The effect of social networking sites on academic

performances of college students at Arellano

University Pasig

Submitted by:
Maria Belarmin yaco
Johnvel Tabernilla
Ivy rivera
Rainamil de leon
Ruth deloy

Abstract
1

Title: the effect of social networking sites on

academic performances of college students at
Arellano University Pasig City

Researchers:
Maria Belarmin yaco
Johnvel Tabernilla
Ivy rivera
Rainamil de leon
Ruth deloy
School: Arellano University Pasig City
School year: 2013-2014
Adviser: Prof. Abegail Alamillo
This study sought to look into the effect of social networking
sites on academic performances of college students at Arellano
University Pasig City
Specially, the study answered the profil of the respondents in
terms of name, age, gender and year level.

The locale of the study was limited to the college students of Arellano
University Pasig City.

Summary:
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
37 percent of the respondents are female and the remaining 63
percent are males. 57 percent are within the age range of 16 to
19 years old, 40 percent are within the age bracket of 20 to 23
years old and the remaining 3 percent are currently within the
age bracket of 24 to 28 years old. 43 percent are currently in
3rd year college, followed by 33 percent of 1st year college
students, and then 17 percent are currently 2 nd year students
and the remaining 7 percent are 4th year college students
2. Effects of social networking sites
The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean
of 4.37 which is greater than the mean of effects on academic
performance as it scored lower at 4.36.

Conclusion:

1. Majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 196

to 19 years of age. The dominant genders of the respondents
are male and most Year Level of the respondents is in 3rd Year.
2. The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean
of 4.37 which is greater than the mean of effects on academic
performance as it scored lower at 4.36.

Recommendation:
1. Since social networking sites are now the most influenced on
the students in terms of different aspects, the researchers
recommend that the students should have the proper time
management to maintain the proper balance on school and
build a good relationship with others.
2. Since the academic performances of the students is one of the
affected aspects of spending a lot of time on social networking
sites, students should use it in a useful way such as reading
informative blogs and posts which is credited or validated with
professionals, and also reading a useful information posted by
known group or organization.

Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their gratefulness and

gratitude to those who have shown their support, help, contribution
and encouragement. The researchers would like to give thanks and
appreciation to the following:
To our dearest guardians , for supporting us all the way so we
can finish the study.
To our adviser, Prof. Abegail Alamillo , who generously listened
to our endless questions.
To our friends Marifat and Jess for letting us stay overnight on
their apartment ,helping us edit every mistake on our research
papers, and giving and enhance our ideas to make this paper a
better one

Table of Contents
Page
5

Title page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Problem and its Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.12

Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

Theoretical framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

Scope and limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

Chapter2 studies and literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

Foreign literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

Foreign studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

Local literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

Local studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

Chapter3 reseach mothopdology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39
6

Sampling Technique and Number of Respondents . . . . . .

39

Research Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40

Statistical Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Table 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of Respondents

Table 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Gender of the

Respondents
Table 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Year Level of the

Respondents
Table 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano
University on
Social aspect
Table 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano

50

University on academic performances

Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53
7

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54

Recommendation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In our present generation, social networking sites are the
fastest and easiest way to connect or to communicate other people
whether they are near or far from you. By these sites you can post
8

anything you want such as photos, videos, and words that you cant
tell personally and you want the word to know. Social networking
sites such as facebook, twitter and thumblr are very useful to the
youth because they will be updated on what is happening to our
country and even to the world. One of the advantages of these sites
is that, you can upgrade your mind and knowledge by reading
informative and useful blogs posted by others. Social networking
sites is not just for connecting people, its also have different
addictive application that the youths might spend their time instead
of doing some important things like homeworks, school projects and
studying their lesson. These sites are very useful for the people with
low self-esteem, they using these sites to make friends, and also for
dating. On the other hand, these sites have a serious disadvantage.
Cyberbullying already exists in our generation; it has negative effects
to the teens and children especially to those people with low selfesteem. It has an effect to the performance of the victims in the
school performances, it can also affect to social development of the
victim especially when it comes to making
1
friends with others because they might think that people around
them hates them, and the worst is, victim might commit suicide due
to severe depression.

A social networking site is a platform to build social networks or

social relations among people who, for example, share interest,
activities, backgrounds, real life connections. A social network service
consists of a representation of each user (often profile) his/her social
links, and the variety of additional services. Most social network
services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over
the internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online
community services are sometimes considered as a social network
service though in a broader sense, social network service usually
means an individual centered service where as online community
services are group centered. Social networking sites allow users to
share ideas, pictures, post, activities, events, and interest with
people in their network.
The main types of social networking services are those that
contain category places (such as former school year or classmates) ,
means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages),
and a recommendation link to trust. Popular methods now combine
many of this, with American based services such as facebook,
google+, tumblr and twitter widely used worldwide.
Facebook is an online social networking service. Its name stems
from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start
of the academic year by some American university administration to
help students to get to
10

2
know each other. Facebook was founded in February 2004 by Mark
Zuckerberg
with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students
Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris
Hughes.
Facebook is one of the most famous sites today. You can post
there anything you want such as images, videos, and blogs. The
majority of the member who registered to this site are teens and
children. It can help them to improve their mind by watching useful
videos and reading informative blogs, but somehow, it also negative
effect to them because of some videos that they may watch are
unhealthy such as violence and pornography.
This study aimed to discover the effect of social networking
sites to college students of Arellano University Pasig, especially to
the academic performances of the student.

