Breech Lock Closure for

Design Conditions
Design Temperature (C)
Design Pressure (MPa)
Tubes and Tubesheet Design Temperature (C)
Tubes and Tubesheet differential design pressure (MPa)
Tubes Operating Pressure (MPa)
Tubes Operating Temperature (C)

Shell Barrel
Base Material of Shell Barrel
Allowable Stress at 340 C (MPa)
Effective Inside Diameter (mm)
Full thickness (including any corrosion allowance etc.) (mm)
Thickness Allowance (corrosion, weld deposit etc.) (mm)
Ts(min) = (Ds+(2*Cs))/2 * ((exp(Ps/(Ss*E)))-1) . (Given E=1, as per ASME Sec. VIII Div.2) (mm)
Required Shell thickness: Ts(min) <= (Ts-Cs)

Channel Barrel
Breech Lock Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Style:
Base Material of Channel Barrel
Allowable Stress of channel base material at 425 C (MPa)
Yield Stress of Channel base material at 339.5 C (MPa)
Poisson's Ratio
Weld Overlay equivalent Material
Allowable Stress of weld deposit at 425 C (MPa)
Effective Inside Diameter (mm)
Full thickness (including any corrosion allowance etc.) (mm)
Thickness Allowance (corrosion, weld deposit etc.) (mm)
Ts(min) = (Ds+(2*Cs))/2 * ((exp(Ps/(Ss*E)))-1) . (Given E=1, as per ASME Sec. VIII Div.2) (mm)
Required Shell thickness: Ts(min) <= (Ts-Cs)
Outside Diameter (mm)
Inside Nozzle Diameter (mm)

Step 2 - Design of Breech L

Step 2.1-Components
Diameter (External Outer Bolt Circle and mean gasket diameter) (mm)
Thickness of channel cover extension (mm)
Thickness of push rings (mm)

Gasket- Channel to Diaphragm

Type of Material

Gasket Width (mm)

Gasket compressed thickness (mm)
Gasket Factor, Minimum Seating Stress (m, y (MPa))
Gasket OD, Gasket ID (Go, Gi) (each in mm)
b = N/2 (mm)
Gasket Load Reaction Diameter G = Go - (2*b) (mm)

External Bolts, Push rods and Push ring - Oute

Material of bolts and push rods
Allowable stress at room temperature and at 425 C (MPa)
No. of Bolts (no), Bolt Size (i (in inches) and m (in mm))
Push rod diameter (PRD), hole in threaded ring (hd) (each in mm)
Outside diameter of outer push ring (Ao), inner diameter of outer push ring (Bo) (each in mm)

External Threaded Ring

Material of threaded ring
Allowable stress at 425 C (MPa)
[Threads derived from "STUB ACME ANSI B1.8 ed.1988"]
Pitch of threads (Pi (in inches) and Pm (in mm))
No. of engaged threads
Length of engaged threading used in calculation (in mm)
Basic Max. Major diameter (mm)
Inside Diameter (mm)
Thickness (inclusive of groove of push rings) (in mm)
Upper Noose Diameter (in mm)
Not engaged length (in mm)
Threaded Cover in place of threaded ring + Cover (for Small size BLC S&T HE)

External Cover
Material of threaded ring
Allowable stress at 425 C (MPa)
Major Diameter (d), Minor diameter (d1) (each in mm)
Thickness of the Central Section (in mm)

Step 2.2- Sizing of external bolts (outer bolt cir

HT= 0.785* ((G*G)-(Bo*Bo))*Pt (HT in N)
HG=2*b*3.14*G*m*Pt (HG in N)
Wm1b = HT+HG (Wm1b in N)
Am1b = Wm1b/Sbo (in mm2 (sq.mm))
Wm2 = 3.14*b*G*y
Am2 = Wm2/Sao (in mm2 (sq.mm))
Am= Max(Am1b,Am2) (in sq.mm)
Minimum cross section area of one bolt rod (in sq.mm)
Bolt root cross section area (in sq.mm)
Push Rod Cross Section Area (in sq.mm)

Minimum required bolt spacing (in mm)

