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The process which is used to transform the outlook appearance, comfort

ability & fashion appeal of the garments is called garment
washing. Garment pre- wash became popular especially since 1978, when
jeans garments started pre- washing and got instant popularity. This gave
different look to the garments. Garments washing are mainly done after
stitching. Wash types usually depends on the product natures and usages.
Based on consumer demand and fashion trend, buyer will fix the washing
type of any product. For example, stone enzyme wash is required for
denim item but light softener wash is perfect for knitted item.

GARMENTS WASHING
It is a new technology by which outlook, size, comfort ability & fashion
etc properties are changed of a Garment are called Garments
Washing. The technology was first developed in 1988. Before
this washing was done in Hong Kong, Singapore & some other
country .

Primarily garment washing are two types

1. Wet process/Chemical process
2. Dry process/Mechanical process
1. Wet process/Chemical process

Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash

Pigment wash

Caustic wash

Enzyme wash

Stone wash

Stone enzyme wash

Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip Dyeing)

Super white wash

Bleach wash

Acid wash

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Silicon wash

Soft wash

2. Dry process/Mechanical process

Sand blasting

Hands scraping

Over all wrinkles

Permanent wrinkle

Broken and tagging

Grinding and destroy

PP spray and PP sponging etc.

Objective of Garments Washing:

To Develop Softness in Garments.

To introduce Fadding effect.

To create new fashion.

To satisfy the customer.

To remove dirty thing from the garments.

To remove starch or size material.

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Some Washing Chemical List

Desizing Agent
Anti Back Stain Agent
Fastness Improvers For Dyeing
Levelling Agents For Dyeing
Fastness Improvers For Dyeing
Enzyme
Sl,
Innozyme Npe S89
Salt
Alkali
Ph Control
Bleaching Agent
15% Cl2 Available
Neutralizing Agent
Thiosulphate.
Softener

: Desizing Hts, D-Peast

: Antistain Lp-30
: Albafix
: Albatex
: Albafix
: G Enzyme S89, G Enzyme
: G/Salt.
: Naso4
: Using Buffer & Acid
: Sodium Hypochlorite Naocl;
,Calcium Hypochlorite.
: Hydro Peroxide, Bisulphate Or
: Innosoft 1070

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STONE Introduction
Pumic stone: those are silica-rich, viscose, high temperature melt
products of explosive.Volcanic eruption during ascent & expulsion of
earth. These are light weight highly porous, rocky substance which
will float on water.
Major Pumic Stones Supplies Countries Are USA, Turkey, Italy, Island,
Newzeland, Japan, Indonesia And Philiphine.
This is one of the important components in the production of stone
washed apparels. It is used softer hands. Since the degree of
abrasion may vary in different parts of garments, such as trouser-,
button slays and seaming parts, a number of natural patterns can be
formed.
The degree of wash down or used look effect is depends on stone
size, stone ratio, liquor ratio, duration of treatment, garments load

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and garments fabric gsm. Stone size varies from 1cm diameter to 7
cm.
In here two types of stone are mostly used:
1. Turkey
: white color, light weight. More use for twill and
denim;
2. Indonesia
: Red color, weight. More use for denim, this type
of stone size is big, thats reason there is a possibility to thread
brakes. To prevent it needs to make it smaller size.

Enzyme Introduction
In here two types of enzyme are used:
1. Acid condition enzyme: this is low cost, but risk of degraded.
2. Neutral condition enzyme: this is very costly, but mostly useful
and working result is good.

List of some dyes

Name
Price
1. Cibacron Yellow Fn2r
Tk.1600/Kg
2. Novacron Blue Ce
Tk.1600/Kg
3. Novacron
B

Deep

Red
Tk.2200/Kg

S-

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4. Cibacron Red Fnr

Tk.2000/Kg
5. Novacron Yellow Ce
Tk.1600/Kg
6. Novacron Orange W-3r
Tk.1600/Kg
7. Navy-W-B
Tk.1300/Kg
8. N.

Navy-W-B
Tk.1700/Kg

9. Novacron Super Black G

Tk.1000/Kg
10.

Reactive

Deep

N
11.

BlackTk.600/Kg

Direct

Grey-

Cgl
12.

Tk.1200/Kg
Novacron

R
13.

Novacron

W-

Red
Tk.2000/Kg

Optisal

-7b
15.

Blue
Tk.2700/Kg

Ce
14.

Dark

Red
Tk.1700/Kg

R.

3rl
Tk.2500/Kg

Blue-

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16.