11

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effects of social networking
sites on Arellano University college students.
Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following
questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents according
to:
1.1Age
1.2Gender
2. What are the effects of social networking sites to Arellano
University College students terms of the following aspects:
2.1Social aspects
2.2Academic performances

Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the effects of
academic performances of college students of Arellano University
Pasig when it comes to social networking site

12

Significance of the Study

The study is significant because it attempts to determine the
effects of social networking site on academic performances of college
students at Arellano University Pasig. The results of the study may
provide them insights on how social networking affects there
academic performances. This is important for college students who
are constantly using social networking sites.

Theoretical Framework
Social cognitive theory, used in psychology, education, and
communication, posits that portions of an individual's knowledge
acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the
context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media
influences. In other words, people do not learn new behaviors solely
by trying them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the
survival of humanity is dependent upon the replication of the actions
of others. Depending on whether people are rewarded or punished
for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, that behavior
may be modeled. Further, media provide models for a vast array of
people in many different environmental settings.

13

The theoretical basis for this study is the Henry Tajfels social
identity theory, social perception theory and Leaon festingers
theory of cognitive dissonance. The social identity theory introduced
the concept of a social identity as a way in which to
explain intergroup behavior.
Social identity theory is best described as a theory that
predicts certain intergroup behaviors on the basis of perceived
group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of
those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one
group to another. This contrasts with occasions where the term social
identity theory is used to refer to general theorizing about human
social. Moreover, and although some researchers have treated it as
such, social identity theory was never intended to be a general
theory of social categorization. It was awareness of the limited scope
of social identity theory that led John Turner and colleagues to
develop

cousin

theory

in

the

form

of self-categorization

theory, which built on the insights of social identity theory to produce

a more general account of self and group processes. The term social
identity approach, or social identity perspective, is suggested for
describing the joint contributions of both social identity theory and
self-categorization theory.

14

Social perception is that part of perception that allows people

to understand the other people in their social world. This sort of
perception is defined as a social cognition which is the ability of the
brain to store and process information. Social perception allows
individuals to make judgments and impressions about other people.
It is primarily based on observation, although pre-existing knowledge
influences how we perceive an observation.
Social perception gives individuals the tools to recognize how
others affect their personal lives. They help individuals to form
impressions of others by providing the necessary information about
how people usually behave across situations. One proposal to explain
how social perceptions provides information needed for impression
formation is by approaching the behavior with an implicit personality
theory outlook. Implicit personality theories state that if an individual
observes certain traits in another person, s/he tends to assume that
his or her other personality traits are concurrent with the initial trait.
These assumptions help us to make quick judgments about the
character of an individual. It also helps us to "categorize" people so
that we can infer additional information about them and predict their
behavior.
Social perception refers to the initial stages in which people
process information in order to determine another individual's mind15

set and intentions. It is combined with the cognitive ability to pay

attention to and interpret a range of different social factors that may
include: verbal messages, tone, non-verbal behavior, and knowledge
of social relationships and an understanding of social goals. Social
perception is a key component of social interaction and social skills. A
key aspect of social interaction is the process of figuring out what
others are thinking and feeling which is also referred to as Theory of
Mind (ToM).
Another theory is the cognitive dissonance is the discomfort
experienced when simultaneously holding two or more
conflicting cognitions: ideas, beliefs, values or emotional reactions. In
a state of dissonance, people may sometimes feel "disequilibrium":
frustration, hunger, dread, guilt, anger, embarrassment, anxiety,
etc. The phrase was coined by Leon Festinger in his 1956 book When
Prophecy Fails, which chronicled the followers of a UFO cult as reality
clashed with their fervent belief in an impending
apocalypse. Festinger subsequently (1957) published a book called A
Theory of Cognitive Dissonance in which he outlines the theory.
Cognitive dissonance is one of the most influential and extensively
studied theories in social psychology.
The

theory

of

cognitive

dissonance

in social

psychology proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce

16

dissonance by altering existing cognitions, adding new ones to create

a

consistent

importance

of

belief
any

system,

or

one

the

of

alternatively
dissonant

by

reducing

the

elements. Cognitive

dissonance is the distressing mental state that people feel when they
"find themselves doing things that don't fit with what they
know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they
hold." A key assumption is that people want their expectations to
meet reality, creating a sense of equilibrium. Likewise, another
assumption is that a person will avoid situations or information
sources that give rise to feelings of uneasiness, or dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance theory explains human behavior by
positing that people have a bias to seek consonance between their
expectations and reality. According to Festinger, people engage in a
process he termed "dissonance reduction," which can be achieved in
one of three ways: lowering the importance of one of the discordant
factors, adding consonant elements, or changing one of the
dissonant factors. This bias sheds light on otherwise puzzling,
irrational, and even destructive behavior.

