OFC Assignment-1

Submitted by E.Dheeraj Kumar

Roll.No : 124120
Section A
1. What are primary OFC standards? Briefly enumerate
NIST recommended standard specifications.
Primary OFC standards :
Primary standards refer to measuring and characterizing fundamental
physical parameters such as attenuation, bandwidth, operational
characteristics of fibers, and optical power levels and spectral widths. In the
USA the main organization involved in primary standards is the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This organization carries out
fiber optic and laser standardization work, and it sponsors an annual
conference on optical fiber measurements. Other national organizations
include the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the United Kingdom and
the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalts (PTB) in the Germany.

2. What are Component testing OFC standards? Briefly

enumerate
TIA/EIA
recommended
standard
specifications.
Component testing standards :
Component testing standards define tests for fiber-optic component
performance and they establish equipment-calibration procedures. Several
different organizations are involved in formulating testing standards, some
very active ones being the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) in
association
with
the
Electronics
Industries
Alliance
(EIA),
the
Telecommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITUT), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The TIA has a list
of over 120 fiber optic test standards and specifications under the general
designation TIA/EIA-455-XX-YY, where XX refers to a specific measurement
technique and YY refers to the publication year. These standards are also
called Fber Optic Test Procedures (FOTP), so that TIA/EIA-455-XX becomes
FOTP-XX. These include a wide variety of recommended methods for testing
the response of fibers, cables, passive devices, and electro-optic components
to environmental factors and operational conditions. For example, TIA/EIA-

455-60-1997, or FOTP-60, is a method published in 1997 for measuring fiber

or cable length.

TIA/EIA recommended standard specifications :

ANSI/TIA-568-C.0 (2009) Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises

ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 (2009) Commercial Building Telecommunications Standard
ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 (2009) Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and

Components Standard ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 (2009) Optical Fiber Cabling Components

ANSI/TIA-569-C (2012) Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces
ANSI/TIA-606-B (2012) Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications

Infrastructure
ANSI/TIA-607-B (2011) Generic Telecommunications Bonding and Grounding (Earthing)

for Customer Premises

ANSI/TIA-862-A (2011) Building Automation Systems Cabling Standard

ANSI/TIA-942-A (2012) Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers

3. What are OFC system standards? Briefly enumerate ITU

G and L series recommended standard specifications.
System standards:
System standards refer to measurement methods for link and networks. The major organizations
are the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the Institute for Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE), the ITU-T, and Telcordia Technologies. Of particular interest for fiber optics
system are test standards and recommendations from the ITU-T. Within the G series the
recommendations relate to fiber cables, optical amplifiers, wavelength multiplexing, optical
transport networks (OTN), system reliability and availability, and management and control for
passive optical networks (PON). The L series ITU-T recommendations deal with the
construction, installation, maintenance support, monitoring, and testing of cable and other
elements in the optical fiber outside plant, that is , the fielded cable system. Telcordia
Technologies provides a wide range of generic requirements for telecommunication network
components and systems.

G series recommended standard specifications :

G.680 Physical transfer functions of optical networks elements
G.691 Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64 and other SDH systems with

optical amplifiers
G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers
G.693 Optical interfaces for intra-office systems
G.694.1 Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid
G.694.2 Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid
G.695 Optical interfaces for coarse wavelength division multiplexing applications
G.696.1 Longitudinally compatible intra-domain DWDM applications
G.697 Optical monitoring for DWDM systems
G.698.1 Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical interfaces
G.698.2 Amplified multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical
interfaces
G.701 Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing, and pulse code
modulation (PCM) terms
G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates
G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit/s
hierarchical levels
G.705 Characteristics of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) equipment functional
blocks
G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to
basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704
G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
G.708 Sub STM-0 network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
G.709 Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN)
G.Imp709 Implementers' Guide
G.764 Voice packetization - Packetized voice protocols
G.771 Q-interfaces and associated protocols for transmission equipment in the TMN
(obsolete)
G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems
G.Imp773 Implementors' Guide for ITU-T Recommendation G.773