Solar

Turquoise

400%
17.

Blue

Fbl-

Tk.850/Kg
Ciba

Turquoise-

Hgn

Tk.1000/Kg

Recipe of some wash

Desize:
Desize: D-Peast
Temperature
Water
Time
Rains

: 300gm;
: 700C;
: 1:7;
: 5min;
: 2 times

Enzyme with Stone:

G ENZYME S89
: 1kg;
Stone
: 50kg;
Anti-stain
: 500gm;
Temperature
: 550C 600C;
PH
: 5.5 6;
Required time
: 23min;
Rains
: 2 times;
Softening:
Softeners
: 500gm;
Time
: 5min;
Then go for hydro extractor, then Dryer
(T.S.P Twill Short Pant)

Enzyme with stone wash:

G ENZYME SL
Temperature

: 1kg;
: 400C;

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Anti-back stain
: 1kg;
Stone
: 75kg;
H
P
: 5;
Time
: 20min 22min;
Rains
: 2min 3min;
Anti-stain
: 500gm;
Temperature
: 600C;
Time
: 2min 3min;
Rains
: 2 times.
Then go for hydro extractor, then Dryer
(D.L.P Denim Long Pant)

Production Sequence of Washing

Garments receive from sewing
Scraping
Tearing
Whiskering
P.P. Spray
Curing/ Tearing
Washing
Drying Hot + Cold
Checking

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Machine Summary of Washing Section

Ref No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Type of Machine
Washing Machine
Washing Machine
Washing Machine
Washing Machine
Washing
Machine
Sample
Washing
Machine
Sample
Washing
Machine
Sample
Washing
Machine
Sample
Hydro Extractor
Hydro Extractor Sample
Drying Machine
Drying Machine
Drying Machine
Drying Machine Sample
Ironing Table
Hot Pressing Machine
Trouser Finisher
Trouser Finisher
Jacket Dummy
Scraping Motor
Tag Machine
Compressor
Compressor
Sand Blasting
Spray Gun
Spray Balons
Grinding Machine
Crock Master Testing
Light Box
Light Box
Lab Dip Machine
Oven
Oven
Photo Spectrometre
Tag Machine
Steam Iron
Weighting Indicator
Vertical Dummy
Generator
Washing
Machine
Sample
Scrunch MC
TECA
Poppong Machine
FMG (Fabric Grinding

Machine Brand
SMARTEX 225
SMARTEX 340
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AVANTEC 340
NGAI SHING 2250
RAMSONS
NGAI SHING 2211
SUNLEGUE_SLW-100(S)
SUNLEGUE-SLW-250(S)
NGAI SHING
RAMSON
NGAI SHING 2330
TRANSRERON
AVANREC
RAMSON
RAMSON
RAMSON
MACPI
NGAI SHING
VE-CO
SPA 80
INGARSOL RAND
ATLAS COPCO
MEC
SHOT
BLASTING+TM-JM

VERIVIDE
MECHBATH
ROACHERS
AVANTEC
RAMSON SUPER CARE
DATA COLOR
DENISION

CONCORDE
VIBRO POWER
SMARTEX 20 KG
GFK
GFK
GFK
GFK

P a g e | 11

Garment wash here refers to garment pre- wash performed after

production of garment's prior to using it by the consumers.
A simple outline about different garment wash has given here:
1) NORMAL WASH:
Normal wash consists in washing garments in hot water with adequate
detergent and softener, rinse in plain water and dry in tumble dryer until it
is 100% dry. Some sodium is added to lend the garment a prominent
washed look. Water temperature, proportion of components of wash is
adjusted as per requirement of wash and types of fabric, the garment is
made of.
The softener makes the fiber soft and tumble-drying makes the fabric
fluffier. An expert technician can handle washing by an expedient way to
solve many problems arising out during washing. Washing can also affect
different garment parts differently. Shell fabric may be solid color while
pocket may be white pocketing piece. After washing it may appear that
pocketing piece has been stained.
This may happen because may be too much softener has been used or
the fabric bleeding color is of weak color quality. Though softener makes
the fiber soft but it also breaks the dye loose and may stain the fabric. Too
much use of softener makes the fabric waxy. So, one should cut a balance
in using softener and other components in normal wash. In such cases
garment should be washed with less softener and check if the staining
problem is got rid of or eliminated. If use of less softener cannot solve the
problem of staining indicates poor color
quality of fabric.