17

Scope and Limitations

The study limits itself on the study of effect of social
networking sites on academic performance of college students of
Arellano University Pasig.the study attempts to determines on how
frequent do respondents use social networking sites. The data
gathered and presented in the study are limited from those obtained
from selected fifty college students.

Definition of Terms
18

For clarification and appreciation of the present study, the

following terms are defined.
Academic performances generally refers to how well a
student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies, but there
are quite a number of factors that determine the level and
quality of students' academic performance.
Social networking sites is a platform to build social networks
or social relations among people who, for example, share
interest, activities, backgrounds, real life connections. A social
network service consists of a representation of each user (often
profile) his/her social links, and the variety of additional
services.
College students a person formally engaged in learning,
especially are enrolled in a school or college.
Effect is something that is produced by an agency or cause,
result, consequence.
Behavior is the actions by which a person adjusts to his
environment.
Social role is a defined pattern of behavior that is expected of
person in a given setting or group.
19

Cyberbullying is blustering, quarrelsome, overbearing person

who habitually badgers and intimidates smaller or weaker
people though online.

Chapter 2
STUDIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Foreign literature

20

Barnes (1954) indicates that Social Network Theory views

social relationships in terms of nodes and ties. Social Network is a
social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called
nodes, which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of
interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest,
financial

exchange,

likes/dislikes,

or

relationships

of

beliefs,

knowledge or prestige.
Moreover Abhyankar (2011) pointed out that from the very
beginning; human beings always associated themselves to some
form of social structure as they evolved across generations. All
human beings crave social life, but not all can have time and
resources to enjoy social circle where they can communicate,
collaborate and freely express themselves with like-minded peers for
satisfying

their

different

needs

like

security,

assets,

skills,

relationships, science and technology, events, politics, history,

literature, art, etc. There is no end to the list of fundamental
principles

that

can

drive

people

to

create

platforms

for

communication and interaction, mutually beneficial for the whole

community.
According to Abhyankar (2011), Social Network is an online
community

where

people

across

the

globe

(irrespective

of

demographic and geographical differences) can develop network with

different organizations or individuals for a specific purpose. It creates
21

chain

of

linked/connected

entities

(individuals/organizations,

communities, forums, groups etc.) like a tree with multiple branches

and nodes. These branches are
the various groups, communities, forums etc. that an individual
intends to join. Hence, a social network represents relationships
between nodes (people) and flows between the branches (groups,
communities, forums, organizations etc.)
DiMicco and Millen (2007) adds that Social network sites have
been widely studied from a consumer perspective despite huge
investment by many organizations in social technology, and a
number of high profile failures and embarrassments stemming from
their use. Of the few existing studies of social network site use in
organizations, there are a couple looking at the uses of public social
network sites (such as Facebook and LinkedIn) in an organizational
context. Skeels and Grudin 2009), and a handful more looking at uses
of private, internal sites (Brzozowski, 2009).
A social networking service is an online service, platform, or
site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or
social relations among people, who, for example, share interests
and/or activities. A social network service consists of a representation
of each user (often a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of
additional services. Most social network services are web-based and
provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail
22

and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes

considered as a social network service, though in a broader sense,
social network service usually means an individual-centered service
whereas online community services are group-centered. Social
networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and
interests within their individual networks.
Social

media

are

becoming

increasingly

popular

among

politicians and their organizations as a means to disseminate political

messages, learn about the interests and needs of constituents and
the broader public, raise funds, and build networks of support. These
activities often take place on privately run social networking sites
that allow political figures and institutions to communicate with the
public

in

unmediated,

high-profile

fora.

In

Canada,

many

parliamentarians have created accounts on popular sites such as

Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace and Flickr. The content posted on
these sites may relate to policy issues and the official work of
politicians or to aspects of their personal lives (Clark, 2010).
Some people argue that social media remove barriers to
collective action and empower citizens to influence and monitor the
work of policy-makers by offering a low-cost and, in some cases,
more personal and compelling means of raising funds, spreading
information and recruiting supporters from a broad range of
backgrounds. In addition, some note that, by enabling people to
23

