. Circuit diagram.

+
V

V
+

Figure 9. Circuit diagram.

10

1.5V

1.5V

1.5V

1.5V

Figure 10. Battery circuit.

11

E
D

Figure 11. Circuit diagram.

12

R3 = 40 ohms

R1 = 8 ohms

24V

R2 = 10 ohms

R2 =12 ohms

1
1/Rb + 1/R3

Rc =

R3 = 4 ohms

Rb =Ra + R2
24V

Rt = Rc + R1
Figure 12. Circuit diagram.

13

R5 = 6 ohms

R1 =18 ohms

R4 = 12 ohms

1
1/R
+
1/R
Ra =
4
5

I1

Et
12V

It

I2

60

30

R1

R2

Figure 13. Circuit diagram.

14

I3

15

R3

R1 =5

Et = 36V

R2 =4

R3 =6

R5 =10

Figure 14. Circuit diagram.

15

R4 =12

Gear switch

Up
#1

#13
Relay

Motor

Down

#14
#15

Gear safety switch

#2

Down limit
switch

#11

Up limit
switch

#12
#16

5
#6

#10
Throttle switches (closed position)
#8
#7
#18 Red
Nose gear
down switch
#5
#4
Left gear
Right gear
down switch
down switch

Figure 15. Landing gear circuit.

16

#17

#19

NAV. switch bypass relay

#3

BUS

20

Horn

Green

NOTE: Switches shown

gear down - on the ground

Drawing shown without electrical power to bus

BUS 24 VDC

All relays spring

loaded to position
shown

Fuel selector switch

4 Norm
1 X-feed

RH tank
2

Pump
X-feed
closed

14

Relay
TCO

Relay TCC

15

16

Tank
X-feed
closed

Fuel pressure
cross feed
valve open

LTS
relay
7

Fuel tank
cross feed
valve open

Caution warning
lights in cockpit

RTS relay
9

11

Close

18

17

10

FCF relay
Fuel press
X-feed valve

13

Tank
X-feed
open

Relay PCC

LH tank

Pump
X-feed
open

Relay
PCO

C D

D C

12

Fuel tank
X-feed valve

Open

Figure 16. Fuel system circuit.

17

FCF
A

19

Open

B
20

Close

5
6

4
3

9
10

+
G

11

Figure 17. Electrical symbols.

18

28 V DC
#13

#1

#8

#12

#7
Warning horn
#9
Throttle switch (open)
#2

Neutral

#6
#5

Down

#4 Down

#11
Right gear switch

#3
#14

#10

Left gear switch

Figure 18. Landing gear circuit.

19

Control
valve switch

28 V DC
#1
R

#2
#3

#9

Test

#10
Warning horn

#8
Neutral
#4

Control
valve
switch #7

Down
#12

Down
Right gear switch

#11

#13

#5

Left gear switch

#6

Figure 19. Landing gear circuit.

20

Throttle switches

Open

Figure 20. Circuit diagram.

21

Figure 21. Electrical symbols.

22

Current flow
Emitter
Collector

Current flow

Emitter

+
Collector

+
Base

Base

Current flow
Emitter
Collector

Base
3

Figure 22. Transistors.

23

Emitter
Base

Collector
Up
position
Down
position

Figure 23. Transistorized circuit.

24

12V
R2
R1

Inputs

Output

Figure 24. Logic gate.

25

Inputs

Output

Figure 25. Logic gate.

26

1
1

Inputs

Output

Inputs

Output
2

0
0
1
Inputs

Output
3

Figure 26. Logic gate.

27

Figure 27. Object views.

28

Front view

Figure 28. Object views.

29

Front view

Figure 29. Object views.

30

Front view

Figure 30. Object views.

31

1"
2

1"
2

1"
2

1"
12

3"
4
3"

Figure 31. Sketches.

32

Figure 32. Sketches.

33

Figure 33. Material symbols.

