Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TM
Block
Engineering Design
TM
TM
ALAND
NEW ZE
MADE
Contents
Page
Page
Bracing Design 3
General 3
Distribution of Bracing Walls 3
Reinforcement Requirements of
Bracing Walls 3
11.4 Basic Load Data used to
Derive Tables 3
11.5 Bracing Capacity Background 5
11.5.1 Bracing Design 5
11.5.2 Development of Capacity Tables 5
11.5.3 Design Procedure for Overturning 5
11.5.4 Design Procedure for Sliding 6
11.6 Bracing Capacity Tables 6
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
BLK 2013
11.1 General
Horizontal forces, such as wind and earthquake loading,
applied to a building are to be resisted by bracing walls.
Bracing walls are located generally at right angles to the
walls subjected to these forces. All bracing components in
the building shall be interconnected to adequately transfer
the imposed loads. These connections are achieved in the
following ways:
Light Roof
Timber Floor
0.75 kPa
Supercrete
SFP Floor
2.00 kPa
11.3 Reinforcement
Requirements of Bracing Walls
SP = 0.78
K = 1.43
R = 1.0
N (T, D) = 1.0
Z = Zone 1 (0.2), Zone 2 (0.3), Zone 3 (0.46), Zone 4 (0.6)
E = 0.3
BLK 2013
Nominal Wall
Thickness (mm)
Mass of Wall
(kg/m)
150
200
250
300
Unit Weight of
Wall (kN/m)
1.0
1.3
1.6
2
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.3
79
105
131
158
Table 13. Earthquake Bracing Unit (BU) Demand for Supercrete Block
Bracing Unit Demand for Supercrete block walls subjected to an Earthquake shall be calculated in accordance with NZS
4229, using Table 13 - Earthquake Bracing Demand for Supercrete Block Walls in place of NZS 4229 - Table 4.3
Single Storey
or Top Storey
of Building
(with light
roof )
Supercrete Block
Wall Thickness (mm)
150
200
250
300
Add
Bottom of
Two Storey
(with light
roof )
Supercrete
Block
Thickness
(mm)
Single Skin
Supercrete Wall
(525 kg/m)
If top storey is
timber refer to
NZS 3604 for
Bracing Unit
Demand
Zone 1
Zone 2
27
32
29
42
4
18
21
20
28
4
Zone 3
Zone 4
42
49
44
64
4
54
63
58
83
6
Single Skin
Supercrete Wall
both storeys
For Heavy Roof
150
200
250
300
Add
All
thicknesses
41
44
49
72
4
62
65
74
108
4
94
100
113
165
4
123
130
147
215
6
88
132
202
263
33
38
47
58
4
49
57
70
86
4
75
87
107
132
4
98
114
139
172
6
66
98
150
196
1) Table 13 has been developed using the same principles as NZS 4229. It is based on a 7m square box building with a 45
pitch roof. The roof space has an allowance for a habitable attic using 40% of the plan area with a Live Load of 1.5kPa & a
timber floor. Wall height between floor levels, & ceiling level for top or single storey = 2.4m
2) All Intermediate Supercrete SFP floors are assumed as 200mm thick and include a 20mm topping screed
3) Timber Floor denotes a Supercrete 75mm Soundfloor on timber joists.