connect across long distances, new information and communication

technologies, including social media, have been instrumental in the
growth of transnational political movements.
However, results of a recent Nanos poll suggest that social
mediabased political activism remains at the fringes in Canada
(Clark, 2010). According to these findings, approximately 50% of
Canadians believe that Facebook groups should have minimal to no
impact on government, and approximately 30% have a negative to
somewhat negative view of the use of Facebook groups to share
ideas and mobilize activity. At the same time, others argue that these
numbers are promising, given that the culture of
Social media activism is still at an early stage in its
development; they emphasize that, according to the same poll,
approximately 30% of Canadians held a positive or somewhat
positive view of Facebook-based campaigns.
Young people in Canada demonstrate low levels of trust and
interest in political institutions and representatives, and are less
likely to vote and join political parties than previous cohorts of young
Canadians. Because young people are avid users of social media,
these technologies are often discussed as one possible means by
which young people may become more engaged in the democratic
process. Proponents of this argument also note that young people
expect

immediacy

and

interactivity

when

communicating,

an
24

assumption that might be better accommodated by social media

tools than by the complex, bureaucratic communication channels of
many governing institutions.
The use of social networking as a public relations tool is
certainly

nothings

among

organizations.

The

velocity

and

accessibility brought by these sites when it comes to information is

truly impeccable. A lot of things may still come up in the future, but
as for now, if you want your business to get noticed, you may want to
use social media. The dawn of the Internet as an innovation in itself
has probably propelled lot of changes and advancements in a lot of
sectors. Through the websites that they put up, they are able to
inform people about their products and services in amore efficient
way. The use of electronic mail has also helped them gauge their
audiences needs and wants as well as addressing to them in a quick
way. The most recent innovation in online business would be the
usage of social media as a marketing tool. Social
Networking sites, in particular have helped organizations in terms of
their public relations with their target audiences. The invasion of
various businesses in these sites have been rampant, mainly
because of its advantages that has proven to be very effective in
increasing visibility, revenue, and influence. Read on to learn more
about the power of social media marketing.

25

Foreign Studies
Fuchs, Christian. 2009. Social Networking Sites and the
Surveillance Society. A Critical Case Study of the Usage of study,
Facebook, and MySpace by Students in Salzburg in the Context of
Electronic Surveillance. Salzburg/Vienna: Research Group UTI. ISBN
978-3-200-01428-2.

674 students from Salzburg participated in the study that was

conducted by the Theory Research Group (University of Salzburg,
ICT&S Center). 88.3% of the respondents use studiVZ, 39.5%
Facebook, 15.9% MySpace, 9.0% Xing, 7.4% Lokalisten. Each of 61
other social networking sites (SNS) is used by less than 1%. Study
author associate professor Christian Fuchs: There are indications for
a strong economic concentration in the area of social networking
sites. On the one hand concerning usage, but as a consequence on
26

the other hand also in relation to profits that are made by

advertising. 59.1% of the respondents see the maintenance of social
contacts as the biggest advantage of SNS, 55.7% say that economic
and political surveillance is the greatest risk. Fuchs: Students are
very aware of the massive collection of personal data on these
platforms; they use them nonetheless because of the expected
communicative advantages. This does not mean that they are
incautious, but that there is a structural lack of alternative platforms.
Non-commercial, non-profit SNS do not have to evaluate data for
personalized advertisements, therefore the probability of surveillance
and data abuse decreases. But such platforms are currently hardly
existent or completely unknown, therefore young people the main
usage group of social networking sites have to rely on commercial
service providers that collect, store, and evaluate personal data in
order to accumulate profits by targeted advertising. 81.8% of the
respondents have little knowledge about concrete data surveillance
in Europe (e.g. the Data Retention Directive or the Austrian Security
Police Act). But 67.4% have a critical standpoint towards surveillance.
88.7% of the studiVZ users have good or very good knowledge about
what happens with their data on the platform. The same is true for
only 35.9% of Facebook users and 22.6% of MySpace users. Fuchs:
Students are generally critical towards surveillance, but they only
have little concrete knowledge about the existing political
27

regulations. Usersrather high degree of knowledge about study and

their rather critical information behavior on this platform, contrast
with knowledge and information behavior on Facebook and MySpace.
This can be explained by the change of the terms of use that study
undertook at the beginning of 2008 and that introduced targeted
advertising. The introduction was accompanied by a self-organized
information campaign that students conducted on the platform and
public discussions that presented study as the sniffle (=Sniffle
Directory). This campaign can be interpreted as a form of fragmented
public. Its success was very limited. Nonetheless it has resulted in
the fact that many students have read the new terms of use and
have opted out of standard advertising options, which was not the
case on other platforms.
The study recommends that citizens see commercial Internet
platforms that store and evaluate personal data generally critically
and that by establishing special consumer protection websites it
could be documented in the public, which rights in dealing with
personal data such platforms obtain by their terms of use and their
privacy terms. Christian Fuchs: There are many examples for how
affected citizens try surveilling the surveillors with the help of
websites. This can pose a certain degree of protection by making use
of public information, but also has limits because the basic problem is

