Acknowledgement

The in-plant training opportunity I had with Span Engineering (Pvt) Ltd. was a great chance
for learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual
as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it.
Further, I extremely grateful to the Director Miss.J.H.Ariyarathna, & Advanced Technological
Institute-Colombo-15 and the lectures of Civil engineering department who endowed me to form a
basic foundation in the field of Civil engineering. Without this basic foundation it could be
impossible to reap the full benefits of the in-plant training program.
I am also conveying my sincere thanks to the NAITA who gave me this golden opportunity to gain a
significant practical knowledge in the field of Civil engineering. I especially pay my gratitude to
the Training in Charger and all other Staff Members of NAITA who helped me.

Bearing in mind previous I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and special
thanks to the Director of Span Engineering (Pvt) Ltd. who in spite of being extraordinarily busy
with his duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing me to
carry out my training at their esteemed organization and extending during the training.
I express my deepest thanks to Miss.N.Nitharsana, Site Engineer for taking part in useful decision
& giving necessary advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make life easier. I choose this
moment to acknowledge her contribution gratefully. Also I would like to offer my grateful to all
other Staffs and Laborers of above working site.

Finally I would like to thank Colleagues and officers who gave me invaluable support,
encouragement, supervision and continuous support to complete this report in a successful manner.
Y.M.Anfas
ATI/MK/HNDE(C)/E/F/2013/043
Department of Civil Engineering
Advanced Technological Institute
2

Colombo-15

Preface
The primary objective of industrial training program is to overcome such problems faced by
a graduate, and to build up a sound appreciation and understanding of the theoretical principles
learnt as an undergraduate, by exposing them to the industrial environment while being an
undergraduate. It is oriented towards developing the skills, knowledge and attitudes needed to make
an effective start as a member of the engineering profession.
This report presents a brief presentation on gained; technical know-how, experiences, customer
interaction, challenges, achievements and failures during my Industrial training. I was placed at
Span Engineering (Pvt) Ltd, for duration of 24 weeks commencing from 19th February 2003.
It is a good opportunity to experience practical industrial environment, work discipline, team work,
time management, quality controlling and to obtain a clear understanding of the theoretical
knowledge which I was able to gain in the ATI. Also In my period of training, I got the freedom to
observe, refer and explore the civil engineering process.
During this period, received enormous encouragement as well as a huge co-operation from
everyone in my training place. Without this guidance and co-operation, most probably I would not
be able to complete the stuff that I have presented hear. I did enjoy the every moment that I have
spent at my training place.
After the completion of industrial training for 24 weeks successfully, I was able to prepare this
training report to represent my training experience. I have included all the practical experience that I
have gained throughout this training session, also the technical knowledge, technical details and
specifications which is related to Civil Engineering.
I have tried my best to make sure that all the information are in detail and accurate. My intention is
to provide a good idea about my practical experience from the construction site and to satisfy the
requirements of the inspection officer or reader who will be evaluating my training experience to
complete my HNDE program successfully.

Contents
Identification data
Acknowledgement
Preface
Contents
List of figures
List of tables