In this case the garment will not pass U.S.

standard on possibly the following aspects:
-Color change
Color staining
-Crooking (rubbing)
One way of improving staining problem or
dye quality of fabric
May be the following:
(1) Have 40 degree C hot water in a tumble
washer;
(2) Put 1% color fixing agent and mix with
hot water;

P a g e | 12

(3) Put the dry garment into the tumble washer and let them soak in the
solution for 5 minutes and then lift them up for drying.
(4) Run the tumble washer a few times and stop.
(5) Do not run the washer too much; it may lead the dye to come off and
stain
(6) Just let the garments soak and absorb the chemicals. Move the
garments inside the washer as gently as possible; when the garments are
dried, the color quality substantially improves. After treating the garments
in the mentioned way, they can simply be imposed to normal wash to give
it the washed look.
Objects of Normal Wash:
Normal wash is required for the following reasons:1. To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
2. To remove size materials from the garments.
3. To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics.
4. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.
5. To achieve buyer washing standard.
Washing Process of Normal Wash:
The Normal/Garment washing process of batch of 70 kg Twill/Canvas
Garments are described below:First Step : Desizing
1. Lot size: -....................... 70 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
2. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8-10 ............560 --700 Litre.
3. Machine Running.
4. Add detergent @ 0.5 gm / liter ............ 280-350 gm.
5. Temperature..... Sometime cold & sometime 40c to 60c.
6. Time .............................. 5 to 10 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
8. Cold wash.

P a g e | 13

Second Step : Softening

1. Add water @ L : R = 1: 6 ......... 420 litre.
2. Washing machine running
3. Add Flax softner @ 0.6 gm / litre .......... 252 gm.
4. Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / litre........... 210 gm.
5. Time................................... 5 to 10 mts.
6. Drop the liquor.
7. Unload the Garments on trolley.
Third Step :Hydro Extractor Machine
Hydrocxtraction the garment to remove excess water from the Garment.
Fourth Step: Drying Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer.
1. Load on steam dryer -50 kg
2. Temperature -60c -70c
3. Time -40 -50 mts for dry.
4. Time -10 -15 mts for cold dry.
or,
1. Load on gas dryer -50 kg,
2. Running the machine
3. Temperature: -70c -85c.
4. Time: -30 -35 mts for dry.
5. Time: -10 -15 mts for cold dry.
Fifth Step: Delivery
After drying it will be quality checking and good quality Garments will be
delivery to Garments factory.

2) PIGMENT WASH:

P a g e | 14

Pigment Wash is similar to normal wash but a bit costlier. The garment is
solid color pigment dye.
The requirement is that the color should fade evenly to lend the garment
a prominent washed look. Pigment wash requires a higher temperature of
water than normal wash.
(1) Use hot water 50-60 degree C;
(2) Load the tumble washer not more than 70 % of its capacity. This
enables garment to move inside smoothly. If fully loaded with garments
due to friction of the garments with tumble body.
Pigment wash is required for the following reasons:

To fading affect/old looking affect on Garment and also seam area.

For soft feeling to wear the garment after purchasing.

To achieve the buyer washing standard.

To increase the colour fastness & rubbing fastness.

Pigment washed garment

Washing Process of Pigment Wash:

The pigment washing process of batch of 80 kg Twill/canvas Garments are
described below:
First Step:
1. Lot size: -...................... 80 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.

P a g e | 15

2. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 640 Litre

3. Machine Running.
4. Add Caustic soda (NAOH)..... @ 0.8 gm / liter ............ 512 gm.
5. Add Soda Ash (Na2Co3) ........@ 1.50 gm / litre........... 960 gm.
6. Add Detergent ........................ @ 0.8 gm / litre ............ 512 gm.
7. Temperature........... 50c to 60c.
8. Time (Depend upon the shade) ....... 20 to 60 mts.
9. Drop the liquor.
10.

Wash 1 time by hot wash for 5 mts at the temperature 50c.

11.

Wash 1 time by cold water for 5 mts

Second Step :
1. Add water @ L : R = 1: 6 ......... 480 litre.
2. Washing machine running
3. Add Acetic Acid (for pH 4.5 -5.5) @ 0.5 gm / litre ............. 240 gm.
4. Add Flax softner ... . @ 0.6 gm / liter........... 288 gm.
5. For more slippery hand feel use silicon -@ 0.4 gm / litre.....192gm.
6. Time................................... 15 to 25 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
8. Unload the Garments on trolley.
Third Step: Hydro Extractor Machine.
Hydrocxtraction the garment to remove excess water from the Garment.
Time required about 2 -4 minutes.
Fourth Step: Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer.
1. Load on steam dryer -50 kg
2. Running the machine

P a g e | 16

3. Temperature -60c -70c

4. Time -40 -50 mts for dry.
5. Time -10 -15 mts for cold dry.
or
1. Load on gas dryer -50 kg,
2. Running the machine
3. Temperature: -70c -85c for dry.
4. Time: -30 -35 mts for dry.
5. Time: -10 -15 mts for cold dry.
Fifth Step: Delivery
After drying garments go to quality section and check the garment, good
quality garment will be delivery and Deep shade again rewash, other
quality Garment rectify then delivery.