34

1/16 R.

+.005
.3125.000 DIA.

1/16x45

7/8 DIA.

3/32
1 3/4
1/2 DIA.

7/8

.221.003
15/32

.665.001 DIA.

19/32

19/64

.110.001
12/32 R. Spherical
1/16 R.

Figure 34. Aircraft drawing.

35

1
3

0.25

Paint stripe

Figure 35. Aircraft drawing.

36

"

Notes:
1. Drill 31/64 inch ream inch.
2. All tolerances 1/32 unless
otherwise specified.
3. Finish all over 25

"

Note 1.

Note 1.
E

B
D

"
1"

"
1"

"

"

+1/64"
17" 3/64"
H

Figure 36. Aircraft drawing.

37

3
8
15
64 Drill

7
8

4 Holes
1
3 16

11
16

7
8

1
8
1
2 Drill

Figure 37. Aircraft drawing.

38

21
2 32

Brake - Horsepower (BHP)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000
00

00
28
00
26
00
24 0
0
22
00
20
00
18
00
16

40
18
20 30
00

13

985

30

0
80

CI

140

120
eed
e sp

1000

RPM

in

Eng

0
CID = Cubic inch displacement

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)

Figure 38. Performance chart.

39

225

250

275

Circuit Voltage

Wire length in feet for allowable voltage drop

115

14

28

800

200

100

200

600

75

150

400

700

50

100

360

630

45

90

320

560

40

80

280

490

35

70

240

420

30

60

200

350

25

50

160

280

20

40

120

210

15

30

100

175

12

25

80

140

10

20

72

120

18

64

112

16

56

98

14

48

84

12

40

70

10

36

63

32

56

28

49

24

42

20
4

Electric Wire Chart

20

18 16

14

12

10

1.

6 7 8 9 10

15

35

.5

20

30

0 5 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 10 12 155
170
20
0
30
0
40

ve 1

Cur

ve 2
Cur
e3
v
Cur

Curves:
1. Continous rating-amperes cables
in conduit and bundles
2. Continous rating-amperes single
cable in free-air
3. Intermittent rating-amperes
maximum of 2 minutes.

7
6

2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

Amperes
1

8
3

20

18 16

14

12

10

8
Wire Size

Voltage Drop

Figure 39. Electric wire chart.

40

2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

Values Include 10 Percent Structural Deflection

340

n
sig
De

d
oa
gl
t ri
i
lim

320
300
280
260
240
200
180

Cable sizes
1/4 7x19
3/16 7x19
5/32 7x19
1/8 7x19
3/32 7x7
1/16 7x7

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

65 60 50 40 30 20 10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

Figure 40. Cable tension chart.

41

Rigging load in pounds

220

Normal rated power

180
170

Full throttle power

160
150

Brake Horsepower

140
Propeller load horsepower

130
120
110
100
90

Full throttle spec. fuel cons

70

.55

60

.50

50

.45
Propeller load spec. fuel cons.

1800

2000

2200

2400
Engine Speed - RPM

Figure 41. Performance chart.

42

2600

2800

Specific fuel cons

LB/BHP/HR

.60

80

Figure 42. Aircraft hardware.

43

Figure 43. Aircraft hardware.

44

Figure 44. Welds.

45

E
F

Figure 45. Welds.

46

765

20

4 32 1 0

0 1

15

2
10

Figure 46. Precision measurement.

47

2
4

10

15

1
Inch
1000
Figure 47. Precision measurement.

48

20

25

15
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

10

0 1 2 3

20

Figure 48. Precision measurement.

49

15

765

4 32 1 0

0 1

10

2
5

Figure 49. Precision measurement.

50

Figure 50. Marshalling signals.

51

Figure 51. Marshalling signals.

52

((4)0+6+(4 1296)(3)2=
Figure 52. Equation.

53

31 + 43
=
2
(17)
Figure 53. Equation.