I
II
III
IV-VII
VIII-IX
X

Chapter-01

01 - 12

1.0 Introduction

01

1.1 Introduction about the establishment

01

1.1.1 Establishment details

01

1.1.2 Vision

02

1.1.3 Mission

02

1.1.4 Goals

02

1.1.5 Organization chart

02

1.1.6 Management style

03

1.1.7 Leaves for employees

03

1.1.8 EPF & ETF

03

1.2 Site Management

04

1.2.1 Labour management

04

1.2.2 Site documents

05

1.3 Introduction about the Project

06

1.3.1 Span Tower 14

06

1.3.2 Project details

06

1.3.3 Site location

06

1.3.4 Typical floor Plans

07

1.3.5 Standard features

08

1.3.6 Finishes and fittings

08
4

1.4 Site safety

08

1.4.1 Common type of accidents at Site

08

1.4.2 Precautions of accidents

08

1.4.3 Safety equipments

09

Chapter-02

11 - 49

2.0 Training experiences

11

2.1 Formwork

11

2.1.1 Materials used in formwork

11

2.1.2 Formwork for columns

12

2.1.3 Formwork for beams

13

2.1.4 Formwork for slab

14

2.1.5 Formwork for walls

16

2.1.7 Removal periods of formwork

17

2.2 Reinforcement

18

2.2.1 Types of reinforcement bars

18

2.2.2 Identification of bars from drawing

18

2.2.3 Bar bending schedule

18

2.2.4 Cutting and bending of reinforcement

19

2.2.5 Placing and tying of the reinforcement

20

2.2.6 Reinforcement arrangement of beam and slab

22

2.2.7 Reinforcement arrangement of columns

23

2.2.8 Checking of reinforcement

24

2.3 Concrete works

24

2.3.1 Concrete

24

2.3.2 Grade of concrete

25

2.3.3 Factors to be considered before concreting

25

2.3.4 Mixing of concrete

25

2.3.5 Ready mixed concrete

25

2.3.6 Procedure of concreting

26

2.3.7 Field test on concrete

27

2.3.8 Curing process of Concrete

29

2.4.9 Defects on Concrete

30

2.4.10 Problems and experiences were encountered

31

2.4 Levelling

31

2.4.1 Automatic dumpy level

31

2.4.2 Marking level line in columns

32

2.4.3 Automatic Laser level

33

2.5 Brick work

33

2.5.1 Classification of walls

33

2.5.2 Setting out for brickwork

34

2.5.3 Procedure of brick laying

34

2.5.4 Types of brick bonds

34

2.5.5 Supervision of brickwork

35

2.5.6 Placement of lintels

36

2.5.7 Problems and experiences were encountered

37

2.6 Plastering work

37

2.6.1 Preparation of Mortar

37

2.6.2 Procedure of plastering the wall

38

2.6.3 Defects in plastering

39

2.6.4 Problems and experiences were encountered

41

2.7 Water proofing

41

2.7.1 Procedure of water proofing

41

2.8 Tiling work

43

2.8.1 Tile bed laying

43

2.8.2 Setting out for tiling (tile line marking)

43

2.8.3 Tile laying

45

2.8.4 Tile grouting

46
6

2.8.5 Checking quality of tiling work

47

2.8.6 Tools used for tiling works

47

2.8.7 Problems and experiences were encountered

48

2.9 Problems and that were faced in our site

49

Chapter-03

50 - 51

Conclusion

50

References

51

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1.1 Logo of establishment
Figure 1.1.2 Organization chart of head office
Figure 1.1.3 Organization chart of site management
Figure 1.3.1 Site Location
Figure 1.3.2 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floor key plan
Figure 1.3.3 4th to 7th Floor key plan
Figure 1.3.4 3D rendering view of building
Figure 1.4.1 Safety equipments
Figure 2.1.1 Adjustable jacks
Figure 2.1.2 U-Jack
Figure 2.1.3 T-Jack
Figure 2.1.4 Coupler
Figure 2.1.5 Thread bar and Butterflies
Figure 2.1.6 Column kicker
Figure 2.1.7 Column formwork
Figure 2.1.8 Checking verticality of column
Figure 2.1.9 Schematic diagram of beam bottom levelling
Figure 2.1.10 Arrangement for slab formwork
Figure 2.1.11 Levelling the beams and slab formwork
Figure 2.1.12 Formwork for guard wall
Figure 2.2.1 Cover block and it fixed in reinforcement
Figure 2.2.2 Crank length and lap length details
Figure 2.2.3 Chemical anchoring
Figure 2.2.4 Stool and spacer bar
Figure 2.2.5 Beams and slabs reinforcement arrangement
Figure 2.2.6 Column reinforcement
Figure 2.2.7 Rebar arrangement for columns
Figure 2.3.1 Placing the concrete
Figure 2.3.2 Poker vibrator & method of applying
Figure 2.3.3 Slump test apparatus
Figure 2.3.4 Slump test in site
Figure 2.3.5 Cube test mould
Figure 2.3.6 Curing process of concrete
Figure 2.3.7 Treatment of honeycomb surface
Figure 2.3.8 Thermal cracks on concrete surface
Figure 2.4.1 Levelling instrument with tripod and Staff
Figure 2.4.2 Mark 5 level line in columns
Figure 2.4.3 Automatic laser level
Figure 2.5.1 Stretcher bond wall
Figure 2.5.2 English bond wall
Figure 2.5.3 Lintel for opening (E.g. Door, Windows)
Figure 2.5.4 Lintel between the bricklayers
Figure 2.6.1 Schematic diagram for preparation of level gauges
Figure 2.6.2 Chicken mesh fixed in joint
8

01
02
03
06
07
07
07
10
11
11
11
11
12
13
13
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
21
22
23
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
32
33
35
35
36
36
38
39

Figure 2.6.3 Beam plastering work

Figure 2.6.4 Structural crack
Figure 2.6.5 Treatment for debonding
Figure 2.7.1 Schematic diagram of chemical water proofing
Figure 2.7.2 Water proofing in bathroom area
Figure 2.8.1 Floor tile setting out
Figure 2.8.2 Consider the maximum full tiles and less wastages
Figure 2.8.3 Wall tile line setting out
Figure 2.8.4 Floor tile laying
Figure 2.8.5 laying of skirting tiles
Figure 2.8.6 Tools for tiling work

39
40
40
42
42
44
44
45
45
46
47

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1.1 Formwork removal periods
Table 2.2.1 Bar bending schedule
Table 2.2.2 Clear cover distance for various concrete components
Table 2.3.1 Grades of concrete and their uses
Table 2.3.2 Measurements of slump

17
19
20
25
28

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