G.774 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management information model for the
network element view
G.774.1 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Bidirectional performance monitoring
for the network element view
G.774.2 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Configuration of the payload structure
for the network element view
G.774.02 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) configuration of the payload structure
for the network element view
G.774.03 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management of multiplex-section
protection for the network element view
G.774.3 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management of multiplex-section
protection for the network element view
G.774.4 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management of the subnetwork
connection protection for the network element view
G.774.04 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management of the subnetwork
connection protection for the network element view
G.774.05 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management of connection
supervision functionality (HCS/LCS) for the network element view
G.774.5 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management of connection supervision
functionality (HCS/LCS) for the network element view
G.774.6 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Unidirectional performance monitoring
for the network element view
G.774.7 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management of lower order path trace
and interface labeling for the network element view
G.774.8 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Management of radio-relay systems for
the network element view
G.774.9 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) - Configuration of linear multiplexsection protection for the network element view
G.774.10 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Multiplex Section (MS) shared
protection ring management for the network element view

G.Imp774 Implementors' guide synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) G.774 series of

recommendations
G.775 Loss of Signal (LOS), Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) and Remote Defect
Indication (RDI) defect detection and clearance criteria for PDH signals
G.780 Terms and definitions for synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) networks
G.781 Synchronization layer functions
G.782 Types and general characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
equipment (obsolete)
G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional
blocks
G.784 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management
G.785 Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a synchronous digital hierarchy
environment
G.798 Characteristics of optical transport network hierarchy equipment functional
blocks
G.Imp798 Implementers' Guide
G.800 Unified functional architecture of transport networks
G.801 Digital transmission models
G.803 Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH)
G.804 ATM cell mapping into plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks
G.806 Characteristics of transport equipment - Description methodology and generic
functionality
G.807 Requirements for automatic switched transport networks (ASTN) (obsolete)
G.Imp807 Implementers' Guide
G.808.1 Generic protection switching - Linear trail and subnetwork protection
G.Imp808.1 Implementers' Guide
G.809 Functional architecture of connectionless layer networks
G.810 Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks

G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in
synchronization networks
G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
G.831 Management capabilities of transport networks based on the synchronous
digital hierarchy (SDH)
G.832 Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks - Frame and multiplexing
structures
G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures
G.842 Interworking of SDH network protection architectures
G.851.1 Management of the transport network - Application of the RM-ODP
framework
G.852.1 Enterprise viewpoint for simple subnetwork connection management
G.852.2 Enterprise viewpoint description of transport network resource model
G.852.3 Enterprise viewpoint for topology management
G.852.6 Enterprise viewpoint for trail management
G.852.8 Enterprise viewpoint for pre-provisioned adaptation management
G.852.10 Enterprise viewpoint for pre-provisioned link connection management
G.852.12 Enterprise viewpoint for pre-provisioned link management
G.852.16 Enterprise viewpoint for pre-provisioned route discovery
G.853.1 Common elements of the information viewpoint for the management of a
transport network
G.853.2 Subnetwork connection management information viewpoint
G.853.3 Information viewpoint for topology management
G.853.6 Information viewpoint for trail management
G.853.8 Information viewpoint for pre-provisioned adaptation management
G.853.10 Information viewpoint for pre-provisioned link connection management
G.853.12 Information viewpoint for pre-provisioned link management

G.853.16 Information viewpoint for pre-provisioned route discovery

G.854.1 Computational interfaces for basic transport network model
G.854.3 Computational viewpoint for topology management
G.854.6 Computational viewpoint for trail management
G.854.8 Computational viewpoint for pre-provisioned adaptation management
G.854.10 Computational viewpoint for pre-provisioned link connection management
G.854.12 Computational viewpoint for pre-provisioned link management
G.854.16 Computational viewpoint for pre-provisioned route discovery
G.855.1 GDMO engineering viewpoint for the generic network level model
G.861 Principles and guidelines for the integration of satellite and radio systems in
SDH transport networks
G.870 Terms and definitions for Optical Transport Networks (OTN)
G.871 Framework for optical transport network Recommendations
G.Imp871 Implementers' Guide
G.872 Architecture of optical transport networks
G.Imp872 Implementers' Guide
G.873.1 Optical Transport Network (OTN): Linear protection
G.Imp873.1 Implementers' Guide
G.874 Management aspects of the optical transport network element
G.874.1 Optical transport network (OTN): Protocol-neutral management information
model for the network element view
G.Imp874 Implementers' Guide
G.Imp874.1 Implementors' Guide
G.901 General considerations on digital sections and digital line systems
G.902 Framework Recommendation on functional access networks (AN) Architecture and functions, access types, management and service node
aspects
G.911 Parameters and calculation methodologies for reliability and availability of
fibre optic systems
G.957 Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous

digital hierarchy
G.959.1 Optical transport network physical layer interfaces
G.983.1 Broadband optical access systems based on Passive Optical Networks
(PON)
G.983.2 ONT management and control interface specification for B-PON
G.983.3 A broadband optical access system with increased service capability by
wavelength allocation
G.983.4 A broadband optical access system with increased service capability using
dynamic bandwidth assignment
G.983.5 A broadband optical access system with enhanced survivability
G.Imp983.2 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec.

