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Design Equations for Flexural Strengthening of Singly

Reinforced RC Rectangular Section with Steel Plates


Tamer Alafandy1, Magdy Bakry2, Amr Nafi2, Ayman Summra2
1

Housing and Building National Research Center, Concrete Structures Institute


2

Civil Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University

Abstract:
It is a common practice to strengthen and/or repair RC beam/slab with
bonded steel plate to increase/restore its carrying capacity in flexure. This method is
preferred than FRP application because of its low cost and higher ductility.
However, scarce number of technical articles that give closed form solution for
getting steel plate thickness and almost there is no available articles that give
explicit equation for determining anchor bolts force and their method of design.
In this paper closed form closed form solutions for required steel plate area
and anchor bolts force have been given All practical aspects of steep plate with,
thickness, plate width/ thickness ratio limits and also limit on neutral axis depth
have been considered. Methods of designing anchor bolts will be given later on.
Three design equations for getting steel plate area and two equations for getting
anchor bolts force are explicitly cited.
1- Analysis of steel plated reinforced rectangular section:
According to ACI 318 014, Ref. (1), the total amount of steel in a singly
reinforced section should not exceed 0.75
=

< 0.75

-1-

, i.e.

Referring to Fig. 1

0.85

a = Asfy + Ap fyp

(2)

From (2)

From (1), (3)

(4)

-2-

Solving (4) Gives AP

Substituting in (3) gives a


Taking into consideration that

2- Simplified Equation for Area of Steel Plate


A simplified equation can be used for getting area of steel used for getting
area of steel plate

as follows (Spanish practice, Ref. (2))

3- Ductility Requirement for Steel Plate


According to Ref. (3) for ensuring ductile & flexural failure, the following
conditions should be satisfied

(8)

-3-

c/

= 0.4

also,

4- Anchor Bolts Force


Taking moment at the interface of anchor bolts with RC section

From forces equilibrium

From (12) in (11)

-4-

(14)

)+

)=0

A T2anchor + B T anchor + C = 0

(16)
(17)
(18)

5- Simplified Equation for Anchor Bolts Force


The authors suggest the following simple equation for getting anchor bolts force
utilizing Spanish practice Ref. (2).

6- Example
Data from Ref. (1)
b = 25 cm
= 275 kg/ cm2
Cover = 5 cm

h = 45 cm
fy = 4150 kg/cm2

fyp = 2490 kg/cm2

d1 = 40 cm

d2 = 47 cm
As = 6 cm2

Mu = 21.87 tm

-5-

a) From ref. (1)

a = 9.5 cm

= 12.71 cm2

Tanchor = 21.6 ton

b) By proposed equations
A =19058
From eqn.

B= 606197

C= 1123337
= 12.71 cm2

(4)

from eqn. (3)

a = 9.5 cm
= 12.789 cm2

from eqn. (6)


from eqn. (7)
cb =

Take c = 0.3
a= 0.8 0.3

= 0.24 40 = 9.6 cm

= 12.53 cm2

230/6 = 38.3 < 50


c) Anchor Bolts Force

From equations (16) - (18)

arevised = 3.06 in = 7.7724 cm (same as Ref. (1))


x = 9.7155 cm
From equation (19)

-6-

Conclusion :
Several equations based on first principles of design of singly rectangular cross
section have been developed .
Equations (4),(6) and (7) can be used for getting area of steel plate and and give
practically identical values .while equations (16),(18) and (19) can be used be to
give shear force in anchor bolts and they also practically give identical values.
Symbols:
= actual reinforcement ratio
= existing steel rebar ratio
=steel plate rein forcement ratio

7- References:
1- C M foley et al., "Strengthening existing reinforced concrete beams for
flexure using bolted external structural steel channels, Jan., 1998., Marquette
University, USA
2- 2- Juan Perez Valcarcel Refuerzos Metalicos en Hormigon Armado 2014
3- Awadh E Ajeel et al Replacing of Internal Tension Bars by External Bonded
Plate Jn., of Eng. & Devlop., vol. 15, No. 3, Sept 2011.
4- Rehabcon, Annex K, Strengthening of Concrete Structures
Externally Bonded Steel Plates, 20000

-7-

using

5- Ashraf A. Alfeehan, Strengthening Of R.C. Beams By External Steel Plate


Using Mechanical Connection Technique Journal of Engineering and
Development, Vol. 18, No.2, March 2014
6-

Figure1: ultimate forces acting on plated beam section

-8-

Figure 2 : condition of balanced loads

-9-

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