54

9'

5'

12'

Figure 54. Trapezoid area.

55

3"

7.5

"

4"
Figure 55. Trapezoid area.

56

4'

2'

6'

Figure 56. Trapezoid area.

57

Figure 57. Trapezoid area.

58

-2

(-35 + 25) (-7) + () (16 )

=
25
Figure 58. Equation.

59

-4 125
=
-6 -36
Figure 59. Equation.

60

-3

(-5+23)(-2)+(3 )(64)=
-279
Figure 60. Equation.

61

60 POUNDS
Figure 61. Physics.

62

63

MATL THKNESS

4
8
4
5
37
2

BY Date Appr.

Figure 62. Maintenance data - part 1 of 3.

The use of this document shall be restricted

to conveyance of information to customers of
vendors only. Neither classified nor unclassified
documents may be reproduced without the
written consent of
THE SPEEDWIND AIRCRAFT CORP.

LET. CHANGE

ADD-200

REQd. PER ASSEM.

Area 1

-200

4
8
4
5
37
2
1

-100

Rivet
Rivet
Domed Nutplate
Rivet
Rivet
Clip
Doubler
Doubler
.040
sheet
.040
sheet
.040
sheet
stock
size

2024-T3
CLAD AL.
MATL
DESCR

7075-0 AL.

2024-T3
CLAD AL.

REV.

-200 36TCP 001-All

-200 36P
088-All
-200 36P
001-087
Type
EFF
A/C
Speedwind aircraft
engineering section last
chance airport anytown
OK 73125-1234

Break all sharp edges

No. req.
per
Scale full
Airplane
992-148-XXX

1
1
1

R. Eamer

DESIGN

DFTSMIN.

DWG.
Checker

S. Linz

I. Wright

Engineer
FAA D.E.R G. Winn

T. Smith

PROJECT

MATL
Zone
NAME
SPEC.
DASH NUMBERS SHOWN DASH NUMBERS OPPOSITE UNIT WT. DWG. AREA
All
N/A
FIRST
RELEASE
For continuation see zone
Unless otherwise noted

MS20470AD-4-4
NAS1097-3-4
NAS1473-3A
NAS1097-4-5
NAS1097-4-4
-103
-102
-101
Part number

AREA 2
GENERAL NOTES - 100
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ALL BENDS +/ .5 deg.

All holes +/ .003.
Apply Alodine 1,000.
Prime with MIL-P-23377 or equivalent.
Trim S-1 C just aft of the clip at STA. 355.750 and forward of the front face of the STA. 370.25 frame and remove from the
airplane.
6. Position the 101 doubler as shown. Install wet with NAS1097AD-4-4 and -4-5 rivets and a faying surface seal of PR 1,422.
Pick up the rivet row that was in S-1 C and the aft rivets in sta. 370.25. Tie doubler into front frame with clips as shown using
MS20470AD-4-4 rivets through the clips and the frame.
7. Install 4 NAS1473-3A nutplates with NAS1097-3-4 rivets through the skin and doubler to retain the antenna.
8. Strip paint and primer from under the antenna footprint.
9. Treat skin with Alodine 1,000.
10. Install antenna and apply weather seal fillet around antenna base.
AREA 3
GENERAL NOTES - 200

Note:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

P.S. = Process Specification

IAW = in accordance with

ALL BENDS IAW P.S. 1,000.

All holes IAW P.S. 1,015.
Heat treat 102 to T6 IAW P.S. 5,602.
Alodine IAW P.S. 10,000.
Prime IAW P.S. 10,125.
Trim S-1 C just aft of the clip at STA. 355.750 and forward of the front face of the STA. 370.25 frame and remove from airplane.
Position the 102 doubler as shown. Install wet with NAS1097AD-4-4 and -4-5 rivets, and a faying surface seal IAW P.S.
41,255. Pick up the rivet row that was S-1 C and the aft rivets in STA. 370.25. Add two edge rows as shown. Tie doubler into
front frame with clips as shown using MS20470AD-4-4 rivets through the clips and the frame.
8. Install 4 NAS1473-3A nutplates with NAS 1097-3-4 rivets through the skin and doubler to retain the antenna.
9. Strip paint and primer from under the antenna footprint.
10. Treat skin IAW P.S. 10,000.
11. Install antenna and apply weather seal fillet around antenna base.