3) BLEACH WASH:
Bleach wash means that bleach chemical is used in water while washing
in a tumble washer. Strict washing time is a requirement with such wash
because otherwise the garment may be over bleached and the color
cannot be reversed.
Bleach wash or light stone wash refers to light blue shades of denim. The
additional step is bleaching to stone wash. This bleaching is usually
carried out by strong oxidizing agents. In industry, most widely used
chemicals are sodium hypo-chlorite, calcium hypo-chlorite, hydrogen per
oxide and potassium permangate.

P a g e | 17

Bleach washed Jeans

Bleach Wash Process of Garments:
A process of bleach wash of 60 kg batch of Denim Long Pant as mentioned
below:
First Step: Pre-treatment/Desizing
1. Batch size....................... 60 kg Denim Long Pant.
2. Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.............. 540 litres.
3. Start the machine.
4. Temperature.................... 60c
5. Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre ............ 324 gm.
6. Add Detergent / Antistain @ 1 gm / litre..... 540 gm.
7. Time................................ 15 to 25 mts.
8. Drop the liquor.
Second Step: Hot Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.............. 540 litres.

P a g e | 18

2. Temperature....................................... 60c.
3. Time................................................... 5 mts.
Third Step: Bleaching
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 litres.
2. Machine running.
3. Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre.. 4800 Gms.
4. Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre ............................... 2400 Gms.
5. Temperature............................................................ 60c.
6. Time (Depend upon the shade).................... 12 to 15 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
8. Rinse twice, each 3 minutes.
Fourth Step: Neutral Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.......................... 540 litres.
2. Add sodium hyposulphite @ 3 gm/litre ....... 1620 Gms.
3. Temperature ......................................................... 40c.
4. Time (Depend upon the shade).............. 10 to 12 mts.
5. Drop the liquor.
6. Rinse one.
Fifth Step: Soft Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 litres.
2. Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm/litre ..................... 288 Gms.
3. Cationic softner @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 480 Gms.
4. Time................................ 5 mts.
5. Drop the liquor.
6. Unload the garments to trolley.

P a g e | 19

Sixth Step: Hydroextractor Machine

Hydroextraction the garment to remove excess water from the washed
garments.
Seventh Step: Drying Machine
1. Load 40 kg garments
2. Set temperature ................ 75c to 85c.
3. Time ......................... 35 to 40 mts.
4. Time ..................... 10 minutes in cold dry.
Eighth Step: Delivery
After quality checking garment will be delivery.
4) STONE WASH:
Stone wash means washing garments with special stones so that
garments achieve a very strong washed effect. Volcanic stones are used in
such wash abrade exposed parts of the garments, this idea of washing
with porous volcanic stones is to give the garment a strong and rough
wash to achieve the pronounced washed effect through abrasion on the
exposed areas, such as the seams and pocket corners.
Sometimes, bleach is added to the wash so that the color fades in a more
pronounced manner. This is done to make navy blue jeans into a more
faded light blue. Such wash requires a lot of skill, experience;
workmanship and expertise so that desired results are achieved. In stone
wash the following points should be carefully checked:
(1) Size of the stones: Stone size is very important in stone wash. They
have varied affect on the garment being washed. Larger stones give tough
abrasion while smaller ones lend less abrasion. Stone should be selected
based on the required abrasion affect as well as type of fabric of the
garments. Larger stones may, however, damage comparatively lightweight fabric. Smaller stones give softer abrasion.
(2) Garment-Stone ratio: (Weight of stones relative to the weight of
garment) Wash with more stones may lead to more apparent blue/white
contrast on the fabric.
(3) Washing time: Washing time also much important in stone wash.
(4) Quantity of bleach: Use of more bleach can shorten wash time and
leads to more productivity. Bleach, however, cannot be used
indiscriminately. Disproportionate amount of bleach may lead to loss of
the desired blue/white contrast on the fabric. In order to achieve better

