Allowable Nozzle Loads

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whitepiper
Allowable Nozzle Loads
Member
03/07/2008 11:01 AM
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Posts: 7
I have been struggling to get some guidelines for allowable nozzle loads for equipment to ensure it is not overstressed
due to connected piping? does anybody has some easy method to check that? WRCs are very tidious..
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#2 "Re: allowable nozzle loads" by Abdel Halim Galala on 03/09/2008 8:36 PM (score 5)
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Steve S.
Guru
#1
Re: allowable nozzle loads

03/07/2008 4:58 PM
Every equipment OEM will have design load limits for his machine and it is often on the equipment data sheet, but a lot
of them just use zero load cause if a give a piper an inch he'll take a mile, and if you give him a pound, he'll assume it
is a anchor...
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Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru
#2

03/09/2008 8:36 PM
Nozzle standard loadings are varied from equipment to another, also from material to another, also from
nozzle size and rating to another.
For example, the max. allowable nozzle loadings for pressure vessels and shell-and-tube heat exchangers shall be as
follows:
A. For Carbon Steel:
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Force F = K x 675 x D , F = K x 1000 x D & F = K x 1000 x D

A
Moment M = K x 125 x D Nm , M = K x 100 x D , & M

T
= K x 75 x D
where, K = 1 for Flange rating 150-300 and K = 1.25 for Flange rating > 600#
B. For Stainless Steel:
Force F = K x 675 x D , F = K x 1000 x D & F
A
= K x 1000 x D
Moment M = K x 125 x D , M = K x 100 x D & M

T
= K x 50 x D , where, K= 1
D = Nominal nozzle size (inch), F = Force component (N) and M = Moment component (N-m)
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Neville
Tomlinson
Active Contributor

03/10/2008 11:40 AM
#4
In reply to #2
Can you indicate the reference to these formulas.
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Location: Maryland, USA
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Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

06/02/2010 11:03 PM
#12
In reply to #4
Dear Neville Tomlinson,

The reference book for these formulas is Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero M. (Part 1 & Part 2).
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Anonymous
Poster #1

07/15/2011 9:45 AM
#15
In reply to #12
I went through this handbook twice, but was not able to find the formulae that you listed above for the max.
allowable nozzle loadings for pressure vessels and shell-and-tube heat exchanger?
Can you please refer me to the page number or para number in the Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero
M where I can locate this formulae?
Thanks
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

07/16/2011 5:42 AM
#16
In reply to #15
Refer to Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero M, Chapter 8 "Design Criteria for Allowable Loads,
Moments, and Stresses".
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rajachem
Participant
03/05/2012 2:07 AM
Join Date: Mar 2012

Posts: 2
Hi Abel,
#18
In reply to #16
I need to calculate the "Allowable nozzle loads" for a pressure vessel and was looking into the forum and
referred the "Pipe Stress handbook - Second edition" by Victor Helguero, Chapter 8 "Design criteria for
allowable loads, moments and stresses" and could not trace out the formulas. Please help, is iam looking at the
right edition?.
rajachem
Participant
03/05/2012 2:26 AM
Join Date: Mar 2012

Posts: 2
Hi Abdel,
#19
In reply to #18
Also iam dealing with the welded nozzles (BW) and not flanged ones for the pressure vessel. Please say
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whether i can use the formulas mentioned.
Anonymous
Poster
#5
In reply to #2

03/12/2008 10:43 AM
Thanks Abdel, for upto 6" or 8" nozzles the rules are fairly matching with the nozzle loads by API 610. but could you
suggest allowable nozzle loads for smaller pipes <2" directly welded to the columns/ equipment. Actually i was
working on a cryo system where MOC are SS or Al with small piping sizes welded to equipment nozzle directly. due to
transients (TAM) the nozzle loads are very high. MOreover how to transform these relations for Al. Could you suggest
the reference for these rules?
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru
#6
In reply to #5