4) The above table has been derived for Site Sub-soil Classes D or E. Where it has been proven from geotechnical investigation that
the site sub-soil is better than Class D then the following factors can be applied to all values in Table 13 for the other classes:
Site Sub-soil Classes A & B
0.63
Site Sub-soil Class C
0.79
BLK 2013
BLK 2013
Applied
Loads
Compression
stress block
Compression
reinforcement ignored
Neutral axis
Tensile bar
forces
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
BLK 2013
(2 x D12) (2 x D12) (3 x D12) (4 x D12) (5 x D12) (5 x D12) (6 x D12) (7 x D12) (8 x D12) (8 x D12)
220
180
160
140
120
115
105
95
95
85
305
265
225
210
180
170
150
140
130
120
455
455
455
415
370
340
310
290
265
255
605
605
605
605
605
575
530
490
455
425
750
750
760
760
760
760
765
750
700
655
6
760
760
760
760
765
765
765
765
780
780
900
910
910
910
920
920
920
920
930
930
1050
1050
1060
1060
1060
1070
1070
1070
1080
1080
1205
1205
1215
1215
1215
1225
1225
1225
1235
1235
1205
1215
1215
1215
1225
1225
1235
1235
1240
1240
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
(2 x D12) (2 x D12) (3 x D12) (4 x D12) (5 x D12) (5 x D12) (6 x D12) (7 x D12) (8 x D12) (8 x D12)
220
190
160
140
130
120
115
105
95
85
310
265
235
210
190
170
160
150
130
130
455
465
465
425
385
350
320
305
295
265
605
605
615
615
615
595
550
510
475
445
760
760
765
765
765
765
780
780
730
680
760
765
765
765
780
780
785
785
785
795
910
920
920
930
930
930
940
940
950
950
1060
1070
1070
1080
1080
1090
1090
1090
1100
1100
1215
1225
1225
1235
1235
1240
1240
1250
1250
1260
1225
1225
1235
1235
1240
1240
1250
1260
1260
1270
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
(2 x D12) (2 x D12) (3 x D12) (4 x D12) (5 x D12) (5 x D12) (6 x D12) (7 x D12) (8 x D12) (8 x D12)
225
190
170
150
130
120
115
105
95
95
310
275
235
220
190
180
160
150
140
130
465
465
465
435
400
360
330
310
285
275
615
615
615
615
625
615
570
530
490
465
765
765
765
780
780
785
785
785
750
710
765
780
780
780
785
785
795
795
805
805
920
930
930
940
940
950
950
960
960
970
1070
1080
1080
1090
1100
1100
1110
1110
1120
1120
1225
1235
1240
1240
1250
1260
1260
1270
1270
1280
1235
1240
1240
1250
1260
1260
1270
1280
1280
1290
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
(2 x D12) (2 x D12) (3 x D12) (4 x D12) (5 x D12) (5 x D12) (6 x D12) (7 x D12) (8 x D12) (8 x D12)
225
200
170
150
140
120
115
105
95
95
310
275
245
220
200
180
170
150
140
130
465
475
475
445
405
370
340
310
290
275
615
625
625
625
625
615
575
540
500
475
765
780
780
785
785
795
795
795
780
730
780
780
785
785
795
795
805
805
815
815
930
940
940
950
950
960
970
970
980
980
1080
1090
1100
1100
1110
1120
1120
1130
1140
1140
1235
1240
1250
1260
1260
1270
1280
1290
1290
1300
1240
1250
1260
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
1320
BLK 2013
BLK 2013
2400
200
C.J.
1000
10
780
2290
10
1200
2500
10
C.J.
1190
5000
1800
2600
990
10
200
600
600
C.J.
1800
C.J.
200
600 1200
1800
C.J.
6200
3990
C.J.
10
10
8000
C.J.
C.J.
C.J.
200
6000
10
10
10
C.J.
2700
1000
1590
3180
1200
3400
C.J.
10
5000
2190
C.J.