P a g e | 20

result, one should cut a balance between quantity of bleach, stone size
and amount of stone. Sometimes one needs to use the normal quantity of
stone and longer washing time to achieve the color standard
requirements.
Object of Stone Washing:
1. To create or produce irregular fading or old looking
affect on garments.
2. To remove dust, oil spot, impurities from the
garments.
3. For soft felling to wear the garments i.e; to improve
softness.
4. To achieve the buyer washing standard.
Procedure of Stone Washing:
1. Load stones into machine.
2. Load garments into machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight
stones:1 part weight garments).
3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent. Liquor ratio
approximately 5-8:1.
4. Rinse.
5. Refill and tumble with stones 30 to 90 minutes, depending upon desired
effect. Liquor ratio 5-8:1 at 50-70C. Scouring additives can also be used.
6. Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be transferred to
another machine).
7. Rinse.
8. Apply softener (garments can be transferred to another machine for
softening).
9. Extract and unload.
10. De-stone and tumble dry.
11. Press, if required.
Softeners and/or lubricants can be added during steps three and five to
reduce creasing potential. Steps 8, 9, and 10 may vary depending upon
individual mill arrangement.
Stonewash with Chlorine:
By incorporating chlorine in the stonewash procedure, a color reduction of
the indigo (or other chlorine sensitive dyestuff) is obtained. It is very
important that any residual chlorine be removed before drying to prevent
fiber degradation. This is accomplished by using an antichlor step with
sodium bisulfite or hydrogen peroxide.

P a g e | 21

Working Procedure:
1. Load stones into machine.
2. Load garments into machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight
stones:1 part garments).
3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent (liquor ratio
approximately 10:1).
4. Rinse.
*5. Refill and add sodium or calcium hypochlorite.
6. Heat to 55C.
7. Tumble 15 minutes.
8. Add second portion of sodium or calcium hypochlorite.
9. Tumble 15 minutes, maintaining temperature of 55C.
10. Drain.
11. Rinse well.
12. Antichlor with sodium bisulfite or hydrogen peroxide.
13. Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be transferred to
another machine).
14. Rinse well.
15. Apply softener.
16. Extract and unload.
17. De-stone and tumble dry.
18. Press, if required.
* Amount of sodium or calcium hypochlorite required will vary depending
upon desired level of bleach down and the sensitivity of the color to
chlorine. Each addition can range from 0.075% to 0.225% available
chlorine. pH should be kept above 9.0, preferably 10.5-11.0. This is
accomplished with the addition of soda ash with each addition of
hypochlorite.

5) ACID WASH:
This is a patented process and can be used only on permission. This is
also a kind of stone wash. The wash is performed in two steps: in the first
step garment is washed without water and in the 2nd step with water.
(1) Soak volcanic stones in potassium permanganate solution. Stones
absorb chemicals and become saturated. The stones are then dried in
normal air or sun. The stones are ready for work.
(2) Denim garments are now made ready for wash. They are desized /
destarched in water in a tumble washer and dried in a spin dryer.

P a g e | 22

(3) The garments are put in a separate tumble

washer filled with treated stones. Water is not added.
Now run the tumble dryer wash the garments without
water. Tumble washer is run to wash the garments
without water. Stone will abrade the garments,
especially, the exposed parts. Hidden parts will not
be abraded.
(4) Thereafter, the garments are taken out of the
tumble and transferred to another tumble filled with
water for washing and rinsing. After rinsing is over,
the prominent acid wash effect will show up.
The treated stones carry the chemical to bleach the
exposed parts and bleach them to white. But the
hidden parts remain untouched. Whitening agents
are often added to water during rinse to make the
white color in the blue jeans whiter to display acid wash.
In order to accelerate the garment wash effect and to give garments an
even more unique appearance and softer hand, abrasive stones were
introduced to the wash bath. A variety of natural and synthetic stones are
available for stonewashing with perhaps the most widely used being
pumice or volcanic rock. As the stones are used, they slowly disintegrate,
reducing the severity of the stonewash effect over a period of time. The
stones not only abrade the fabric but also gradually abrade the inside of
the rotary drum. A machine used for stonewashing should not be used to
dye delicate articles or when abrasion would be detrimental to the fabric.