03/12/2008 1:46 PM
Yes, my dear
I still doing my best to find that reference book, it was located on shelf of our company's library. The book may be
lost or may be they interchanged its location, but I still lookfor my hardcopy.
For small nozzles < 2" connected to equipment, it must be designed with no loads to be transmitted from piping to
vessel and vice versa, since the Al. nozzles are very weak connections.
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Please send your e-mail, there are some data related to cast iron and aluminium nozzles and casing of pumps.
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Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru
#7
In reply to #6

03/12/2008 2:31 PM
The following data are extracted from the same reference book:
I. DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ALL PUMPS
b. WITH CAST IRON OR ALUMINUM NOZZLES AND CASINGS ALUMINUM PUMP FORCE, MOMENT AND STRESS
LIMITATIONS
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The following criteria shall apply for pumps with 4-in. discharge nozzles or smaller (suction nozzles may be larger).
The forces contained herein are considered minimum criteria and should be adjusted where the vendor has
experimental or test data permitting larger reactions.
Suctions and discharge nozzles shall be designed to withstand forces and moments from the thermal expansion or
contraction of piping. Piping reactions shall be computed in conformance with ANSI B31.3 : Petroleum Refinery
Piping, Section 319, "Code for Pressure Piping", and shall be designed within the limiting criteria set by this
standard. The modulus of elasticity shall be adjusted for the operating temperature condition.
Each nozzle shall be capable of withstanding forces from external piping determined by the following formulas :
For suction nozzles : Frs 1.6 w 50 D
For discharge nozzles : Frd (2w - Frs) 50 D
Top suction and top discharge pump nozzles are further limited by :
2
2 1/2
Frs and Frd = (Fx + Fz )
and the following;
For suction nozzles
For discharge nozzles
a. Fxs 1.3 w 40 D
a. Fxd (1.8 w Fxs) 40 D
b. Fys (in compression) 1.2 w 50 D b. Fyd (in compression) (2 w Fys) 50 D

c. Fys (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
c. Fyd (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
d. Fzs w 35 D
d. Fzd (w Fzs) 35 D
End suction and top discharge pump nozzles are further limited by :
2
2 1/2
2 1/2
Frs = (Fzs + Fys )
and Frd = (Fxd + Fzd )
For suction nozzles
For discharge nozzles
and the following;
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a. Fxs 1.2 w 50 D
b. Fys 0.6 w 35 D
c. Fzs w 40 D
a. Fxd (1.8w Fxs) 40 D

b. Fyd (in compression) (2w Fys) 50 D
c. Fyd (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
d. Fzd (w Fzs) 35 D
Limit tension and compression forces to 500 lb.

Where : F = force, lb.
Subscript r = resultant of forces
Subscript x = axis parallel to shaft
o
Subscript y = vertical 90 to shaft

o
Subscript z = horizontal 90 to shaft

w = weight of pump only, lb.
D = diameter, nominal diameter = I.P.S. = iron pipe size, in.
d = discharge or exhaust
s = suction or intake
Fr = resultant shear force in the plane of any specific flange face.
Sh = basic allowable stress for the material of construction at maximum operating temperature (see ANSI B31.3).
Each suction and discharge nozzle shall be designed to withstand the forces described for the specific configuration.
Unit stresses in each nozzle shall be limited to :
One-third of the allowable hot stresses Sh for pipe sizes 4 in.
One-half of the allowable hot stresses Sh for pipe sizes > 4 in.
as shown in ANSI B31.1 and ANSI B31.3.
The baseplate and pedestal support assembly on pumps having a discharge nozzle 4 in. shall be adequate to limit
the shaft displacement, when measured at the coupling, to a maximum of 0.005 in. in any direction when
subjected to the following loads. These loads represent the total effect of all external mechanical forces that may
be applied to a fully grouted pump base. They are to be applied to the pump through the suction and / or discharge
nozzle.
Mx = 3.0 w* ft-lb
My = 2.0 w* ft-lb
Mz = 1.5 w* ft-lb
where Mx = moment in y-z plane
My = moment in x-z plane
Mz = moment in x-y plane
w = weight of pump only
* Minimum w is 500 lb. in these computations.
For purposes of evaluating computed piping-imposed external moments and forces, they shall be transferred from
both suction and discharge flanges to the intersection of the X, Y and Z axes. An algebraic summation shall then be
made for comparison with the moment limitation given above.
The vendor shall submit alternative criteria for pumps having a discharge flange 4 in. NPS. It is suggested that
these criteria be developed as a result of tests.
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Anonymous
Poster