Figure 62A. Maintenance data - part 2 of 3.

64

Figure 62B. Maintenance data - part 3 of 3.

65

0.50

Station
355.750

View looking up

101,102

14.25

Size this area as required to clear S-1C.

2.40

0.6250

0.1875 4PL

R-3T min.

3.70
2.30

4.980
3.00

Joggle as necessary

Area 4

2.0
1.0
103
Trim as reqd for instl

Station
370.250

Centerline
Stringer
1 Center
(S-1C)

4.50

1.0

R-3T min.

The following is the compliance portion of an Airworthiness Directive.

Compliance required as indicated, unless already accomplished:
I.

Aircraft with less than 500 hours total time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below at 500 hours total
time, or within the next 50 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200
hours in service.

II. Aircraft with 500 hours through 1,000 hours total time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below within the
next 50 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200 hours in service.
III. Aircraft with more than 1,000 hours time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below within the next 25 hours
time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200 hours in service.

Figure 63. Airworthiness directive excerpt.

66

Rt = E2/P
Figure 64. Resistance total.

67

1. 3.47 104 = 34,700.

2. 2(410) = 2,097,152.
Figure 65. Scientific notation.

68

4 + 6 + 10 (1296) =
3

Figure 66. Equation.

69

31 + 43
=
2
(17)
Figure 67. Equation.

70

1. (4.631)5
2. 4.631 105
3. 4.631 10-5
Figure 68. Alternative answer.

71

(100 + 36 16) =
Figure 69. Equation.

72

1. (31) + (43) 172

2. (31) + 43) 172
3. (31) + (43) 172
Figure 70. Alternative answer.

73

V= 1/6D3
Figure 71. Volume of a sphere.

74

This is the compliance portion of an FAA Airworthiness Directive.

Compliance required as indicated:
(A) For model O-690 series engines, serial Nos. 101-40 through 5264-40 and IO-690 series engines, serial Nos. 101-48
through 423-48, compliance with (C) required within 25 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD and every
100 hours time in service thereafter.
(B) For model O-690 series engines, serial Nos. 5265-40 through 6129-40 and IO-690 series engines, serial Nos. 424-48
through 551-48, compliances with (C) required as follows.
(1) Within 25 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD and every 100 hours time in service thereafter for
engines with more than 275 hours time in service on the effective date of this AD.
(2) Prior to the accumulation of 300 hours total time in service and every 100 hours time in service thereafter for engines
with 275 hours or less time in service on the effective date of this AD.
(C) Inspect the oil pump drive shaft (P/N 67512) on applicable engines in accordance with instructions contained in Connin
Service Bulletin No. 295. Any shafts which are found to be damaged shall be replaced before futher flight. These
inspections shall be continued until Connin P/N 67512 (redesigned) or P/N 74641 oil pump drive shaft is installed at which
time the inspections may be discontinued.

Figure 1. Airworthiness directive excerpt.

Container Pressure Versus Temperature

Temperature F
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Container Pressure (PSIG)

Minimum
60
83
105
125
145
167
188
209
230
255
284
319
356
395
438

Figure 2. Fire extinguisher pressure chart.

Maximum
145
165
188
210
230
252
275
295
317
342
370
405
443
483
523

900
800

Maximum Gauge Reading

Pressure (PSIG)

700
600
500
400
300
Minimum Gauge Reading
200
100
0
-40

-30

-20

-10

10

20

30

40

Temperature (F)

Figure 3. Fire extinguisher pressure chart.