P a g e | 23

Stone washing machine

Object of Stone Washing:

1. To create or produce irregular fading or old looking affect on
garments.
2. To remove dust, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
3. For soft felling to wear the garments i.e; to improve softness.
4. To achieve the buyer washing standard.
Procedure of Stone Washing:
1. Load stones into machine.
2. Load garments into machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight
stones:1 part weight garments).
3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent. Liquor ratio
approximately 5-8:1.
4. Rinse.
5. Refill and tumble with stones 30 to 90 minutes, depending upon desired
effect. Liquor ratio 5-8:1 at 50-70C. Scouring additives can also be used.
6. Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be transferred to
another machine).
7. Rinse.
8. Apply softener (garments can be transferred to another machine for
softening).
9. Extract and unload.
10. De-stone and tumble dry.
11. Press, if required.
Softeners and/or lubricants can be added during steps three and five to
reduce creasing potential. Steps 8, 9, and 10 may vary depending upon
individual mill arrangement.

Stonewash with Chlorine:

By incorporating chlorine in the stonewash procedure, a color reduction of
the indigo (or other chlorine sensitive dyestuff) is obtained. It is very
important that any residual chlorine be removed before drying to prevent
fiber degradation. This is accomplished by using an antichlor step with
sodium bisulfite or hydrogen peroxide.

P a g e | 24

Working Procedure:
1. Load stones into machine.
2. Load garments into machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight
stones:1 part garments).
3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent (liquor ratio
approximately 10:1).
4. Rinse.
*5. Refill and add sodium or calcium hypochlorite.
6. Heat to 55C.
7. Tumble 15 minutes.
8. Add second portion of sodium or calcium hypochlorite.
9. Tumble 15 minutes, maintaining temperature of 55C.
10. Drain.
11. Rinse well.
12. Antichlor with sodium bisulfite or hydrogen peroxide.
13. Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be transferred to
another machine).
14. Rinse well.
15. Apply softener.
16. Extract and unload.
17. De-stone and tumble dry.
18. Press, if required.
* Amount of sodium or calcium hypochlorite required will vary depending
upon desired level of bleach down and the sensitivity of the color to
chlorine. Each addition can range from 0.075% to 0.225% available
chlorine. pH should be kept above 9.0, preferably 10.5-11.0. This is
accomplished with the addition of soda ash with each addition of
hypochlorite.

6) ENZYME WASH:
Enzyme wash is performed with a kind of live cell. Enzyme can break
some fibers of fabric and gives the fabric special effect desired on the
garment. Enzyme wash provides the fabric a soft, sanded or "peached"
effect very desirable on many garments. Enzyme wash is also useful for
indigo denim.
In this case enzyme can replace stone but gives denim a stone wash look,
with better and nicer blue and white contrast on the fabric. Enzyme wash
is, however, costlier than stone wash.

P a g e | 25
Now in our Bangladesh maximum Denim garment washing is done by stone enzyme wash.
It is most popular wash for Buyer.

Objects of Stone Enzyme Wash:

1. To create irregular fading affect on old looking affect on
garments.
2. To remove dust, dart, oil spot, impurities from the
garments.
3. For soft feeling to wear the garments i.e. to improve
softness.
4. To achieve the buyer washing standard.
5. To remove the size materials from the garments.
6. To improve anti-pilling properties.
Process of Stone Enzyme Wash:
A process of stone enzyme wash of 60 kg batch of Denim
Long Pant as mentioned below:

First Step: Pretreatment/Desizing

1. Batch size....................... 60 kg Denim Long Pant.
2. Add water @ L: R = 1 : 9 ............................ 540 litres.
3. Start the machine.
4. Temperature.................... 60c
5. Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre................. 324 gm.
6. Add Detergent / Antistain @ 1 gm / litre ......... 540 gm.
7. Time................................ 15 to 25 mts.
8. Drop the liquor.
Second Step: Hot Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.............. 540 litres.
2. Temperature.................................... 60c.
3. Time................................................. 5 mts.

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Third Step:
1. Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .............. 480 litres.
2. Add pumic stone @ vol of garments.
3. Add Enzyme @ 1.50 gm/litre ..................... 720 Gms.
4. Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm/litre .................. 288 Gms.
5. Add Antistain @ 0.8 gm/litre ..................... 384 Gms.
6. Temperature......................................... 40c to 50c
7. Time (Depend upon the shade) .......... 60 to 70 mts.
8. Then temperature raise to 90c for 1 minute.
9. Drop the liquor.
10.

Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.

11.

Then pumic stone out from washing machine

Fourth Step: Bleaching

1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 litres.
2. Machine running.
3. Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre ....4800 gms.
4. Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre................................ 2400 gms.
5. Temperature........................................................... 60c.
6. Time (Depend upon the shade) ..................... 12 to 15 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
8. Rinse twice, each 3 minutes.
Fifth Step: Neutral Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 9 ............................ 540 litres.
2. Add sodium hyposulphite @ 3 gm/litre ....... 1620 Gms.
3. Temperature..................................................... 40c.