03/13/2008 11:04 AM
Go to first "Almost" Good Answer

#8
In reply to #7
Dear Abdel,
now thats very useful guidelines, especially the stress control part at nozzle locations w.r.t. size of nozzles. thats
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a huge help, thanks for the information.
Abdel Halim
Galala

03/13/2008 7:44 PM
Guru
#9
In reply to #8
Dear Guest/whitepiper
Thank you very much and you are welcome.
But for "thats very useful guidelines" & "thats a huge help", may be it is in need to a very huge rate of
score..... hahaha
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Abdel Halim
Galala

03/29/2008 8:25 AM
Guru
#10
In reply to #9
My friends,
Do you know that 1 + 1 = 0.
That what was exactly happened to my posts #2 and #7, both granted score 1, "almost" Good Answers,
and the net score is zero. Can you please prove that 1 + 1 = 1 at least to be added to the total of Good
Answers. Nothing to say, just for fun.
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inspectorjoe
Re: allowable nozzle thickness
Associate
05/02/2008 10:17 PM
Join Date: Apr 2008

Posts: 53
Good day abdel.
#11
In reply to #10
What about the nozzle thickness? Can you help on this? We conducted an ultrasonic thickness gauging of
nozzles of a pressure vessel. How do i compute if the nozzle thickness are still acceptable?
Anonymous
Poster

07/13/2010 4:13 AM
#13
In reply to #2
What is k overhere?From where did u got the value of k?

thanks
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

07/13/2010 12:58 PM
#14
In reply to #13
See my post #12.

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Rajcs82
#17
In reply to #2
Participant
12/04/2011 7:29 AM
Join Date: Dec 2011

Posts: 4
I am doing stress analysis for natural gas plant which has part of under ground pipe and connected to above ground
equipment( pig launcher), i got output which has the code compliance of 40% of allowable stress and the vertical
displacements are with in 5mm but the force and moments are too large of 100000N at pig launcher inlet i really
surprise and need help to balancing this force and moments, please some experts can help me?
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ronniehossain
Participant
06/05/2013 9:41 PM
Join Date: Jun 2013

Posts: 1
Mr. Abdel,
#20
In reply to #2
I am facing a problem with a horizontal tank in my plant. Plant installed a two stage pump weighing approx. 2650 lbs
on the top of an 18" manway. My understanding is per ASME code vessel's nozzle is not designed for withstand this
load. How can I make sure that this load is ok or I have to add repad? Maybe 1" thickness of the shell will not allow
this extra loading. Thank you for your help. Ronnie Hossain
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joarder
Participant
04/16/2014 9:56 AM
Join Date: Apr 2014

Posts: 1
Hi Abdel,
#21
In reply to #2
I have the book you referred but I can not able to find these formulas in Chapter 8. There is nothing for vessels in
chapter 8. What version you are referring to. Appreciate your help.
Lawrence
#3
Commentator
03/10/2008 8:55 AM
Join Date: Jun 2007

Posts: 59
Good Answers: 5
The WRC 107 method is tedious. However, it is the best analytic method available. The best way around the tedium is
to buy a canned program to read all of the tables for you or to go FEA. A recommendation for a program that does both
is FE/Pipe by Paulin Research Group (http://www.paulin.com/). This program is a parametric FEA program organized
around pressure vessels and piping. One can model the piping and the vessel in a linked analysis that both generates
the loads and analyzes the support stresses.
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Users who posted comments:
Abdel Halim Galala (8); Anonymous Poster (4); inspectorjoe (1); joarder (1); Lawrence (1); Neville Tomlinson (1); rajachem (2); Rajcs82
(1); ronniehossain (1); Steve S. (1)
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