50

60

70

80

90

50

700
630
560
490
420
350
280
210
175
140
120
112
98
84
70
63
56
49
42
35
7

400

360

320

280

240

200

160

120

100

80

72

64

56

48

40

36

32

28

24

20

Voltage Drop

.5

10

12

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

75

600

14
100

200

800

115

Circuit Voltage

Figure 4. Electric wire chart.

Wire length in feet for allowable voltage drop

10

12

14

16

18

20

25

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

150

200

28

20

20
1

18 16

1.

18 16
2

14

14
3
5

12

ve 2
Cur
ve 3
Cur

ve 1

Cur

12

10

Wire Size

6 7 8 9 10

Amperes

10

15

Electric Wire Chart

30

2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

0
30
0
40

0 5 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 10 12 15 5
170
20

2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

Curves:
1. Continous rating-amperes cables
in conduit and bundles
2. Continous rating-amperes single
cable in free-air
3. Intermittent rating-amperes
maximum of 2 minutes.

20

Battery
relay

Battery
switch

Power lever
lock release

21

Off

23

Off

On

Off

Cutoff

33

22

24

29

14

15

11

25

26

Ignition
relay

Starter relay

27

28

30

32

Starter generator

Ignition exciters

To generator control

(Shown with external

power not connected)

Undercurrent relay

18

To ext. power receptacle

Off

10

Power lever
relay lock

Power lever relay

19

To fuel
solenoid
valve

To fuel
heater

31

On

Ignition switch

To fuel pump

Advance

12

On

On

Test switch

Stop

Power lever
switch

13

On

Start switch
Start

External power
receptacle switch

20

17

Engine master switch

Figure 5. Starter-generator circuit.

Fuel pump
switch

18

Emergency stop relay

Lean

Lean
Idle

RPM

Full Throttle

Idle

RPM

Full Throttle

Idle

RPM

Full Throttle

Rich

Mixture

Rich

Mixture

Lean

Mixture

Rich

Mixture

Rich

Lean
Idle

RPM

Full Throttle

Figure 6. Fuel/air ratio graphs.

Figure 7. Fuel system.

LH shut-off valve

Check valve

To left engine

Boost pump sump

Flapper valve

Left fuel tank

LH boost pump

Fuel transfer ejector

FWD top view

Pump crossfeed valve

Tank crossfeed valve

To right engine

RH shut-off valve

Check valve

Boost pump sump

Right fuel tank

RH boost pump

Fuel transfer ejector

80
50

130

Figure 1. Rivets.

Figure 2. Countersinking.

Figure 3. Grip length.

Flat B

3"

Setback = R+T
Bend allowance = 2 (R + T)
4
3/16" R.
0.0625
Flat A
4"

Figure 4. Bending sheet metal.

Flat B

3"

Setback = R+T
Bend allowance = 2 (R + T)
4
" R.
0.062
Flat A
4"

Figure 5. Sheet metal layout.

Setback = R + T
Bend allowance = 2 (R + T)
4

0.064

1"
3/16" R

90

1"

2"

Figure 6. Sheet metal layout.

0.040"

Bent up 60

1/8" R.

Bent up 45
2"

1"

3"

Bend up 60

Bend up 45

C
F

Figure 7. Sheet metal layout.

Figure 8. Control cable.

All Cable Tension Readings Have a Tolerance of 10 Percent

160

150

140

3/16 x 19

130

Cable Tension in Pounds

120

110

100

5/32 x 19
90

80

70

60

20

40

60
Outside Air Temperature F

Figure 9. Cable tension chart.

10

80

100

120

11

Figure 10. Torque value.

Ta

Tw

90

A = 2"
L = 18"
Ta = 320 in-lb
F=

Figure 11. Fittings.

12

3
Figure 12. Backup rings.

13

Low pressure vapor

High pressure vapor

Thermobulb

Low pressure liquid

High pressure liquid

Expansion valve

Cold Air

V-belt

Motor
Sight glass

Hot air (overboard)

Liquid receiver dehydrator

Figure 13. Cooling system.