28

that we live in times, in which on the one hand there are strong
commercial interests in data collection and data evaluation and on
the other hand after 9/11 continuously more political steps have
been taken for creating surveillance societies. These are politicaleconomic problems, not technological ones
The expertise of the study will be part of the Europe-wide
research project Living in Surveillance Societies of the European
Science Foundation, in which Christian Fuchs represents Austria in
the management committee.
It conquers peoples mind and beliefs. The goal that we wanted
to achieve in studying this topic is to open everyones eyes in what
reality television programs.
Local literature
In this Digital Age, everyone seems to make his or her
presence felt in the virtual world to validate his or her existence.
Getting connected through social networks and blog sites seems to
be the norm, not just among individuals, but also among companies
and businesses. With this, the Honor Award Program (HAP) of the
Civil Service Commission (CSC) has ventured into social media to
strengthen its promotional strategies of the Program.

29

Commission on Information and Communications Technology

(CICT) Chairman Ivan John E. Uy said that social networking sites can
be a useful tool in public service delivery. The use of Facebook and
Twitter in government offices provides better access to the public,
he said in an interview aired over DZRB. There are 24 million Internet
users in the Philippines, 51% of which use social networking sites.
Social media is an effective platform for information dissemination
and engagement.Its about time to engage with our stakeholders.
There are 1.4 million government workers all over the country.
Filipinos should hear of the inspiring stories of our outstanding public
servants. Being on Facebook is one way to reach out to the public
that we serve, said CSC Chairman Francisco T. Duque III. The
Pangasinan provincial government is vigorously pushing people
empowerment, including generating greater public awareness on
various government programs through the use of social networking
sites. Pursuing this thrust, the provincial government led by Gov.
Amado Espino Jr. conducted a multi-sector bloggers orientation
seminar last June 1 at the Pangasinan Development and Training
Center here. The participants included provincial department heads,
chiefs of hospitals, administrative officers and staff, and IT personnel
of different departments of the provincial government. Vangie Padilla,
a social media specialist and resource speaker, said Espino wanted to
raise the level of quality of public service given to the 2.6 million
30

College of Arts and Science Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service.

Since there are now some 300,000 Pangasinenses who are on
Facebook, Padilla said Espino thought of coping with the times by
switching from the traditional to cyberspace. Since Pangasinan is
now dubbed as No. 1 province in many aspects, Gov.Espino opts to
explore greater heights of bringing government service closer to the
people, having seen the intense impact of social media like Facebook,
Twitter and YouTube among Pangasinenses, Padilla said. Coinciding
with the half-day orientation was the launching of Espinos social
networking

sites

www.youtube.com/governorespino

www.twitter.com/governorespino,
andwww.facebook.com/governor

espino The public is invited to get in touch with the governor, learn
more about the province and the various programs and projects of
the provincial government using these social networking sites in just
few clicks. Provincial employees lauded the project, expressing their
full support to the cause by putting their own group page so they can
post their regular activities and enable the public to keep track of the
efforts of the provincial government. A series of orientation seminars
is underway for all provincial employees, high school and college
students, Sangguniang Kabataan officials, and various sectors in the
province. Tutorial for government employees on social networking is
also set to fully realize the project.

31

The Philippines has been on the World Wide Web since the
early 90s.MozCom was the first commercially available Internet
provider in the Philippines, starting in 1994. In early 2000, via the
Electronic Commerce Act or Republic Act 8792, the Philippine
government mandated that every department should have a
presence on the web. This was to allow the public access to
information as well as a means to communicate with their duly
elected politicians. There are different levels of web presence
required of the government. The hierarchy, from the most basic to
the highest, is: Emerging Web Presence level could be just a simple
static website with details of the respective agency and contact
information.
Enhanced Web Presence includes regularly updated data, a
portal to other departments or government agencies, and a section
where users can download documents. Interactive Web Presence
means more dynamic websites. Information must be updated on a
daily or weekly basis. Documents and forms can be downloaded
before submitting them to the agency. Search features should also be
available. Transactional Web Presence means the user can perform
secure transactions completely on the site, without the need for
filling out paper forms and documents. The fifth and most important
level is Fully Integrated Web Presence. Here the government agency

32

should be able to provide all requirements through two-way

communication such email or instant messaging. There should be
social networking information, and documents and forms should be
available from a single website. This gives the public a direct means
of

sending

feedback,

and

increases

opportunities

for

almost

instantaneous responses from the agency in question. At this point,

many departments just barely qualify for the third level, while a few
are already exploring the fourth level. Very few governments around
the world have the equivalent of the fifth level of web presence. All
government websites operate under guidelines set by the Office of
the President to standardize the quality of government web
presence. This is implemented and monitored by the Department of
Trade and Industry (http://dti.gov.ph). These are followed according
to the different types of service provided by the department, which
include the agency working with the public, another government
agency or a business. Some departments already allow applications
online, filing or permits and payment. E-commerce services are also
in place for the convenience of businesses and corporations. The
standardization allows the agencies to scale their deployment on the
web in phases, which ensures that they are able to bring the best
service without unnecessary expense or inconvenience to the public.
In recent months, certain government agencies have proven to be
valuable in providing information to the public. Such services are
33

