Elektronika Daya

Elektronika Daya
Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologi
elektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik.
Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu dikonversikan?
Hampir semua peralatan listrik bekerja kurang
efisien atau tidak bisa bekerja pada sumber energi
(daya) elektrik yang tersedia.
Banyak pembangkit energi (daya) elektrik
nonkonvensional mempunyai bentuk yang tidak
kompatibel dengan sumber energi (daya) elektrik
lainnya.
2

Konverter Daya
Daya keluaran

Daya masukan
Konverterdaya

Pengukuran

Beban

Pengukuran

Pengendali

Acuan
3

Klasifikasi Konverter Daya

Konverter DC-ke-DC (Chopper)

Konverter AC-ke-DC (Penyearah)
Konverter DC-ke-AC (Inverter)
Konverter AC-ke-AC (Cycloconverter/Matrix)

Konverter Sinyal dan Daya

Konverter Sinyal
Sinyal masuk

Sinyal keluar

Daya masuk

Konverter Daya
Daya keluar

Daya masuk

Sinyal masuk

Efficiency is the key

5

Regulator tegangan
R1
Rv

Io

Vi

Io

Vi

Ro

Vo

R2

Ro

Vo

Efficiency is very low

No ripples on the input and output sides
6

Switching Regulator
Ii

Ts

Vi

Io

TON

Vo
0

Vi

Vo

Load
Io
0

Ii
0

T
Efficiency is very high
Vo ON Vi
Ts
Ripples on the input and output sides

Linear and Switching Power Supplies

Linear

Switching

Switching Mode Power Supplies

Advantages:
High efficient and small size
DC filter capacitor is working at high voltage
(Energy stored is high)
The reactive component requirements are small.
Disadvantages:
Control is more complicated
EMC problems
9

Power Supply Comparison

Power Density

Efficiency

Linear Power
Supply

<0.12 W/cm3

<40%

SMPS

6W/cm3

>95%

10

Power Electronic Applications

in Power Generation
Excitation system
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Variable Speed Power Generation (Hydro,
Wind, Microturbine gas)
Power Conditioners for Renewable Power
Generation (Fuel cells, solar cells)
Energy Storage
11

Excitation System in Brushless AC Generator

D1

D3

D5

D2

D4

D6

Rotor

Stator

Exciter

Main generator

12

Renewable Energy System

Solar Cells

DC/DC

DC/DC

Energy Storages

Fuel Cells
Exhaust
Fuel

DC/DC

AC/DC

BUS DC

Fuel
Cells
Fuel Cells Modules

Generatr

Micro Hydro Electric Power

DC/AC

Utilitas
AC/DC
DC/AC
AC Loads

13

Power Electronic Applications in

Power Transmission

High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission

Static VAR Compensators
Series Compensation
Phase Shifters
Dynamic Braking
Flexible AC Transmission System
High-Speed Circuit Breakers
14

Static VAR Compensator

Improving power factor

Reducing voltage drop and losses
Increasing maximum power transfer
Improving damping factor
15

HVDC Transmission System

AC System

AC System

DC Line

Converter

Converter
Two - terminals
dc system

Asynchronous links
Suitable for long distance transmission and
underground cable transmission
Improving damping factor
16

Power Electronic Applications in

Power Distribution

Static VAR Compensators

Power Conditioners
Active Filters
Unified Power Conditioners
Dynamic Voltage Restorers
High-Speed Circuit Breakers
Light High-Voltage Direct-Current Distribution
Power conditioners for distributed power
generation
17

Active Filter
is

AC source

Ls
if

es

Active
filter

ih

Harmonic
source

18

Power Electronic Applications in

Transportation Industries

High-Speed Trains
Electric vehicles
Elevators
Airplanes
Ships
Unmanned vehicles
19

PWM Inverter for Electric Traction

Pantograph
PWM Inverter

Traction Motors

20

Power Electronic Applications in

Industries

Rolling mills
Variable speed pump systems
Cement kilns
Rolling ball mills
Robotics
Electrolysis
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Variable Speed Drive Applications

FLOW
REFERENCE

SET-POINT
CONTROLLER
MOTORIZED
VALVE
STARTER

SENSOR
MOTOR

Fixed Speed

PUMP

FLOW
REFERENCE

SET-POINT
CONTROLLER

VSD

SENSOR
MOTOR
PUMP
CONTROLLER

22

Variable Speed Drives

Smoothing
inductor

AC Motor

AC source

Smoothing
capacitor

vout

Square - wave
inverter

Controlled
rectifier

AC Motor

AC source

Smoothing
capacitor

vout

Uncontrolled
rectifier

PWM inverter

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Variable Speed Pumping System

VALVE OPERATION
WITH STANDARD
EFFICIENTMOTOR

70

Pipe characteristic 2

Pipe characteristic 1

60

H2

50

H1
Pump characteristic 1

INPUT KW

Head/Press ure

80

ADJUSTABLE SPEED
OPERATION WITH
ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR

40

30

H3

20

Pump characteristic 2
10

Q2

Q1 Flow

0
500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

FLOW (GPM)

24

Power Electronic Applications in

Home Appliances

Microwave heating
Air conditioners
Refrigerators
Toasters
Cookers
Vacuum cleaners
Wash machines
25

Power Electronic Applications in

Information Industries

DC power supplies
Distributed power supplies
Power conditioners
Uninterruptible power supplies
Battery chargers
Voltage Regulator Modules
26

Is power electronics new technology?

Power electronics have been developed since the
beginning of 20th century when mercury arc and
vacuum tubes technology was emerged.
Power conversion has been known for a long time by
using a combination of electrical machinery.
Power electronics development has grown very fast
since the introduction of thyristor or SCR
(Semiconductor controlled rectifier) in nineteen
fifties.
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Interdiciplinary nature of power electronics

Signal
processing

Control
theory

Circuit
theory

Electronics

Solid - state
physics

Power Electronics

Computer

Power
systems

Electric
machines

Electromagnetics

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Current Challenges

Voltage regulator modules for microprocessors

Embedded inverter for motor drives
Intelligent power ICs
Flexible AC power transmission systems
Custom power distribution system
Unified power conditioners
Renewable energy power generation system
29

Laptop Power Supply System

30

Matriks saklar

S3

S1
Vi

S2

Load

S4

31

Penyearah tak terkendali

Vi

S3

S1
Vi

Load

S1

S2

S2

S4

S3

S4

v uv

32

Penyearah terkendali

Vi

S1

S3

S1

S2

Vi

Load

S3

S4

S2

S4

v uv

33

AC regulator

Vi

S3

S1
Vi

S1

Load

S2

S3

S2

S4
S4

vuv
34

Phase-Controlled AC-AC Cycloconverter

S1

S3

ei

Beban

S2

vo

S4

ei
t
S1 & S 4

S 2 & S3

Fundamenta l component

vo

35

Konverter DC-ke-DC
Vi

S3

S1
Vi

S1

Load

S2

S3

S2

S4
S4

v uv

36

Inverter PWM
Vi

S3

S1
Vi

S1

S2

Load

S3

S4

S2

S4
v uv

37

Understanding Power Electronic Circuits

Consider all power semiconductor switches as
ideal switches
Ideal switches have no voltage drop, no leakage
current, and transition times are zero.
Practical considerations are given in detailed
design.
Background on signal electronics is useful to
understand power electronics.
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The End

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