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P.MARY SLESSOR
(13761A0243)
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
M.B.CHAKRAVARTHI
Assist. Professor in E.E.E Department
LIST OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MICROGRID
NEED OF MICROGRID
MICROGRID COMPONENTS
MICROGRID OPERATING MODES
ALGORITHM
FUTURE SCOPE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new method for reserve, is introduced. The effectiveness of the
approach is validated by a case study where the optimal ESS rating for MG is
determined. The quantitative optimal sizing of an energy storage system (ESS) in a micro
grid (MG) for storing electrical/renewable energy at the time of surplus and for
redispatching.The unit commitment problem with spinning reserve for MG is considered
in this new method. The total cost function, which includes the cost of ESS, cost of
output power and cost of spinning results show that the ESS with an optimal size is not
only storing renewable energy and re-dispatching it appropriately, but also saving the the
total cost for MG. The main method is formulated as a mixed nonlinear integer problem
(MNIP), which is solved in AMPL (A Modeling Language for Mathematical
Programming).
INTRODUCTION
MICROGRID
What is micro grid?
Micro grid is a small scale power supply
network to provide power for a small
community. It is used for local power
generation for local loads. It uses highly
flexible and efficient small power
generating sources. It is connected to
both the local generating units and the
utility grid thus preventing power
outages. Excess power can be sold to the
utility grid. Size of the micro grid may
range from housing estate to municipal
regions.
NEED OF MICROGRID
Micro grid could be the answer to our
energy crisis. Transmission losses gets
highly reduced. Micro grid results in
substantial savings and cuts emissions
without major changes to lifestyles.
Provide high quality and reliable energy
supply to critical loads.
MICROGRID COMPONENTS:
Various micro grid components are
Wind Turbine
Micro Turbine
Photovoltaic System
Controller
Fuel Cell
Energy Storage System
FLYWHEEL ESS:
MICROGRID OPERATING
MODES:
ISLAND MODE:
Utility grid is not supplying power.
Static switch is open. Feeder A, B, C are
being supplied by Microsources.Feeder
D (not sensitive) is dead.
ENERGY STORAGE IN
MICROGRID:
High Performance
Avoid costly downtime and battery
replacements
Very high cycle life
Extremely abuse tolerant
Ability to stand at partial state of
charge
High efficiency
Self-balancing
Wide operating temperature range
Minimal degradation
ESS IN GRID
MICROGRID:
CONNECTED
which
power
when
the
power
The
output
of
bidirectional
ALGORITHM:
ALGORITHM STEPS:
1.Enter forecasting renewable power
and load. Calculate minimum BESS
capacity CEmin.
2.Set CEmax , CE and initialize the
variables.
3.Solve the objective function for CE.
Minimize the TC for islanded MG and
maximize TB for grid connected MG.
4.If CE < CE max, update CE using the
above equation . The algorithm will stop
when
CE CEmax.
FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
MICROGRID RESEARCH:
ON
To investigate full-scale
development, field demonstration,
experimental performance
evaluation of frequency and
voltage control methods under
various operation modes.
Transition between grids
connected and islanded modes on
interaction phenomena between
distribution generation and high
penetration of distributed
generation.
Transformation of Micro grid
system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in
the future by providing significant
reliability and security benefits
FUTURE SCOPE:
In the near future when cost of
Micro grid system will be
affordable then Micro grids will
become more popular and
conventional grid will be replaced
by Micro grid.
Research are going such as to
increase stability and reliability of
the Micro grid for effective
working.
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
A major advantage of a Micro
grid, is its ability, during a utility
grid disturbance, to separate and
isolate itself from the utility
seamlessly with little or no
disruption to the loads within the
Micro grid.
In peak load periods it prevents
utility grid failure by reducing the
load on the grid. Significant
environmental benefits made
possible by the use of low or zero
emission generators.
The use of both electricity and
heat permitted by the close
proximity of the generator to the
user, thereby increasing the
overall energy efficiency.
Micro grid can act to mitigate the
electricity costs to its users by
generating some or all of its
electricity needs.
DISADVANTAGES:
Voltage, frequency and power
quality are three main parameters
CONCLUSION:
It can therefore be concluded that
Micro-Grid gives impetus to the use of
renewable sources of energy. Reliability
is achieved due to decentralization of
supply. BESS for MG decrease the
schedule cost of MG in islanded MG and
increase benefit of MG. As the size of
BESS increases, the benefit increases.
The TCPD increases in a constant rate
and when the size of BESS is greater
than optimal size TC will increase in
islanded MG and TB will reduce in grid
connected MG. In an event of power grid
failure micro grid is one of the best
alternatives.
REFERENCES
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.ieeexplore.ieee.org
3. www.a4academics.com
4. www.researchgate.net
5. www.sciencedirect.com