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4. Time ............................................................. 10 to 12 mts.

5. Drop the liquor.
6. Rinse one.
Sixth Step: Soft Wash
1. Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .............. ..............480 litre.
2. Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm/litre ..................... 288 Gms.
3. Cationic softner @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 480 Gms.
4. Time................................ 5 mts.
5. Drop the liquor.
6. Unload the garments to trolley.
Seventh Step:Hydroextractor Machine

Hydroextraction the garment to remove excess water from the

washed garments.

Eighth Step:Drying Machine

1. Load 40 kg garments
2. Set temperature ................ 75c to 85c.
3. Time ......................... 35 to 40 mts.
4. Time ..................... 10 minutes in cold dry.
Ninth Step:Delivery

After quality checking garment will be delivery.

7) CAUSTIC WASH:
Caustic wash is basically a pre- printing wash. Caustic is a strong chemical
with highly corrosive features. Prior to printing on cotton fabrics, grey
goods are treated in boiling water with caustic, which has also strong
cleaning power especially for grease. This wash can remove all soil, dirt,
grease, fine particles of cotton seeds as well as all foreign materials. As a

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result only pure cotton fiber in the fabric for printing is left. This leads to
stability of printing and well cleaned fabric. However, when we want to do
caustic wash on garments, we just do the opposite of the above; prior to
printing fabric is not treated with caustic wash for cleaning.
Printing is done on the row & unclean fabric so that
30% of the printing done on the surface may
eventually fade away. Finally, printed
garments are caustic washed. This leads to,
about 30% of the printing washed away
along with the foreign materials- leaving
about 70% of the printing on the fabric.
This eventually makes the design or stripe
of desired look. For this type of wash, the
printing must be pigment print with
binder. Baking treatment should also be
performed so that
The color will stay on the fabric more or
less securely to coincide with the caustic
wash to be done later.
Flow Chart of Caustic Wash:
Step 01: Desizing
Water is added (400 Lt)

Garments are added

Machine started running

320 gm Detergent added

320gm Caustic soda added

Temperature raise to 60C

Time 20-60 minutes

Drop the liquor

Add water and cold wash

Step 02: Neutral Wash

about

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Add water 300 lit

Temperature cold

Acetic acid 150gm added

Time 5 minutes
Step 03: Softening
Water is added (400 Lt)

Garments are added

Machine started running

240 gm Softener added

200gm Acetic acid added

160gm silicon softener added

Temperature Cold

Time 15 minutes

Drop the liquor

Unlaod garments on trolley

Step 04: Hydro Extracting
Load the garments on m/c

R.P.M 700-900

Time 3-5 minutes

Unload the garments on trolley

Step 05: Dyeing
Load the garments on dryer m/c

Temp 60- 70C

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Time 40-50 minutes

Time 10-15 minutes for cold dry

Unload the garments

8) GARMENT WASH AND OVER-DYE:

This type of wash is also used for denim garments to give them a special
look. This is performed in the following way:
(8.1) Wash the denim garments with stone so that the double needle
seams, pocket flaps and exposed parts get washed down to light blue
color or white.
(8.2) Put into dye the tumble to dye the garments to get the desired color.
(8.3) A coat of new color will appear on to the garment, especially, in
areas where the garment has been washed to a light shade. This creates a
special but different look. In this process of wash, the lining or pocketing
will pick up the color too. By this wash, direct dye or reactive dye same as
dyeing fabrics or yarn may be used. Direct dye is cheaper. So, direct dye
may be used with concomitant use of color fixing agent, after dyeing to
make the color more stable. In case of solid color fabric staining within the
garment is not a problem. However, if garments of different colors are
washed together by the consumers, color may transfer to other garments,
so reactive dye is more preferable.

9) WHITENING:
Whitening agents are used to create a super white look. (Unless the
garments you wash is all colored namely no white color at all in the fabric,
you should use whitening powder in the rinsing process to make the white
part more white) In denim where there are colored warp threads and white
weft threads. If such garments undergo "stone wash and bleach"
whitening powder is used in the final rinsing. This makes the white threads
in the fabric whiter and generates a stronger contrast between blue and
white on the surface of the fabric.
After washing denim check the reverse side of the fabric to evaluate if
adequate whitening agent has been used during rinsing. It is a common
practice that garments having white parts should be washed with

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whitening powder at the time of rinse. This generates a lively and desired
look.
10) Tinting & Over Dyeing:
After denim pant is being faded, the pants have dyed with very light
color(.001% or .002%yellow or pink). This dyeing process is
called Tinting/Over dyeing .This process is applied only on garments, not
in fabric or yarn.