G.983.2 (07/2005)

G.984.1 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON): General characteristics

G.984.2 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (GPON): Physical Media
Dependent (PMD) layer specification
G.984.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (G-PON): Transmission
convergence layer specification
G.984.4 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (G-PON): ONT management and
control interface specification
G.Imp.984.4 Implementors Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.984.4
G.984.5 Enhancement band for gigabit capable optical access networks
G.984.6 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON): Reach extension
G.Imp984.3 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.984.3 (02/2004)
G.985 100 Mbit/s point-to-point Ethernet based optical access system
G.1000 Communications Quality of Service: A framework and definitions
G.1010 End-user multimedia QoS categories
G.1020 Performance parameter definitions for quality of speech and other voiceband
applications utilizing IP networks
G.1030 Estimating end-to-end performance in IP networks for data applications
G.1040 Network contribution to transaction time
G.1050 Network model for evaluating multimedia transmission performance over

Internet Protocol
G.1070 Opinion model for video-telephony applications
G.1080 Quality of experience requirements for IPTV services
G.1081 Performance monitoring points for IPTV
G.1082 Measurement-based methods for improving the robustness of IPTV
performance
G.7041 Generic framing procedure (GFP)
G.7042 Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals
G.7043 Virtual concatenation of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) signals
G.7710 Common equipment management function requirements
G.7712 Architecture and specification of data communication network
G.7714 Generalized automatic discovery for transport entities
G.7714.1 Protocol for automatic discovery in SDH and OTN networks
G.Imp7714.1 Implementers' Guide
G.7715 Architecture and requirements for routing in the automatically switched
optical networks
G.7715.1 ASON routing architecture and requirements for link state protocols
G.7715.2 ASON routing architecture and requirements for remote route query
G.Imp7715 Implementers' Guide
G.Imp7715.1 Implementers' Guide
G.Imp7715.2 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.7715.2/Y.1706.2 (02/2007) ASON routing architecture and requirements for remote route query
G.7718 Framework for ASON management
G.7718.1 Protocol-neutral management information model for the control plane view
G.8001 Terms and definitions for Ethernet frames over Transport (EoT)
G.8010 Architecture of Ethernet layer networks
G.Imp8010 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.8010/Y.1306 (02/2004) Architecture of Ethernet layer networks
G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework
G.8011.1 Ethernet private line service

G.8011.2 Ethernet virtual private line service

G.Imp8011 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.8011/Y.1307 (08/2004) - Ethernet
over Transport - Ethernet services framework
G.Imp8011.1 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.8011.1/Y.1307.1 (08/2004) Ethernet private line service
G.Imp8011.2 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.8011.2/Y.1307.2 (09/2005) Ethernet virtual private line service
G.8012 Ethernet UNI and Ethernet NNI
G.Imp8012 Implementers Guide for ITU-T Rec. G.8012/Y.1308 (08/2004) - Ethernet
UNI and Ethernet NNI
G.802 Characteristics of Ethernet transport network equipment functional blocks
G.8031
Ethernet
linear
G.8032 Ethernet ring protection switching

protection

switching

G.8040 GFP frame mapping into Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

G.8051 Management aspects of the Ethernet-over-Transport (EoT) capable network
element
G.8080 Architecture for the automatically switched optical network (ASON)
G.Imp8080 Implementers' Guide
G.8081 Terms and definitions for Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON)
G.8101 Terms and Definitions for Transport MPLS
G.8110 MPLS layer network architecture
G.8110.1 Architecture of Transport MPLS (T-MPLS) layer network
G.8112 Interfaces for the Transport MPLS (T-MPLS) hierarchy
G.8121 Characteristics of Transport MPLS (T-MPLS) equipment functional blocks
G.8131 Linear protection switching for Transport MPLS (T-MPLS) networks
G.8151 Management aspects of the T-MPLS network element
G.8201 Error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator international
paths within the Optical Transport Network (OTN)
G.8251 The control of jitter and wander within the optical transport network (OTN)
G.8261 Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks

G.8262 Timing characteristics of synchronous ethernet equipment slave clock (EEC)

G.8264 Distribution of timing information through packet networks
G.8601 Architecture of service management in multi-bearer, multi-carrier environment
G.9970 Generic Home Network Transport Architecture
G.Sup39 Optical system design and engineering considerations
G.Sup42 Guide on the use of the ITU-T Recommendations related to optical
technology
G.Sup43 Transport of IEEE 10GBASE-R in optical transport networks (OTN)
G.Sup44 Test plan to verify B-PON Interoperability
G.Sup45 GPON power conservation
G.Sup46 G-PON PHY/TC Interoperability Test Plan

L series recommended standard specificaions :

L series: Environment and ICTs, climate change, e-waste, energy efficiency;
construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

L.1: Construction, installation and protection of telecommunication

cables in public networks

L.2: Impregnation of
wooden poles

L.3: Armouring of
cables

L.4: Aluminium cable

sheaths

L.5: Cable sheaths made of metals other than

lead or aluminium

L.6: Methods of keeping cables under

gas pressure

L.7: Application of joint cathodic

protection

L.8: Corrosion caused by

alternating current

L.9: Methods of terminating metallic

cable conductors

L.10: Optical fibre cables for duct and

tunnel application

L.11: Joint use of tunnels by pipelines and telecommunication cables, and the
standardization of underground duct plans

L.12: Optical fibre

splices

L.13: Performance requirements for passive optical nodes: Sealed closures

for outdoor environments

L.14: Measurement method to determine the tensile performance of

optical fibre cables under load

Withdrawn: L.15: Optical local distribution networks Factors to be

considered for their construction

L.17: Implementation of connecting customers into the public switched telephone

network (PSTN) via optical fibres

L.18: Sheath closures for terrestrial copper

telecommunication cables

L.19: Multi-pair copper network cable supporting shared multiple services

such as POTS, ISDN and xDSL

L.20: Creation of a fire security code for

telecommunication facilities

L.21: Fire detection and alarm systems, detector

and sounder devices

L.22: Fire
protection

L.23: Fire extinction Classification and location of fire extinguishing installations

and equipment on premises

L.24: Classification of outside

plant waste

L.25: Optical fibre cable network

maintenance

L.26: Optical fibre cables for aerial

application

L.27: Method for estimating the concentration of hydrogen

in optical fibre cables

L.28: External additional protection for marinized

terrestrial cables

L.29: As-laid report and maintenance/repair log for marinized

terrestrial cable installation

L.30: Markers on marinized

terrestrial cables

L.31: Optical fibre

attenuators

L.32: Protection devices for through-cable penetrations of

fire-sector partitions

L.33: Periodic control of fire extinction devices in

telecommunication buildings

L.34: Installation of Optical Fibre Ground Wire

(OPGW) cable

L.35: Installation of optical fibre cables in the

access network

L.36: Single-mode fibre optic

connectors

L.37: Optical branching components (nonwavelength selective)

L.38: Use of trenchless techniques for the construction of underground infrastructures for
telecommunication cable installation

L.39: Investigation of the soil before using

trenchless techniques

L.40: Optical fibre outside plant maintenance support,

monitoring and testing system

L.41: Maintenance wavelength on fibres

carrying signals

Withdrawn: L.42: Extending optical fibre solutions into

the access network

L.43: Optical fibre cables for buried

application

L.44: Electric power supply for equipment

installed as outside plant

L.45: Minimizing the effect on the environment from the outside plant in
telecommunication networks

L.46: Protection of telecommunication cables and plant

from biological attack

L.47: Access facilities using hybrid

fibre/copper networks

L.48: Mini-trench installation

technique

L.49: Micro-trench installation

technique

L.50: Requirements for passive optical nodes: Optical distribution frames for
central office environments

L.51: Passive node elements for fibre optic networks General principles and definitions for
characterization and performance evaluation

Withdrawn: L.52: Deployment of Passive Optical

Networks (PON)

L.53: Optical fibre maintenance criteria for

access networks

L.54: Splice closure for marinized terrestrial

cables (MTC)