Actual Bolt Spacing (chord) (in mm)
Bs.min<=Bs.act
Ab=Ab1o*no(in sq.mm)
Am<=Ab
Used bolting area (in %)
Margin

Step 2.3- Sizing of External Bolts (Inner Bolt Circle)

- Not Ap

Step 2.4- Sizing of threads of Breech Lock Clos

W= Wm1b(from Step 2.2)+(0.785*Bo*Bo*Pt) (in N)
Distance between pitch diameter to base of threads (in mm)
Width of thread at base (in mm)
Height of thread (in mm)
Engaged height of threads between male and female threads (in mm)
OD = (NMaD-(2*ht)) (in mm)
ID = (NMaD-(2*e)) (in mm)
b= (W/(*OD))*(6*(b/(nt*a*a))) (in MPa)
T= (W/(*OD))*(1/(nt*a)) (in MPa)
T<= (0.6*S)
e = sqrt((b*b)+(4*T*T)) (in MPa)
e<= S
Bearing Stress
= W/(0.785*((NMaD*NMaD)-(ID*ID))*nt)
<= (1.5*S)

Step 2.5a- Sizing of threaded ring (for large diameter BL

A= Round-off(OD) (in mm)
W1 = 0.785*(Bnu*Bnu)*Pt (in N)
W2 = Not applicable for style B (in N)
W3= 0.785*((Anu*Anu)-(Bnu*Bnu))*Pt (in N)
W4= Wm1b(from step 2.2) (in N)
W = (W1+W2+W3+W4) (in N)
D1= (B+Bnu)/2 (in mm)
D2 = Not applicable for style B (in mm)
D3 = (Anu+Bnu)/2 (in mm)
D4 = Co (in mm)
m = 1/v (Poisson Module)

Formulas accoding to "Roark's Formulas for stress and strain" ed.4th Table X Ca
Mi = (Wi/(8**m)*[(m-1)+(2*(m-1)*ln(A/Di))-((m-1)*((Di*Di)/(Ai*Ai)))])
M1= Mi (i=1) (in N)
M2= Mi (i=2) (in N)
M3= Mi (i=3) (in N)
M4= Mi (i=4) (in N)

M= (M1+M2+M3+M4) (in N)
i= (3*(Wi/(2**m*(T-Te)*(T-Te))*((0.5*(m-1))+(((m+1)*ln(A/Di))-((m-1)*((Di*Di)/(2*A*A))))))))-((6*M*(((A*A)+(B*B
1= i at i=1 (in MPa)
2 is not applicable for Style B
3= i at i=3 (in MPa)
4= i at i=4 (in MPa)
= 1+2+3+4 (in MPa)

Step 2.5b- Sizing of Channel cover thickness (For Large Diameter BLC S
Central Section
Tmin = d*sqrt(0.3*(Pt/Scv)) (in mm)
Tmin<=Tcv = 195 mm
Edge
Mid contact diameter between ring and cover (in mm)
h= (G-d1)/2 (in mm)
T= ((G*G)*Pt)/(4*d1*Te)) (in MPa)
T<= (0.6*Scv) = 94.86 MPa
b = (3*G*Pt*h)/(2*Te*Te)
e= sqrt((b*b)+(4*T*T))
e<=(1.5*Scv) = 237.15 MPa
Bearing
= Pt*((d*d)/((d*d)-(d1*d1)))
<=1.5*Scv

Step 2.6- Sizing of channel end

Diametrical gap between female threads to male threads (in mm)

Dmax = NMaD + gap (in mm)
e= ((Ac-Dmax)/2) (in mm)
Groove Depth (in mm)
Dg = Dmax+(2*g) (in mm)
Tcg = (Ac-Dg)/2
D= Nmad+(2*(b-ht))
h=(Ac-Tcg-D)/2
L= T-Te-Lut= Length of channel from groove to the end (in mm)
M= (W(from Step 2.5(a)))*h (in N-mm)
m=(M/(*E*((Dg+Ac)/2))) (in N/mm)
x=(1-(v*v))
=((3*x)/((Dg*Dg)/4)*(Tcg*Tcg))^0.25 (in 1/mm)
Mo = (m*((Ac-Dg)/2))/(1+((*h)/2)+((x/(*Dg))*(L/Tcg)*(L/Tcg)*(L/Tcg)*ln(Ac/Dg)) (in N)
(Ref. "Strength of Materials- Part II" 2nd edition, year 1941 para 34- Author: Timo
b = (6*Mo)/(Tcg*Tcg) (in MPa)
l= ((4*W)/(*((Ac*Ac)-(Dg*Dg)))) (in MPa)
l<=Sc = 158.1 MPa

