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Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

2nd International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environment and Natural Disaster
Management, ISOCEEN 2014

A Determination Analysis of Regional Maritime Boundary Based on

Regulation of Home Ministry Affair Number 76 in 2012 (Case Study:
Dispute of Galang Island Border between Surabaya and Gresik)
Khomsina, Ria Widiastutya, Teguh Fayakun Alifb, Eko Artantob
a

Departement of Geomatics Engineering, The Faculty of Planning and Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo,
bPusat

Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Pemetaan Batas Wilayah, Badan Informasi Geospasial, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract
By the end of 2012, Indonesia consists of 34 provinces, 422 regencies, and 98 cities. According to the decentralization policy as
stipulated by the Act No. 32/2004, infrastructure development becomes inevitable point. Sectors that highly increased are coastal
and marine development. Abundant natural resources in the coastal area drives investor to seek potential areas to develop.
However,most of local goverment still dont understand the act of administrative maritime boundary. Undeclared administrative
maritime boundary could cause conflict and obstruct the implementation of local government functions. If the border conflict is
not resolved soon,local government could lose local revenue (PAD) as well as decrease in civil services.
Delimitation of administrative maritime boundary is necessary in order to avoid overlapping authorithy of the rightsto manage area.
Administrative maritime boundary defined as resources management border in the sea which is represented by series of coordinate
point measure from the shorelines. Delimitation of administrative maritime boundary is well described in the Regulation of The
Minister of Home Affairs no 76 of 2012, especially in its appendix. This research aimed to determine administrative maritime
boundary in the vicinity of Surabaya and Gresik whereas an island formed from sedimentation process, identified as Galang Island.
This island has become the source of conflict between the two regions who claim the area.
Keywords: Administrative Maritime Boundary, Cartometric Method, Equidistance Line, Median Line, Regulation of Home Ministry Affair
Number 76 in 2012

* Corresponding author. Tel.: - ; fax: -.

E-mail address: riawidiastuty@gmail.com

1878-5220 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibilty of the Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.088

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1.

Introduction

Indonesian country has a territory with a total area of 8,292,983 square km and has abundant natural resources
on the land and sea (Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah BIG, 2012). Existing natural resources are not only has a positive
economic impact but also a negative impact on the nation if management procedure failure. To optimize the
management of the natural resources needed to ensure the right boundary and ownership of the government. Definitive
boundaries based on the provisions of the law plays an important role for governance, defense, security, license,
management of natural resources, and others.
Rules of no.4/2011 on Geospatial Information, Indonesia must use one a reference for mapping with Geodetic
Control Network and the base map. Clarity and firmness of bounderies very important in order to ensure the certainty
of authority, especially management and exploitation of natural resources, defense, security, social, cultural, and
technology.
Border of region is dividing the authority of a region to the other. Unclear it can lead to conflict in the border region
and obstruct government functions. If not resolved, can reduce of public services. Delimitation is devided in the land
and sea. Delimitation of sea areas is needed in order to avoid overlapping authority and conflicts in that area. One
example of the conflict seas delimitation is the city of Surabaya and Gresik. Between two regions, there is a small
island namely Galang Island.
Galang Island is no an island that was born in the past. The island is relatively small which arise by itself.
Occurred from Lamong river sedimentation since the 1960s. Previously there was no island in the region. With a
variety of potential Galang Island, now two cities claim each other legitimate Galang Island. From geographic
location, Galang islands is owned by the government of Surabaya, but Gresik government also claims it under the
pretext of having 3 certificates of ownership. Resolving problem, Galang island becamed to Province of East Java
government.
This research aims to establish delimitation sea boundaries between Surabaya and Gresik city using cartometric
method with existing data as well as the applicable law in Indonesia, in this case using the guidelines Ministry of
Internal Affairs No.76/2012.
2.

History of Galang Island

Historically, there is no previous Galang Island that evidenced by aerial photograph in 1969 was not appeared.
Starting from sedimentation carried by Lamong river since 1981 there was overgrown mangrove in the north coast
Benowo District of Surabaya, it is evident from the results of aerial photography in 1981. In 1989, aerial photograph
used again to identification it and became greater. The existence of Galang Island became clear though is still in the
form of vegetation like mangroves. Galang Island can only be occupied as local animal shelters birds and marine
habitats. Can be seen increasingly widening Galang Island in the 2002 aerial photograph.