Tinting and over dyeing can be highlighted by the following way:

1. This type of process is done after different types of washing before
softening.
2. Normally after Acid wash, Stone wash, Stone enzyme wash, Sand
Blasting, Enzyme wash etc. tinting & over dyeing is done.
3. Tinting & over dyeing is done with Direct dyes or Reactive dyes.
4. Due to tinting and over dyeing, the white/base area colored with
required dye yellow,Brown, Orange etc.
5. As a result, new color effect is produced in the garments.
6. If direct dye is used then color fixing treatment should be done at
the end of dying process. In case over dyeing/Tinting with reactive
dyes, color fastness is good hence no after treatment is required to
fix the reactive dyes.
Tinting by Direct Dye:
First Step: After different wet processing i.e. Acid wash, Stone wash,
Enzyme wash, Stone enzyme wash, Bleach wash take 60 kg garment for
Tinting & over dyeing.
1. Water at L : R = 1: 7.............. 420 Liter
2. Run the Machine.
3. Temperature................. 50 - 80c
4. Dir. Brown GTL - at 0.04%........... 24 Gms.
5. Dir. Orange ZTL- at 0.01%........... 6 Gms.

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6. Add Salt at 20 gm / liter ............ 8.40 kg.

7. Add Leveling agent at 0.5% /........ 210

gm.

8. Time................................ 10 to 30 mts.
9. Rinse by cold water 3 minutes.
Second Step: Fixing
1. Batch size .............................. 60 kg.
2. Water at L : R = 1: 7.............. 420 Liter
3. Run the Machine.
4. Temperature................. 50c
5. Add fixing agent at 0.8 %(owf) ... 480 gm.
6. Time............................................ 10 mts.
Third Step: Softening.
1. Batch size.................... 60 kg.
2. Water at L : R = 1 : 7 ............................ 420 Liter
3. Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter ............ 250 gm.
4. Add Cationic softener at 1 gm/liter ...... 420 gm.
5. Time................................ 10 mts.
6. Drop the liquor.
7. Then unload the garments on trolley.
Fourth Step: Hydro extractor machine.
Hydroextractor machine is used to remove excess water from the
garments. Fifth Step: - Dryer machine. After hydro extraction the garments
are sent to drying m/c for complete drying. Sixth Step: - Quality &
Delivery. After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify
washing fault and then good one delivery.

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Tinting by Reactive dye:

First Step: After different wet processing i.e. Acid wash, Stone wash,
Enzyme wash, Stone enzyme wash, Bleach wash take 60 kg garment for
Tinting & over dyeing.
1. Water at L : R = 1: 7.... 420 Liter
2. Run the Machine.
3. Temperature................. 60c
4. Reactive Red
5. Reactive Yellow - Brown ......... 100 gm.
6. Reactive Black 7. Leveling agent - at 0.5 gm / liter.......240 gm.
8. Salt - at 20 gm / liter........... 8.40 kg.
9. Soda ash at 10 gm / liter ............ 4.20 kg.
10.

Time................................ 20 to 30 mts.

11.

Drop the liquor.

Second Step: Fixing.

1. Batch size.................... 60 kg.
2. Water at L: R = 1 : 8 .............. 480 Liter
3. Run the Machine.
4. Temperature.................................. 50c
5. Add fixing agent at1 gm / liter..... 480 gm.
6. Time............................................. 10 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
Third Step: Softening.
1. Batch size.................... 60 kg.

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2. Water at L : R = 1: 7.............. 420 Liter

3. Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter ............ 250 gm.
4. Add Cationic softener at 1 gm/liter ...... 420 gm.
5. Time................................ 10 mts.
6. Drop the liquor.
7. Then unload the garments on trolley
Fourth Step: Hydro extractor machine.
Hydro extractor machine is used to remove excess water from the
garments. Fifth Step: - Dryer machine. After hydro extraction the garments
are sent to drying m/c for complete drying. Sixth Step: - Quality &
Delivery. After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify
washing fault and then good one delivery.

Hand Scrapping

Grinding and
Destroy

Sand
blasting
Broken
and

Silicon
wash
Stone
enzyme
wash
Super
White
wash

Permanent Wrinkle
Pigment Wash

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