5000
10
1000 600
200
1200
10
2400
6800
200
6000
BLK 2013
2400mm
2400mm
1200mm
2400mm
2400mm
6000mm
GRID A
2
1200mm 1200mm
10mm
200
mm
BLK 2013
mm
5000mm
6800mm
3000mm
2400mm
1190mm
10mm
GRID B
6800mm
3000mm
6000mm
780 mm
6000mm
2400mm
3400mm
200
mm
3000mm
2400mm
1800mm 990mm
2600mm
10mm
600mm
6000mm
mm
GRID C
GRID D
10
2400mm
200
mm
3180mm
1000mm
60mm
10mm
2700mm
1000mm
600mm 690mm
5000mm
10mm
10mm
1200mm
600mm
1190mm
10mm
8000mm
GRID 1
B
2400mm
200
mm
2190mm
10mm
1000mm
1590mm
200mm
3990mm
5000mm
1800mm
1200mm
600mm
10mm
8000mm
200
mm
GRID 2
2400mm
200
mm
2290mm
10mm
1200mm
6200mm
2290mm
200
mm
10mm
GRID 3
Copyright Superbuild International Limited 2013
11
BLK 2013
Earthquake Zone 1
EQ Zone 1
BLK 2013
D1
D2
D3
6 x 5.0 = 30.0
6 x 8.0 = 48.0
6.8 x 6.2 = 42.2
Total Bracing
60% of
Demand (BUs) Demand (BUs)
630
1008
887
12
378
605
532
Copyright Superbuild International Limited 2013
Section 11
Table 15
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
A
2.4
2.4
550
2.4
2.4
550
1100
Capacity of Grid A is 940 BUs exceeding the demand of 378 BUs
Bracing Line Grid A is OK
Grid B
Diaphragm D3
Bracing Capacity of wall on Grid C < 30% of demand, therefore
100% of demand carried by wall on Grid B
Diaphragms D1 & D2
Section 11
Panel Height
Bracing Line
Table 15
(m)
Section 11
Table 15
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
B
2.4 3.39 783
2.4
1.2
160
2.4
6.0
1250
2193
Grid B internal bracing wall is common to diaphragms D1 & D2,
then bracing demand is taken as 40% of the sum of total bracing
of diaphragms D1 & D2
Grid B demand = 0.4 x (630 + 1008) + 887 = 1543 BUs
Grid B external bracing wall for diaphragm D3 is taken as 100%
of the bracing demand for diaphragm D3
Grid B bracing capacity is 2193 BUs, exceeding required
demand of 1543 BUs
Bracing Line Grid B is OK
Grid C
Bracing Line
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
C
2.4
1.19
160
160
Section 11
Table 15
Grid D
Bracing Line
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
D
2.4
2.99
780
2.4
3.0
780
1560
Capacity of Grid D is 1560 BUs exceeding the demand of
605 Bus
Bracing Line Grid D is OK
13
Grid 1
Section 11
Bracing Line
Table 15
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
1
2.4
3.80
782
2.4
2.79
703
2.4
1.19
160
1645
Grid 1 external bracing wall is common to diaphragms D1 & D2,
hence the bracing demand is taken as 60% of the sum of the
total bracing demand of diaphragms D1 & D2
Grid 1 demand = 0.6 x (630 + 1008) = 983 Bus
Capacity of Grid 1 is 1645 Bus exceeding the demand of
983 BUs
Bracing Line Grid 1 is OK
Section 11
Table 15
Grid 2
Bracing Line
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
2
2.4 2.19 473
2.4 1.59 266
2.4
4.19
940
2.4
2.00
396
2075
Section 11
Table 15
Grid 3
Bracing Line
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
3
2.4
2.4
550
2.4
2.4
550
1100
BLK 2013
14
Panel Height
(m)
Panel Length
Bracing
(m)
Capacity (BUs)
2.4
2.40
550
2.4
2.40
550
2.4
3.39
783
Across Ridge
2.4
1.20
160
2.4
6.00
1250
2.4
2.99
780
2.4
3.00
780
4853
2.4
2.79
703
2.4
1.19
160
2.4
2.19
473
2.4
1.59
266
Along Ridge
2.4
3.98
891
2.4
2.40
550
2.4
2.00
396
2.4
2.40
550
2.4
2.40
550
4539
Step 2E Conclusion
Overall Capacity across ridge is 4853 BUs exceeding the
demand of 2525 BUs
Overall capacity along ridge is 4539 BUs exceeding the
demand of 2525 BUs
It was established that sufficient individual and overall
Bracing Capacity has been provided by the house design
Bracing Capacity
across ridge is OK
Bracing Capacity
along ridge is OK
Bracing Capacity OK
Refer to figures showing Bracing Lines, Movement Joints &
Bracing Panels
Step 2B Determine Bracing Demand for Individual
Bracing Lines
The Critical Loading Case was for earthquake, where the
Section 11
Bracing Demand was 21 BU/m
Table 13
Bracing Demand is 21 BU/m
The Bracing Demand for the Bracing Line is determined by
multiplying the Bracing Demand by the plan area
supported by the Bracing Line
Demand 21 BU/m
15
BLK 2013
Bracing
Line
Tributary
Width (m)
A
5.0 / 2 = 2.5
B
(5.0 + 6.2) / 2 = 5.6
C/D*
8/2=4
1
6 / 2 = 3
2
(6 + 6.8) / 2 = 6.4
3
6/2=3
Wall
Length (m)
Deman of Bracing
Line (BUs)
6.0
12.8
12.8
13.0
13.0
6.2
21 x 2.5 x 6 = 315
21 x 5.5 x 12.8 = 1479
21 x 4 x 12.8 = 1076
21 x 3 x 13 = 819
21 x 6.4 x 13 = 1748
21 x 3 x 6.2 = 391
NZS 4229
* Treat as a single wall as the offset is less than 2.0m.