= b+l (in MPa)

<=(1.5*Sc) = 237.15 MPa

ure for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers

Symbol

Shell

Tubes

Ps/Pt

340
3

425
21.5
425
21.5
17.14
339.5

P
Pto

SA-516 Gr. 70
Ss
Ds
Ts
Cs

130.1
1250
30
3
14.64942107
OK

B
Sc
Syo
v
Swd
Dc
Tc
Cc

Ac

SA-336 Gr.F22 Cl.3

158.1
203.9
0.3
equivalent to SA 240 347
126.3
1076
147
4.5
79.02613729
OK
1370
344.48

eech Lock Closure (Style "A" or "B")

Co
Te
Ti/To

1103
75
70

iaphragm
CamProfile

N
m=
Go=

16
4
3.75 y=
1119 Gi=

b
G

52.4
1087
7.127636354
1104.744727

s and Push ring - Outer Circle

Sao=
no=
PRD=
Ao=

172.4
52
30
1153

172.4
1.375 m=
31.5
1053

SA-336 Gr.F22 Cl.3

158.1

ANSI B1.8 ed.1988"]

Pi=

SA-193 Gr. B16

Sbo=
i=
hd=
Bo=

0.9375 Pm=

nt=
Lt=
NMaD=
B=
T=
Anu=

23.8125
11
261.94
1190
888
445

1051 Bnu=
Lut=

Scv=
d=
Tcv=

940
100
NO

SA-336 Gr.F22 Cl.3

158.1
938 d1=
195

lts (outer bolt circle)

HT=
HG=
Wm1b=
Am1b=
Wm2=
Am2=
Am=
Ab1o=

1884405.153
3986913.773
5871318.926
34056.37428
1295592.445
7515.037383
34056.37428
706.858347
745.15
706.86

884

34.925

Circle)

Bs.min=
Bs.act=

64
66.6
OK

Ab=

36756.63404
OK
92.66
3.82 bolts

- Not Applicable for Style B

Breech Lock Closure

W=
b=
a=
ht=
e=
OD=
ID=
b=
T=
e=

24585242.82
4.735
13.54
8.4
5.955
1173.2
1178.09
93.97098842
44.7858917
OK
129.8216124
OK
100.9490404
OK

arge diameter BLC S&T HE)

A=
W1=
W2=
W3=
W4=
W=
D1=
D2=
D3=
D4=
m=
and strain" ed.4th Table X Case 59
)-((m-1)*((Di*Di)/(Ai*Ai)))])
M1=
M2=
M3=
M4=

1173.2
14912959
0
3729944.378
5871318.926
24514222.3
914
0
995.5
1103
3.333333333

548423.0966
0
92463.84085
56461.31225

M=
697348.2497
*A))))))))-((6*M*(((A*A)+(B*B)))/((A*A)-(B*B))*(T-Te)*(T-Te))) (in MPa)
1=
-78.39038253
2=
0
3=
-10.87191389
4=
-6.638730551

Diameter BLC S&T HE)

Tmin=

189.4597
OK

G=
h=
T=

913
14.5
67.57818
OK
75.90073
155.0102
OK

b
e

192.2658
OK

hannel end
gap=
Dmax=
e=
g=
Dg=
Tcg=
D=
h=
L=
M=
m=
x=
=
Mo=
1941 para 34- Author: Timoshenko)
b=
l=

3.3
1193.3
88.35
1.405
1197
86.5
1182.67
50.415
270
1235884517
3469.17008
0.91
0.005649377
177054.4525
141.9795804
70.28396713
OK

212.2635475
OK