Figure 1. Aeral Photograph of Galang Island in 1969

(Surabaya Governance,2003)

Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

Figure 2. Aeral Photograph of Galang Island in 1981

(Surabaya Governance,2003)

Figure 3. Mozaic Photograph of Galang Island in 1989

(Surabaya Governance,2003)

Figure 4. Aeral Photograph of Galang Island in 2002

(Surabaya Governance,2003)

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Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

3. Processing Data
Stages of processing data in this research below

S tart

C ollecting
M aps

C oastline in
2013
(*.shp)

R B I M aps
(T oponymy,
L and C over,
A dministration)
(*.shp)

L P I M aps in 2002
(1608-01, 160802,1608-03, 160804, 1608-04)
(R aster F ormat)

H igh
resolution
image of
G oogle E arth
(Geotiff)

C oastline
D igitization
D etermine
B asepoints

C onstruction of boundary line

with distance principle
Equidistance & Medianline
(U sing Autocad Map 3D 2013
C ircle - 3 P oints)

D raw a line

Overlay
Overlay

C onstruction of R egional M aritime B oundary

D ispute of G alang Island B order between S urabaya
and G resik
(U sing L ayout of C itra G oogle E arth)

M ap of R egional M aritime B oundary D ispute of

G alang Island B order between S urabaya and
G resik

M ap of A lternative M aritime
B oundary D ispute G alang Island
(If G alang Island C onsidered None)

M ap of A lternative M aritime
B oundary D ispute G alang Island
(If G alang Island F ifty-F ifty P ercent
between S urabaya and G resik)

M ap of A lternative M aritime
B oundary D ispute G alang Island
(If G alang Island being part of
S urabaya C ity C ompletely)

M ap of A lternative M aritime
B oundary D ispute G alang Island
(If G alang Island being P art of
G resik C ity C ompletely)

Overlay

V ast
D ifference

A nalysis of
R egional M aritime
B oundary

R eport

S top

Fig. 5. Procesing Data

Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

1.

Analyst Data

1.1. Results of Determination Cartometric

There are four alternative from dispute Galang Island between Surabaya and Gresik so four lists cartometric point
coordinates.
Explanation :
Coastline
Construction of delineation
Sea Border
Points of Cartometric

In the example image above results cartometrics point that formed

the boundary line of cartometrics dots. Cartometric point A is the
result of the withdrawal line of cartometrics dots from G (Gresik)
and S (Surabaya) with the equidistance method and the median line.
Fig. 6. Example of Determination Cartometric

1.2. Analysis of the Withdrawal of the Sea Boundary Using Equidistance and Median Line
In Fig. 7 is one of the withdrawal of the sea boundary with the median
line method, which is the median line between the mainland city of
Surabaya and Bangkalan. Determination of the two starting points are
the first point that determines the next point to form the center point
and then the midpoint of a line drawn form the median line.

Fig. 7. The Example of Withdrawal of the Sea

Boundary Using Median Line

In Fig. 8 is one of the withdrawal of the sea boundary with equidistance

method, namely the principle of equal distance between Surabaya and
Gresik. The dots are formed with the principle of equal distance 3
points, 3 points of intersection are connected and formed the boundary
line.

Fig. 8. The Example of Withdrawal of the Sea

Boundary Using Equidistance

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Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

1.3. Analysis Ownership of Galang Island based Withdrawal Border
x

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Considered None

The overall area of Galang Island
is 103.326 square m2, equivalent
to 10.3 acres. If Galang Island
considered none, then pulled the
sea border area and obtained
Galang Island for Surabaya City
is 83.091 m2 or 8.3 hectares and
20.234 square m2 or 2.0 acres for
Gresik city. These results
indicate that Galang Island is
divided
into
two
broad
ownership with those mentioned
above (80% ownership of
Surabaya and Gresik 20%
ownership). Thus will affect the
overall
ocean
management
boundary between Surabaya and
Gresik appropriate shown in Fig.
9.
Fig. 9. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Considered None

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Fifty-Fifty Percent between Surabaya and Gresik
The overall area of Galang Island
is 103.326 square m2, equivalent
to 10.3 acres. If Galang Island is
devided
fifty-fifty
percent
between Surabaya and Gresik
city then pulled the sea border
area, between Surabaya and
Gresik city have 51,663 squre m2
or 516 acres. Thus will affect the
overall
ocean
management
boundary between Surabaya and
Gresik appropriate shown in
Figure 10.