The tributary width is determined from the larger diaphragm
Step 2C Determine Bracing Capacity of each
Bracing Line
The total bracing capacity provided by the individual panels
along a bracing line can be determined as outlined in the
Individual Diaphragm Approach and listed in the table below
Section 1
Table 15
Bracing Line
A
550 + 550 = 1100
B
783 + 160 + 1250 = 2193
C/D*
160 + 780 + 780 = 1720
1
782 + 160 + 703 = 1645
2
473 + 266 + 940 + 396 = 2075
3
550 + 550 = 1100
* Treat as a single wall as the offset is less than 2.0m.
The tributary total bracing capacity is taken as the sum of the
bracing capacities for the individual panels of both Grids C & D
Bracing
Bracing
Demand (BUs) Capacity (BUs)
315
1479
1076
819
1748
391
1100
2193
1720
1645
2075
1100
Remarks
3OK
3OK
3OK
3OK
3OK
3OK
Step 2E Conclusion
BLK 2013
16
Bracing Capacity OK
1.38kN/m (DL)
0.75kN/m (LL)
1.2 D.L. + 1.5 L.L. = 1.2 x 1.38 + 1.5 x 0.75 = 2.78 kN/m
2.78kN/m Action
17
BLK 2013
2.
1.0
2.5
ah
1.0
2.5
BLK 2013
18
Chart 1 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.4m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
Chart 2 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.4m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
Chart 3 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.7m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
19
BLK 2013
Chart 4 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.7m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
Chart 5 Supercrete Block Walls up to 3.0m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
Chart 6 Supercrete Block Walls up to 3.0m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Supercrete Floor
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
BLK 2013
20
Chart 7 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.4m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
Chart 8 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.4m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
Chart 9 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.7m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
21
BLK 2013
Chart 10 Supercrete Block Walls up to 2.7m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
Chart 11 Supercrete Block Walls up to 3.0m Height with Four Edges Laterally Supported and
Loaded by a Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 1.0
Chart 12 Supercrete Block Walls up to 3.0m Height with One Side Free and Loaded by a
Concrete Slab
Wall
av = 1.0
ah = 2.5
BLK 2013
22
bv
1.0
0.25
bh
1.0
23
BLK 2013
Wall
bv = 1.0
bh = 1.0
BLK 2013
24
Chart 16 Two-way Bending for Supercrete Block Walls 2.7m High with
Four Sides Laterally Supported
Wall
bv = 1.0
bh = 1.0
Chart 17 Two-way Bending for Supercrete Block Walls 3.0m High with
Four Sides Laterally Supported
Wall
bv = 1.0
bh = 1.0
Chart 18 Two-way Bending for Supercrete Block Walls 2.4m High with
Top Free and Three Sides Laterally Supported
Wall
bv = 0.25
bh = 1.0
25
BLK 2013
Chart 19 Two-way Bending for Supercrete Block Walls 2.7m High with
Top Free and Three Sides Laterally Supported
Wall
bv = 0.25
bh = 1.0
Chart 20 Two-way Bending for Supercrete Block Walls 3.0m High with
Top Free and Three Sides Laterally Supported
Wall
bv = 0.25
bh = 1.0
BLK 2013
26
Technical Support
Guarantee
Authorised Distributor
TM