ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Task 2 : Challenge
PROBLEM 1
Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

172.30.1.33
255.255.0.0

Network address.

Step 1 : Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation.

172
IP Address
Subnet Mask

10101100
11111111
255

30
00011110
11111111
255

33

00000001
00000000
0

00100001
00000000
0

Remember these value number :

20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128

NOTE : 1 AND 1 results in a 1 ; 0

AND anything else result in a 0.

First, take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octect (172) . And here the
calculation to find the first octect .
172 128 = 44
44 32 = 12
12 8 = 4
44=0
The number 1 to the values used to subtract the octect and 0 for the ones not used.
128
1

64
0

32
1

16
0

8
1

4
1

2
0

1
0

Now , we know that decimal number for first octect of 172 is 10101100 that had been converted
into binary form. To double check the calculation , we take the values that assigned with 1 and add
them all like this : 128+32+8+4 = 172
2nd octect (30)

30 16 = 14
14 8 = 6
64=2
22=0
128
0

64
0

32
0

16
1

8
1

4
1

2
1

1
0

The Binary notation for the number 30 is 00011110. (16+8+4+2=32)

3rd Octect (1)
1-1 =0
128
0

64
0

32
0

16
0

8
0

4
0

2
0

1
1

8
0

4
0

2
0

1
1

Binary notation for the number 1 is 00000001.

4th octect (33)
33 32 = 1
11=0
128
0

64
0

32
1

16
0

Binary notation for the number 33 is 00100001. (32+1=33)

The IP address of 172.30.1.33 in binary form is :
10101100.00011110.00000001.00100001

Network Mask

Repeat the same way that we use for the IP address to convert to the Network Mask into
binary notation.

172
IP Address
Subnet Mask

10101100
11111111
255

30
00011110
11111111
255

33

00000001
00000000
0

00100001
00000000
0

1st octect (255)

255 128 = 127
127 64 = 63
63 32 = 31
31 16 = 15
15 8 = 7
74=3
32=1
11=0
128
1

64
1

32
1

16
1

8
1

4
1

2
1

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255)

2nd octect (255)
255 128 = 127
127 64 = 63
63 32 = 31
31 16 = 15
15 8 = 7
74=3
32=1
11=0

1
1

128
1

64
1

32
1

16
1

8
1

4
1

2
1

1
1

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (0)

128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).
4th Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

So the Network Mask 255.255.0.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask
(1 AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).

IP Address

10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

Network Mask

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Network Address

10101100

00011110

00000000

00000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).

128

64

32

16

the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 8 + 4 +2 = 30
3rd Octet
=0
4th Octet
=0
Therefore, the Network Address is 172.30.0.0.

Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network Mask; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).
Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Network Address

10101100

00011110

00000000

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Broadcast Address

10101100

00011110

11111111

11111111

Bit-wise OR operation

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 8 + 4 +2 = 30
3rd Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 172.30.255.255.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the binary notation), we can
determine the total number of usable hosts for this network. (Use the wildcard in binary
notation)
1

2
14

3
15

4
16

10

11

12

13

1
1

1
1

1
1

Host Bits: 16
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
216 - 2 = 65,536 - 2
= 65,534 (Maximum number of Hosts).
Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 172.30.1.33

Network Mask

= 255.255.0.0

Network Address

= 172.30.0.0

Network Broadcast Address =

Total Number of Host Bits = 16
Number of Hosts = 65,534

172.30.255.255.

PROBLEM 2

Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

172.30.1.33
255.255.255.0

Network Address
Step 1 : Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation.

172
IP Address
Subnet Mask

30

10101100
11111111
255

00011110
11111111
255

33

00000001
11111111
255

00100001
00000000
0

Remember these value number :

20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128

NOTE : 1 AND 1 results in a 1 ; 0

AND anything else result in a 0.