useful particularly in times of crisis, both natural and man-made,

such as war in countries where there are many Filipinos, or random
natural calamities. Part of the governments job Is to makes
information available to the public. In the past, this was done through
TV, radio or printed newspapers. However this means that the
information is at least a few hours old. The Internet makes all
information available almost in real time, making it the ideal tool in
reporting news as it happens, not as it happened hours ago. Any
Filipino citizen should know where to look for information regarding
our government. You need look no further than The Official Website
of the Republic of the Philippines (http://www.gov.ph). This site is a
portal to other government websites and is managed at the Office of
the President of the Philippines. It includes news reports, official press
releases and a directory of other government websites.

The

government website directory includes the Office of the President

(http://president.gov.ph)

and

the

Office

of

the

Vice

President

(http://ovp.gov.ph). But due to the recent earthquake in Japan, many

citizens are questioning the capability of our government to react to
a natural calamity of that magnitude. The official website of the
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHIVOLCS
(http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph) provides information on disasters
arising from volcanic eruptions, earthquake and tsunami. PHIVOLCS,
meanwhile,

operates

under

the

Department

of

Science

and
34

Technology (DOST)(http://dost.gov.ph). Since the civil war in Libya

started in February, thousands of Overseas Filipino Workers have
been clamoring to return to the Philippines. The unstable political
climate in the Middle East highlights the need for a single source of
information for OFWs and their families. There are a number of
government agencies working together to help these displaced
workers evacuate quickly and safely. The first is the Department of
Foreign

Affairs

(DFA)

(http://dfa.gov.ph),

which

has

been

in

negotiations with the governments on nations in turmoil and the

neighboring countries where our countrymen can seek refuge.
Another invaluable resource is the Overseas Workers Welfare
Administration (OWWA)(http://www.owwa.gov.ph). As we move into
the 21st century, more and more government agencies are working
to improve their web presence to include social networking, which is
now more than just a new buzzword thrown around in meetings. The
information that was disseminated across various demographics at
Edsa II shows that its not just the youth you can reach with
technology. Older generations will not be left behind. The sites are
becoming increasingly easy to use and the convenience is starting to
outweigh the alternatives. Waiting in line at the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) (http://www.lto.gov.ph) for your drivers license will soon
be part of the past. The Internet is information, it is convenience, it is

35

here. You had best embrace it, or youll be the only one wholl be
waiting in line.

Local Studies
Social Networking is one of the trendiest topics being talked
about by the students in arellano university. Examples of social
networking sites are Friendster, Facebook, Twitter and MySpace.
Social Networking Sites help us to communicate with our friends,
classmates, and relatives but they also allow us to communicate with
other people who contribute to common interests with us. For
instance a person added another person as a friend on Facebook
since both of them is addicted on playing Restaurant City. Through
these social networking sites, we develop virtual interpersonal
relationships. An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term
relationship between two or more people.

This connection may be based on emotions like love and liking,

regular business interactions, or some other type of social
commitments. Interpersonal relationships take place in a great
variety of contexts, such as family, friends, marriage, acquaintances,
work, clubs, neighborhoods, and churches. They may be regulated by
law, custom, or mutual agreement, and are the basis of social groups
and society as a whole.
36

Social networking sites manipulate the interpersonal relationship of

students in many ways. Through social networking sites, users come
to meet other people worldwide. These people can affect the users
interpersonal relationship with other people close to him/her. This
influence can either be good or bad for the user. The researchers
chose the topic about the influence of social networking sites to be
studied because it is shown evidently that most of the students in
arellano university use Social Networking Sites as part of their
activities done in the internet.
Possible advantages:

Facilitates open communication, leading to enhanced

information discovery and delivery.

Allows employees to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions

and share links.

Provides an opportunity to widen business contacts.

Targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective

recruitment tool.

Improves business reputation and client base with minimal use

of advertising.

37

Expands market research, implements marketing campaigns,

delivers communications and directs interested people to specific
web sites.

Possible disadvantages:

Opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and

launch spam and virus attacks.

Increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that

seem genuine, resulting in data or identity theft.

Potentially results in negative comments from employees about

the company or potential legal consequences if employees use
these sites to view objectionable, illicit or offensive material.

Potentially results in lost productivity, especially if employees

are busy updating profiles, etc.

Employers do have the right to simply ban all computer activity that
is not work-related, but this approach may not yield optimal results. If
employees are to be allowed access to social networking platforms,
then a comprehensive and well-defined policy should be established
to prevent abuse.
A social networking use policy generally:
38

Defines what social networking is particular to your

organization, so employees know exactly what is meant by the
term.