Fig. 10. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Fifty-Fifty Percent between Surabaya and Gresik

Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

x

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Surabaya City Completely

Galang Island entrance area of
Surabaya, so that a total area of
103.326 m2 being part of
Surabaya city completely. From
the Lamong river drawn sea
border area, then followed the
withdrawal of the sea boundary
with the option Galang Island
entrance area of Surabaya see in
Fig. 11.

Fig. 11. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Surabaya City Completely

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Gresik City Completely

Galang Island entrance area of
Gresik, so that a total area of
103.326 m2 being part of Gresik
city completely. From the Lamong
river drawn sea border area, then
followed the withdrawal of the sea
boundary with the option Galang
Island entrance area of Gresik.

Fig. 12. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being Part of Gresik City Completely

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Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

1.4. Analysis of Size Difference on Four Alternative Boundary
x

Alternative difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Divided Equally

Explanation :
Marine
management
area boundary line if Galang considered
no
Marine management area
boundary line if Galang divided equally
wide
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig. 13. Alternative difference if Galang Island is reputed none and divided equally

Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Entrance Area of Surabaya
Explanation :
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
considered no
Marine
management
area boundary line if Galang
Entrance Area of Surabaya
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig, 14. Alternative difference i if Galang Island is reputed none and entrance area of Surabaya

Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

x

Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Entrance Area of Gresik
Explanation :
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
considered no
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
Entrance Area of Gresik
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig. 15. Alternative difference if Galang Island is reputed none and entrance area of Gresik

Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Divided Equally and Entrance Area of Surabaya

Explanation :
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang divided
equally wide
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
Entrance Area of Surabaya
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig. 16. Alternative difference if Galang Island is divided equally and entrance area of Surabaya

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Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

x

Alternative difference if Galang Island is Divided Equally and Entrance Area Gresik
Explanation :
Marine
management
area boundary line if Galang divided
equally wide
Marine
management
area boundary line if Galang Entrance
Area Gresik
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig. 17. Alternative difference if Galang Island is divided equally and entrance area Gresik

Alternative Difference if Galang Island Entrance Area of Surabaya and Gresik

Explanation :
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
Entrance Area of Surabaya
Marine management
area boundary line if Galang
Entrance Area of Gresik
Vast difference in the
management of marine areas

Fig. 18. Alternative Difference if Galang Island Entrance Area of Surabaya and Gresik

Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

Difference in the management of marine areas generated by four alternative boundary marine management areas
can be seen on table below.
Table 1. Comparison Area Regional Differences in Four Alternatives

Alternative
Boundary

Galang Island
Considered None

Galang Island
Considered None

Galang Island
Fifty-Fifty
Percent between
Surabaya and
Gresik

Galang Island
being Part of
Gresik City
Completely

1.080.284,014 m2 1.377.218,093 m2 2.404.923,824 m2

(108,0 ha)

Galang Island
Fifty-Fifty Percent
1.080.284,014 m2
between Surabaya
(108,0 ha)
and Gresik
Galang Island
being part of
Surabaya City
Completely
Galang Island
being Part of
Gresik City
Completely

Galang Island
being part of
Surabaya City
Completely

(137,7 ha)

2.422.893,513 m2 2.794.685,016 m2
(242,3 ha)

1.377.218,093 m2 2.422.893,513 m2
(137,7 ha)

(240,5 ha)

(279,5 ha)

3.782.140,839 m2

(242,3 ha)

(378,2 ha)

2.404.923,824 m2 2.794.685,016 m2 3.782.140,839 m2

(240,5 ha)

(279,5 ha)

(378,2 ha)

2. Conclusion
Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that:
1. All alternatives of delineation will change overall management of marine areas, especially between the City of
Surabaya and Gresik, because Galang Island has principle marine management for them.
2. Comparison difference in the management of marine areas in the four alternatives show that once the effect of
the establishment and management of marine demarcation related areas Galang Island for both parties related to
the management of the resources of the sea and everything underneath.
References
1. Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah. 2012. Laporan Tahunan Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah 2012. Bogor : Badan Informasi Geospasial
2. Republik Indonesia. 2004. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Jakarta.
3. Sub Bagian Perkotaan Bagian Pemerintahan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. 2003. Bahan Kajian Penyelesaian Masalah Pulau Galang Antara Kota
Surabaya dengan Kabupaten Gresik : Arsip Bagian Pemerintahan Kota Surabaya. Surabaya

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