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Social Protection Initiative for Orphan

and Vulnerable Children

Child Protection Section, UNICEF Bangladesh

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee
the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may
not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
Development Issues & Challenges
9 Children under 18 years constitute 45% of the total
population; 63 million children out of total 141 million
populations in 2007

9 46% of the children in the country live below the national


poverty line; 59% live below 1.08 dollar (PPP) a day and 23%
live in persistent poverty

9 Continuous Natural disasters = child protection concerns,


increased vulnerability, risk of abuse, neglect and
exploitation, family separation, migration and trafficking

9 Reactive social work, mainly institutions


UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
UNICEF work as development Partner
Enhancing policy and legislative framework and standards on child
Protection moving away from institutional care towards family/
community based and proactive social work

9 Standing Order for Disaster Management

9 Amendment of Children Act 1974

9 Revised Child National Policy 1994

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children
A Conceptual Framework

Promotive Transformative
Economic opportunities Transformative action

Springboards

Preventive
Insurance and diversification
mechanisms

Safety nets

Protective
Social assistance and coping
strategies
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children 4
Social protection for children what are
we talking about?
Child-sensitive social protection systems include legislative and
policy frameworks, institutional capacity and resources to
implement

Social Transfers Social Welfare Social Policies


Services
Regular, contributory Legislation, policies
Family and community
and non-contributory and regulations that
services to support
disbursements (cash protect families'
families and promote
or in-kind) from access to resources
youth and adult
governments or NGOs and employment and
employment;
to individuals or support them in their
alternative care for
households that are child care role,
children outside family
proven to improve including maternity
environments; and
child well-being and paternity leave,
additional measures to
inheritance rights and
enable all children to
anti-discrimination
UNICEF
accessChild
basic services
Protection
March 2008
legislation 5
and entitlements
Overall Goal
Government
To help the Child Protection Adopts
Section through
exploring ‘Social
dynamics, mechanisms
Protection & modalities for
Model”
a Country specific ‘Social Protection Model for
forwhich
Children’ the Children
is doable of
andBangladesh
affordable

Evidence Based
GOB
Tool for Advocacy

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children
Specific Objectives,
Strategies &
Brief Results
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Situation Assessment & Participatory Planning
Attitudes, traditions,
customs, behavior &
practices

Community
Local
Resources
Risk Mobilization
Children
Factors Community
Strategies
Family

Perception & Perspectives on CR


& CP & External shock
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Implement, Assess & Review Cash Transfer Modalities

Holistic approach Social National Level

Model

Documenting & District Level


Child
Rights Learning = Action
Promotion Research

Upazilla Level

Children USWs

FUPM
Family
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Union Level
Assess Role of SWs & Feasible Transformation
Protection

Social Work

CommunityProtection
Rights
Family
Services Children

Rights
Services
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Action Training to Social Workers

Functionalism of B
DG/NPD/
Strategic
Committees S Directors
Learning &
Evidence based S
T
Orientation &
Deputy/ Add
Continuous
Involvement Directors
Effectiveness P
of Modules/ S
Trainings
Continuous Training/ S
Orientation/ Briefing/ 7 USSOs/7
T
Review/ Coordination
..
Reinforcement
..
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and .. 46 USWs/
Vulnerable Children

.. TIs
Assess & Review the “Functionalism” of Information Flow &
Communication Channel & Data Utility
UNICEF BCO IMS National Level

Structural Learning District Level


Case & Process Modality
Management
Upazilla Level
Community Utilization

Children
Data & Info. Needs

Union Level
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Family
Implementation Processes
T. Draft
SIDR Draft Joint
Imp. Guideline
T. Paper Mission Paper

Trg SW
One time cash transfer 25.000 Taka / child
CFS through NGOs Ornt.
USSO

Caretaker Government

15 Feb May July Oct Dec


Nov 07 08 08 08 08 08
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Implementation Processes..March – April 09
•Approved Imp Guide •Orphan Verification – FUPM/USW Coding
•AS Cell •P Vulnerable Selection - FUPM

DG Bank
Orientation to USSOs/USWs/TIs Accounts

Selection Processes
Changed
Forms
BSST Field
Fund transfer Action
Training
system Plan
Orientation operationalized

BSST MT Adoption of AS
New Training in Practicum
Govt.
March 09 April 09
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Implementation Processes …. May - July 09
UP Commtt.
formed
AS in DD Conference
Orphan list Orphan list Approved
Verified

Ward Commtt. Case Management


formed

Action
Research
Money disbursement started for Orphan

Primary Selection of Vulnerable Children by FUPM

May 09 June 09 July 09


UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Implementation Processes …. May - July 09

Case Management Case Management


deepening Adoption - Draft
training

PSST Module Dev


Verification of Vulnerable by FS/USSO/DCP

Verification of Vulnerable by USW/TIs PSST MT


training

July 09 Sept 09
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Adoption of Social Case Management : a Participatory Tool

Case Management:
Socio – Economic Vulnerabilities
Increasing Union Level
Household Resilience and Intervention Social & Service
& Vulnerabilities of Children CC
reducing Children Vulnerabilities Plan (7) Mapping

IS 3 Months
Upazilla Level
D Assessment Service Mapping
CC
2 Months

Children Consent Form

•Problem Tree
•Cause Analysis Intake 0-1 day
Family •Ladder
Ladder Game
Game Planning
•D. Assessment start
ID Card 0-3 days
Ca

1 Month
sh
Tr

IS 0-7 Days CC
an

Compliance
s.

Assessment
UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
Brief overview on Utilization of Cash Support: Orphan families

A Randomly selected 290 Orphan children out of 817 living under care of
different types of 129 Caregivers (82 with Mother, 29 with Father & 22
with Extended families) were selected for a focused study that reveals

Income Generation Activities


3.12
22.7
Fulfillment of Basic Needs

51.5
Savings/Deposit

22.7

Other Expenditure

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children
Percentage of kind of Expenditure of Total Provided Cash

Small Trading

Fishing Boat & Net

Household Poultry

Cow Purchase
0.1
0.7
Goat Purchase
0.1
1.6
5.7 Land Purchase
0.9 22.7 10.8
1 Land Leasing
0.3
6.4 Food Purchase
0.7
Cloth Purchase

Education Expenses
1
Health Expenses
4.4
Loan Return
4.7 4.6 25.3
9 House Reconstruction

Furniture

Ornaments Purchase

Congregation (Milad)

Insurance

Savinga/Deposit

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children
Lessons Learnt
9 Institutional strengthening process delayed the implementation but is
essential to build ownership and obtain eventual buy in of GOB

9 At local level mobilization has increased with first tangible results but
limited interaction with central level hampered bottom up evidence based
expected impact

9 Social workers if properly trained would be key actors for child sensitive
social protection

9 Community participation is the key to sustainable community based


mechanisms which start from the participation of caregivers / families

9 Cash transfer to vulnerable families proved to be an empowering tool


(social and economic development)

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children
Thanks & Best Regards

UNICEF Social Protection initiative for Orphans and


Vulnerable Children

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