Establishes a clear and defined purpose for the policy.

Communicates benefits of social networking and of having a

policy.

Provides a clear platform for educating employees.

Takes into consideration any legal ramifications of not following

laws.

Refers to confidentiality of employer trade secrets and private

or confidential information. Talks about productivity in terms of
social networking.

Provides guidance regarding social networking outside of

company time/property that could be associated with the
company, employees or customers. Some employers may prohibit
posting of company information on social networking sites without
explicit consent.

Provides examples of policy violations.

39

Outlines disciplinary measures to be taken for policy violations.

What may be the most concerning aspect of social networking

platforms is that they encourage people to share personal
information. Even the most cautious and well-meaning individuals
can give away information they should not; the same applies to what
is posted on company-approved social networking platforms.

Employees may not be aware of how their actions online may

compromise company security. Educate employees as to how a
simple click on a received link or a downloaded application can
result in a virus infecting their computer and the network.
Advise them not to click on suspicious links and to pay careful
attention when providing personal information online.
Remember that just because employees may have an online
profile, it doesnt necessarily mean they have a high level of
security awareness.

Synthesis
Gathering Related Literature for the social networking
sites is not that difficult. The study is rich with prevalence and
40

outcome but there is a deficit on related studies and related

literature. The researchers are very keen in finding information for
local studies and literature. However an inquiry and review of
relevant literature had been made and gathered to provide some
information and insights to help with the study. The Related
Literature and Studies that were gathered serve as an important
source of information which impel the researcher to conduct a broad
study on the perception on bisexuality among college students. The
relevant literature and studies gives knowledge and ideas on the
effects of social networking sites to the students.
An investigation by the researchers of recent journals and
books that may tackle the same subject of local and foreign reveals
the same opinion.

Chapter 3
41

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will utilize descriptive design. This research design is
suitable with the aims of the researcher which is to determine the
effect of social networking sites to college students especially to their
academic performances.

Sampling Technique and Number of Respondents

In this research work, random sampling technique will be used.
The researcher will ask those students who are willing and available
to answer the formulated survey questionnaire. We will continuously
do this process until the sample reaches the desired size.

Research Locale
This research work will be conducted at Arellano University
Andres Bonifacio campus, Pag-asa St. Caniogan, Pasig City.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be composed of 50
Psychology students from Arellano University Andres Boniifacio
Campus.

Research Instrument
The researcher will formulate a 30 items survey questionnaire
that intends to determine the effects of social networking sites to the
42

students ranging from the aspects which are considered as affected

aspects of an individual and the aspects are: social aspect, and
academic performances.

Data Gathering Procedure

In regards with the gathering of data, the researcher will utilize
formulated survey questionnaire. In accordance with this, the
researcher will follow the following step by step procedures.
1. The researcher will ask the permission of the Vice President of
Arellano University Jose Abad Santos Campus to allow him to
conduct a survey pertaining to the said research title.
2. The

researcher

will

distribute

the

formulated

survey

questionnaire.
Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that will be obtained from the questionnaires which is

going to be distributed by the researcher was tabulated, analyzed
and interpreted with the use of the following sampling technique;

1. Percentage
Percentage was used to define the demographic profile of the
respondents.

43

Formula:

% = f n * 100

Where:

f=Frequency (number of the correct answers of the

respondents)
n = Overall Points
%

Percentage

of

correct

answers

of

the

respondent
2. Weighted Mean
Weighted mean was used to determine the effect of social
networking on social aspect and academic performances of the
students.
Formula:

X = X N

Where:

X = total score of the respondents

N = number of respondent
3. T-Test
T-Test was used to determine the difference of two variables.

Formula:

t=

x1 x2

(n1 1)(s1)2 + (n2 1)(s2)2

n1 + n2 2

+
n1

n2

44

Where:

x1 = mean of the first sample

X2 = mean of the second sample
s1 = variance of the first sample
s2 = variance of the second sample
n1 = number of first respondents
n2 = number of second respondents

45

Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation

of data gathered from respondents of the study. The specific
problems raised in this study were answered sequentially. The study
data reviewed the answers of respondents after the survey. The
demographic profile of the respondents includes their age and
gender.

The

data

is

presented

in

tabular

forms

with

their

corresponding textual presentation and interpretation.

The researcher conducted the study to find out effects of social
networking sites to the students of Arellano University.
Specifically the study answered the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;
1.2. Gender; and
1.3. Year Level?
2. What are the effects of social networking sites on:
2.1

Social aspect
46

2.2

Academic performances

Problem 1. Demographic Profile of respondents

Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of
Respondents
Respondents

Frequency

Percentage

16-17

17

57%

20-23

12

40%

24-28

3%

Shown in table 1 is the frequency and percentage distribution

of the age of respondents. 57% are within the age range of 16 to 19
followed by 40% are of age 20 to 23 and 3% are of age 24 to 28.