Take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octet (172)
172 - 128 = 44
44 - 32 = 12
12 - 8 = 4
4-4=0
Assign the number "1" to the values used to subtract the octet and "0" for the ones not used.
128

64

32

16

So now we know that a decimal number 172 is 10101100 converted to binary form. To
double check, we take the values assigned with 1 and add them together: 128+32+8+4=172
2nd octet (30)
30 - 16 = 14
14 - 8 = 6
6-4=2
2-2=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 30 is 00011110. (16+8+2=32)

3rd Octet (1)
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 1 is 00000001. (1)

4th octet (33)

33 - 32 = 1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 33 is 00100001. (32+1=33)

So the IP address of 172.30.1.33 has its binary form equivalent of:
10101100.00011110.00000001.00100001

Network Mask
Repeat the same procedure used for the IP address to convert the Network Mask into binary
notation.
1st Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

2nd Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (255)

255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111

4th Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

So the Network Mask 255.255.255.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask (1
AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).
IP Address

10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

Network Address

10101100

00011110

00000001

00000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 8 + 4 +2 = 30
3rd Octet
1
4th Octet
0
Therefore, the Network Address is 172.30.1.0.

Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network address; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).

Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Network Address

10101100

00011110

00000001

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

00000000

11111111

Broadcast Address

10101100

00011110

00000001

11111111

Bit-wise OR operation

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 8 + 4 +2 = 30
3rd Octet
1
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 172.30.1.255.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the binary notation), we can
determine the total number of usable hosts for this network. (Use the Wildcard in binary
notation)
1

Host Bits: 8
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
28 - 2 = 256 - 2
= 254 (Maximum number of Hosts).
Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 172.30.1.33

Network Mask

= 255.255.255.0

Network Address = 172.30.1.0

Network Broadcast Address =
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

= 254

=8

172.30.1.255.

PROBLEM 3
Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

192.168.10.234
255.255.255.0

Network address.

Step 1 : Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation.

192
IP Address
Subnet Mask

11000000
11111111
255
Remember these value number :

168

10

10101000
11111111
255

00001010
11111111
255

20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128

234
11101010
00000000
0

NOTE : 1 AND 1 results in a 1 ; 0

AND anything else result in a 0.

Take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octet (172)
192 - 128 = 64
64 - 64 = 0
Assign the number "1" to the values used to subtract the octet and "0" for the ones not used.
128

64

32

16

So now we know that a decimal number 172 is 11000000 converted to binary form. To
double check, we take the values assigned with 1 and add them together: 128+64=192

2nd octet (168)

168 - 128 = 40
40 - 32 = 8
8-8=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 30 is 10101000. (16+8+2=32)

3rd Octet (10)
10 - 8 = 2
2-2=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 1 is 00001010. (8 + 2 = 10)

4th octet (234)

234 - 128 = 106
106 - 64 = 42
42 - 32 = 10
10 - 8 = 2
2-2=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 33 is 11101010. (128+64+32+8+2=234)

So the IP address of 172.30.1.33 has its binary form equivalent of:
11000000.10101000.00001010.11101010

Network Mask
Repeat the same procedure used for the IP address to convert the Network Mask into binary
notation.
1st Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

2nd Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (255)

255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111

4th Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

So the Network Mask 255.255.255.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask (1
AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).
IP Address

11000000

10101000

00001010

11101010

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00001010

00000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
3rd Octet
8 + 2 = 10
4th Octet
0
Therefore, the Network Address is 192.168.10.0.

Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network Mask; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).
Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

00000000

11111111

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00001010

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

00000000

11111111

Broadcast Address

11000000

10101000

00001010

11111111

Bit-wise OR operation

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
3rd Octet
8 + 2 = 10
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 192.168.10.255.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the binary notation), we can
determine the total number of usable hosts for this network. (Use the Wildcard in binary
notation)
1

Host Bits: 8
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
28 - 2 = 256 - 2
= 254 (Maximum number of Hosts).
Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 192.168.10.234

Network Mask

= 255.255.255.0

Network Address

= 192.168.10.0

Network Broadcast Address = 192.168.10.255

Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

= 254

=8

PROBLEM 4
Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

172.17.99.71
255.255.0.0

Network Address

172
IP Address
Network Mask

17

10101100
11111111
255

00011110
11111111
255

99

71

01100011
00000000
0

01000111
00000000
0

Remember these value number :

20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128

NOTE : 1 AND 1 results in a 1 ; 0

AND anything else result in a 0.