L.55: Digital database for marine cables

and pipelines

L.56: Installation of optical fibre cables

along railways

L.57: Air-assisted installation of optical

fibre cables

L.58: Optical fibre cables: Special needs for

access network

L.59: Optical fibre cables for indoor

applications

L.60: Construction of optical/metallic

hybrid cables

L.61: Optical fibre cable installation by

floating technique

L.62: Practical aspects of unbundling services by multiple operators in

copper access networks

L.63: Safety procedures for outdoor

installations

L.64: ID tag requirements for infrastructure and network

elements management

Withdrawn: L.65: Optical fibre distribution of

access networks

L.66: Optical fibre cable maintenance criteria for in-service fibre

testing in access networks

L.67: Small count optical fibre cables for

indoor applications

L.68: Optical fibre cable maintenance support, monitoring and testing system for optical fibr
networks carrying high total optical power

L.69: Personal digital assistant requirements and relevant data structure for infrastructure
and network elements management

L.70: Managing active electronics in the

outside plant

L.71: Design, construction, and installation of network cables for broadband access including
networks connected to optical fibre networks

L.72: Databases for optical access network

infrastructure

L.73: Methods for inspecting and repairing

underground plastic ducts

L.74: Maintenance of cable

tunnels

L.75: Test, acceptance and maintenance methods of

copper subscriber pairs

L.76: Copper loop requirements for various technologies including

indoor and structured cabling

L.77: Installation of optical fibre cables

inside sewer ducts

L.78: Optical fibre cable construction for sewer

duct applications

L.79: Optical fibre cable elements for microduct blowinginstallation application

L.80: Operations support system requirements for infrastructure and network elements
management using ID techonology

L.81: Monitoring systems for outside

plant facilities

L.82: Optical cabling shared with multiple

operators in buildings

L.83: Low impact trenching technique for

FTTx networks

L.84: Fast mapping of

underground networks

L.85: Optical fibre identification for the maintenance of

optical access networks

L.86: Considerations on the installation site of branching components in passive optical

networks for fibre to the home

L.87: Optical fibre cables for drop

applications

L.88: Management of poles carrying overhead

telecommunication lines

L.89: Design of suspension wires, telecommunication poles and guy-lines

for optical access networks

L.90: Optical access network topologies for

broadband services

L.92: Disaster management for outside

plant facilities

L.93: Optical fibre cable maintenance support, monitoring and testing systems
for optical fibre trunk networks

L.94: Use of global navigation satellite systems to create a

referenced network map

L.1000: Universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile terminals and
other hand-held ICT devices

L.1001: External universal power adapter solutions for stationary information and
communication technology devices

L.1005: Test suites for assessment of the universal

charger solution

L.1010: Green battery solutions for mobile phones and other hand-held information and
communication technology devices

L.1100: Procedure for recycling rare metals in information and

communication technology goods

L.1101: Measurement methods to characterize rare metals in information and

communication technology goods

L.1200: Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V at the input to

telecommunication and ICT equipment

L.1201: Architecture of power feeding systems

of up to 400 VDC

L.1202: Methodologies for evaluating the performance of an up to 400 VDC power feeding
system and its environmental impact

L.1300: Best practices for green

data centres

L.1301: Minimum data set and communication interface requirements for data
centre energy management

L.1302: Assessment of energy efficiency on infrastructure in data

centre and telecom centre

L.1310: Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for

telecommunication equipment

L.1320: Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and cooling equipment for
telecommunications and data centres

L.1321: Reference operational model and interface for improving energy

efficiency of ICT network hosts

L.1330: Energy efficiency measurement and metrics for

telecommunication networks

L.1340: Informative values on the energy efficiency of

telecommunication equipment

L.1400: Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental i
information and communication technologies

L.1410: Methodology for environmental life cycle assessments of information and communic
technology goods, networks and services

L.1420: Methodology for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions impact assessm
communication technologies in organizations

L.1430: Methodology for assessment of the environmental impact of information and commu
technology greenhouse gas and energy projects

L.1440: Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information and

communication technologies at city level

L.1500: Framework for information and communication technologies and adaptation

to the effects of climate change

L.1501: Best practices on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the
effects of climate change

L.1502: Adapting information and communication technology infrastructure to

the effects of climate change

L supplements: Supplements to ITU-T L-series

Recommendations