47

Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Gender of the
Respondents
Respondents
Male
Female
TOTAL

Frequency
19
11
30

Percentage
63%
37%
100%

Shown in table 2 is the frequency and percentage distribution

of the respondents gender. 37% of the respondents are female and
the remaining 63% from the respondents are male.

Table 3
48

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Year Level of

the Respondents
Respondents
1st Year
2nd Year
3rd Year
4th Year
TOTAL

Frequency
10
5
13
2
30

Percentage
33%
17%
43%
7%
100 %

Shown in table 3 is the frequency and percentage distribution of

the year level of the respondents. 43% of the respondents are
composed of 3rd year students followed by 33% of it is composed of
1st year students. 5% are composed of 2nd year students and the
least is at 2% composed of 4th year students.

Problem 2. What is the effect of social networking sites on:

1.1 Social aspect
1.2 Academic performances

The obtained values were interpreted using the following

guide:

49

Mean Values
4.50 5.00

Verbal Interpretation
Strongly Agree

3.50 4.49

Agree

2.50 3.49

Moderately Agree

1.50 2.49

Disagree

1.00 1.49

Strongly Disagree

Table 4
Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano
University on
Social aspect
Social aspect

Weighted

Interpretation

Mean
1. Do you regularly view any of the

4.4

Agree

4.24

Agree

4.12

Agree

4.26

Agree

networking sites even if you dont

contribute
2. Do you hose sleep due to late night
logins
3.Can Social media helps you to express
yourself?
4. Do you spend more time in socializing
online than to join in an organization?
50

5. Does social media makes you feel

4.6

Strongly Agree

6. Do you still hang out with your friends?

4.8

Strongly Agree

7. Does Social media bring you closer to your

4.2

Agree

8. Do you forgot household chores to spend

4.3

Agree

more on line
9. Social media provides ways to enhance

4.5

Strongly Agree

4.28

Agree

4.37

Agree

comfortable

family and friends?

connection with students as it brings them

closer by alleviating the necessity of physical
presence

10.

Social media is a good way to

release pressure
Average Weighted Mean

Table 4 presents the effects of social networking sites to the

Students of Arellano University on social aspects

Table 5
Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano
University on academic performances
51

Academic Performances

Weighted

Interpretation

Mean
1.Social

media helps students to develop

4.28

Agree

important knowledge and social skills

2. Using social media people around the

4.54

Strongly Agree

4.16

Agree

4.6

Strongly Agree

4.6

Strongly Agree

easy and fast way

6. Do Social networking sites makes

4.28

Agree

your works easier

7. Do you spend more time in

4.22

Agree

socializing online than to study

8. Can you consider ads that you see on

4.38

Agree

school stuff?
9. Do you choose to play on line games

4.34

Agree

than to do your school homeworks?

10. Do your grades or school works

4.16

Agree

global can interact long distantly and

3.

virtually
Youth can further explore topics that
theyre interested in through online

social networking
4. Life without internet is quit boring
5.

Social

networking

especially

the

internet offer the possibility to get

info from all over the world in an

your profile can help you in your

suffer because of the amount of time

you spend online
52

Average Weighted Mean

4.36

Agree

Table 5 presents the Effects of social networking sites to the

Students of Arellano University on academic perform

Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and
recommendation of the study. The researcher conducted the study
to find out the effects of social networking of the students in Arellano
University.
The researcher conducted the study to find out the effects of
social networking to the students in terms of social aspects and
academic performances.
Moreover it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Gender; and
1.3. Year Level?
53

2. What are the effects of social networking sites on:

a. Social aspects
b. Academic performances

Summary:
3. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
37 percent of the respondents are female and the remaining 63
percent are males. 57 percent are within the age range of 16 to
19 years old, 40 percent are within the age bracket of 20 to 23
years old and the remaining 3 percent are currently within the
age bracket of 24 to 28 years old. 43 percent are currently in
3rd year college, followed by 33 percent of 1st year college
students, and then 17 percent are currently 2 nd year students
and the remaining 7 percent are 4th year college students
4. Effects of social networking sites
The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean
of 4.37 which is greater than the mean of effects on academic
performance as it scored lower at 4.36.

54

Conclusion:
3. Majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 196
to 19 years of age. The dominant genders of the respondents
are male and most Year Level of the respondents is in 3rd Year.
4. The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean
of 4.37 which is greater than the mean of effects on academic
performance as it scored lower at 4.36.

Recommendation:
3. Since social networking sites are now the most influenced on
the students in terms of different aspects, the researchers
recommend that the students should have the proper time
management to maintain the proper balance on school and
build a good relationship with others.
4. Since the academic performances of the students is one of the
affected aspects of spending a lot of time on social networking
sites, students should use it in a useful way such as reading
informative blogs and posts which is credited or validated with
55

professionals, and also reading a useful information posted by

known group or organization.

References
http://www.wikipedia.com
www.study.com

56