14

Compressor

50

27.8

40

22.2

30

16.7

20

11.1

10

5.5

0
0

10

20

30

40

Change in Pressure - PSI

Correction of pressure during leakage test for change in temperature. Add pressure
change if temperature rises. Subtract pressure change if temperature falls.

Figure 14. Pressure temperature correction chart.

15

Change in Temperature C

Change in Temperature F

Pressure Temperature Correction Chart

D=.000327AV
Figure 15. Formula.

16

Figure 16. Antennas.

17

Fuel transfer ejector

Fuel transfer ejector

LH boost pump

RH boost pump

Left fuel tank

Right fuel tank

Flapper valve

Tank crossfeed valve

Boost pump sump

Boost pump sump

Check valve

Check valve

LH shut-off valve

RH shut-off valve
Pump crossfeed valve
To left engine

To right engine
FWD top view

Figure 17. Fuel system.

18

Figure 18. Battery connections.

19

Gear switch

Up
#1

#13
Relay

Motor

Down

#14

#15

Gear safety switch

#2

Down limit
switch

#11

Up limit
switch

#12
#16

5
#6

#10
Throttle switches (closed position)
#8
#7
#18 Red
Nose gear
down switch
#5
#4
Left gear
Right gear
down switch
down switch

Figure 19. Landing gear circuit.

20

#17

#19

NAV. switch bypass relay

#3

BUS

20

Horn

Green

NOTE: Switches shown

gear down - on the ground

24 V DC

Left engine throttle switch

Gear
warning
flasher
Right engine throttle switch

Gear
warning
visual

Gear down and locked indicator lights

Left

Nose

Right

G
G

Nose gear switch

Left
gear
switch

Nose
gear
switch

Right
gear
switch

Gear full
retracted
indicator
system

Left gear switch

Right gear switch

Figure 20. Landing gear circuit.

21

Container Pressure Versus Temperature

Temperature F
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Container Pressure (PSIG)

Minimum
60
83
105
125
145
167
188
209
230
255
284
319
356
395
438

Figure 21. Fire extinguisher chart.

22

Maximum
145
165
188
210
230
252
275
295
317
342
370
405
443
483
523

Figure 22. Antenna.

23

Figure 23. Antenna.

24

Figure 24. Antenna.

25

Figure 25. Antenna.

26

Figure 26. Antenna.

27

Figure 27. Antenna.

28

Figure 28. Antenna.

29

Figure 29. Antenna.

30

Figure 30. Antenna.

31

Figure 31. Antenna.

32

Figure 32. Antenna.

33

Figure 33. Antenna.

34

Figure 34. Antenna.

35

36

Figure 1. Tacking knot.

A
Figure 2. Parachute material.

Stitching

Stitching

Figure 3. Seam stitching.

Stitching

Figure 4. Suspension line attachment.

18 17 16 15 14 13
6

9 10 11 12

3 11 1

4 10 2 12

24 23 22 21 20 19
12 11 10 9

24 23 22 21 20 19
13 14 15 16 17 18

24 14 22 16 20 18
13 23 15 21 17 19

Figure 5. Suspension lines.

Figure 6. Fittings.

Stitching

Stitching

Figure 7. Radial seam stitching.

Stitching

Figure 8. Lift web stitching.

2
1

Figure 9. Knots.

10

Sewing Machine Table

Figure 10. Machine stitching.

11

1/4" - 3/8"

Figure 11. French fell seam.

12

1/4" - 3/8"

Figure 12. English fell seam.

13

Sewing Machine Table

Figure 13. Machine stitching.

14

Sewing Machine Table

Figure 14. Machine stitching.

15

Sewing Machine Table

Figure 15. Machine stitching.

16

Figure 16. Hardware threading.

17

18