Take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octet (172)
172 - 128 = 44
44 - 32 = 12
12 - 8 = 4
4 - 4 = 12
Assign the number "1" to the values used to subtract the octet and "0" for the ones not used.
128

64

32

16

So now we know that a decimal number 172 is 10101100 converted to binary form. To
double check, we take the values assigned with 1 and add them together: 128+32+8+4=172

2nd octet (17)

17 - 16 = 1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 30 is 00010001. (16+1=17)

3rd Octet (99)
99 - 64 = 35
35 - 32 = 3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 1 is 01100011. (64+32+2+1 = 99)

4th octet (71)

71 - 64 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 33 is 01000111. (64+4+2+1=234)

So the IP address of 172.30.1.33 has its binary form equivalent of:

10101100.00010001.01100011.01000111
Network Mask
Repeat the same procedure used for the IP address to convert the Network Mask into binary
notation.
1st Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

2nd Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111

4th Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

So the Network Mask 255.255.0.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask (1
AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).
IP Address

10101100

00010001

01100011

01000011

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Network Address

10101100

00010001

00000000

00000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 +4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 1 = 17
3rd Octet
0
4th Octet
0
Therefore, the Network Address is 172.17.0.0.
Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network Mask; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).
Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

10101100

00010001

00000000

00000000

Bit-wise OR operation
Network Address

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Broadcast Address

10101100

00010001

11111111

11111111

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 32 + 8 +4 = 172
2nd Octet
16 + 1 = 17
3rd Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 172.17.255.255.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the binary notation), we can
determine the total number of usable hosts for this network. (Use the Wildcard in binary
notation)
1

2
14

3
15

4
16

10

11

12

13

1
1

1
1

1
1

Host Bits: 16
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
216 - 2 = 65,536 - 2
= 65,534 (Maximum number of Hosts).
Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 172.17.99.71

Network Mask

= 255.255.0.0

Network Address

= 192.17.0.0

Network Broadcast Address = 192.168.255.255

Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

65,534

= 16

PROBLEM 5
Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

192.168.3.219
255.255.0.0

Network Address

192
IP Address
Subnet Mask

168

11000000
11111111
255

10101000
11111111
255

00000011
00000000
0

219
11011011
00000000
0

Remember these value number :

20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128
1

NOTE : 1 AND 1 results in a 1 ; 0

AND anything else result in a 0.

Take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octet (172)
192 - 128 = 64
64 - 64 = 0
Assign the number "1" to the values used to subtract the octet and "0" for the ones not used.
128

64

32

16

So now we know that a decimal number 172 is 11000000 converted to binary form. To
double check, we take the values assigned with 1 and add them together: 128+64=192

2nd octet (168)

168 - 128 = 40
40 - 32 = 8
8-8=0

128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 30 is 10101000. (128+32+8=168)

3rd Octet (3)
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 1 is 00000011. (2+1 = 3)

4th octet (219)
219 - 128 = 91
91 - 64 = 27
27 - 16 = 11
11 - 8 = 3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 33 is 11011011. (128+64+16+8+2+1=219)

So the IP address of 172.30.1.33 has its binary form equivalent of:

11000000.10101000.00000011.11011011

Network Mask
Repeat the same procedure used for the IP address to convert the Network Mask into binary
notation.
1st Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

2nd Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).
4th Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 0 is 00000000 (Since there is no number to subtract from 0
so, automatically the answer is 00000000).

So the Network Mask 255.255.0.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask (1
AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).

IP Address

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00000000

00000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
3rd Octet
0
4th Octet
0
Therefore, the Network Address is 192.168.0.0.

Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network Mask; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).
Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00000000

00000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

Broadcast Address

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

Bit-wise OR operation

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
3rd Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 192.168.255.255.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the broadcast address the last
octect in binary notation), we can determine the total number of usable hosts for this
network. (Use the Wildcard in binary notation)
1

2
14

3
15

4
16

10

11

12

13

1
1

1
1

1
1

Host Bits: 16
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
216 - 2 = 65,536 - 2
= 65,534 (Maximum number of Hosts).

Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 192.168.3.219

Network Mask

= 255.255.0.0

Network Address

= 192.168.0.0

Network Broadcast Address = 192.168.255.255

Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

= 16

= 65,534

PROBLEM 6
Host IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast Address
Total Number of Host Bits
Number of Hosts

192.168.3.219
255.255.255.224

Network Address

192
IP Address
Subnet Mask

11000000
11111111
255

168
10101000
11111111
255

3
00000011
11111111
255

219
11011011
11100000
224

Take the IP address 172.30.1.33 and start with the 1st octet (172)
172 128 =44
44 - 32 = 12
12 - 8 = 4
44=0
Assign the number "1" to the values used to subtract the octet and "0" for the ones not used.
128

64

32

16

So now we know that a decimal number 172 is 10101100 converted to binary form. To
double check, we take the values assigned with 1 and add them together: (128+32+8+4 =
172 )

2nd octet (168)

168 - 128 = 40
40 - 32 = 8
8-8=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 30 is 10101000. (128+32+8=168)

3rd Octet (3)
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 1 is 00000011. (2+1 = 3)

4th octet (219)

219 - 128 = 91
91 - 64 = 27
27 - 16 = 11
11 - 8 = 3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 33 is 11011011. (128+64+16+8+2+1=219)

So the IP address of 172.30.1.33 has its binary form equivalent of:
11000000.10101000.00000011.11011011
Network Mask
Repeat the same procedure used for the IP address to convert the Network Mask into binary
notation.
1st Octet (255)
255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

2nd Octet (255)

255 - 128 = 127
127 - 64 = 63
63 - 32 = 31
31 - 16 = 15
15 - 8 = 7
7-4=3
3-2=1
1-1=0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111. (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

3rd Octet (0)
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 255 is 11111111

4th Octet (224)

224 - 128 = 96
96 - 64 = 32
32 - 32 = 0
128

64

32

16

Binary notation for the number 224 is 11100000

So the Network Mask 255.255.0.0 has its binary form equivalent of:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Network Address
Perform a bit-wise AND (Logical AND Gate) operation on the IP address and subnet mask (1
AND 1 results in 1; 1 AND 0 results in a 0).
IP Address

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

11111111

11100000

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00000011

11000000

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Network
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
3rd Octet
2+1=3

4th Octet
128 + 64 = 192
Therefore, the Network Address is 192.168.3.192.

Broadcast Address
To find the broadcast address, use the network address and the wildcard (inverse of
Network Mask; 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1) and perform a bit-wise OR (Logical OR
Gate) operation (1 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 1 results in 1; 0 OR 0 results in a 0).
Network Mask (Original)

11111111

11111111

11111111

11100000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

00000000

00011111

Network Address

11000000

10101000

00000011

11000000

Wildcard

00000000

00000000

00000000

00011111

Broadcast Address

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011111

Bit-wise OR operation

Use the method in converting the IP Address and Network Mask to convert the Broadcast
Address into decimals (Reversed; adding the numbers instead of subtracting).
128

64

32

16

For the 1st Octet

128 + 64 = 192
2nd Octet
128 + 32 + 8 = 168

3rd Octet
2+1=3
4th Octet
128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 223
Therefore, the Broadcast Address is 192.168.3.223.

Total Number of Host Bits and Usable Hosts.

By counting the number of host bits (The number of"1's" in the binary notation), we can
determine the total number of usable hosts for this network. (Use the Wildcard in binary
notation)
1

Host Bits: 5
Using the formula 2n - 2 (n = Number of Bits) we can deduce the total number of usable
hosts.
25 - 2 = 32 - 2
= 30 (Maximum number of Hosts).
Now that we have all the data, fill in the table given.
Host IP Address

= 192.168.3.219

Network Mask

=255.255.225.224

Network Address

= 192.168.3.192

Network Broadcast Address =192.168.3.223

Total Number of Host Bits = 5
Number of Hosts

= 30