Presentation On DESERTEC Project

Critical Analysis of DESERTEC
P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah

Renewable Energy Management, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg
24.07.2014
P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

DESERTEC
Management, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg)
24.07.2014
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Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Introduction
Technology
Economic aspects
Socio-political aspect
Recommendations
Conclusion
References
Solar Power from Mirrors in the

Desert

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Introduction
Concept of DESERTEC
Deserts as almost inexhaustible energy source
Direct sunlight and wind power readily available in desert sites of MENA
region can be converted into electricity using available technology and
transported via HVDC lines to meet the energy demand of 90% of world
population.
Inclusion of locally available energy sources
Along side the development of RE technologies, locally available fossil or
conventional sources are also considered.
Participation of civil society
For the success of the project paritication of broad civil society is an
essential factor
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Introduction
Concept of DESERTEC
Figure 1 : DESERTEC Concept (Klawiter, 2010).

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Introduction
Important milestones
2003-2007: Development of the DESERTEC Concept by TREC
2007: Presentation of the WhiteBook for DESERTEC in EU-MENA
2008: Launch of the Solar Plan of the Union for the Mediterranean
(UfM)
2009: Establishment of the DESERTEC Foundation and DII
2010: Foundation of the industrial initiative Transgreen/Medgrid
2010: Foundation of the DESERTEC University Network
2011, 2012, 2013: Projects in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt

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Introduction
Key Actor involved with DESERTEC

Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC)
Club of Rome
Hamburg Climate Protection Foundation
National Energy Research Center (NRC) of Jordan
German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and
Nuclear Safety (BMU)
DESERTEC Foundation
DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII)

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Introduction
DESERTEC Foundation
Established in 2009
Founding members arevarious scientists of TREC,
the German Association of the Club of Rome
private committers and long-term promoters of the DESERTEC concept
DESERTEC Foundation can be regarded as the guardian of the

concept

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Introduction
DESERTEC Industrial Initiative

Founded in October, 2009
To undertake further steps towards implementation, such as the
establishing suitable framework conditions, undertaking feasibility
studies and developing project plans
Founding members areDESERTEC Foundation
Munich Re (Insurance Company)
Deutsche Bank(Project finance provider)
Siemens, SCHOTT solar
During 2010, the DII enhanced its network to include 18 shareholders

and 32 associated partners from 13 countries

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Technology
Technological Aspect of DESERTEC

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Technology
Technological aspects of DESERTEC
Technological focus of DESERTEC is based on Concentrated Solar

Thermal Power (CSP) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
transmission lines.
For long term success, the project need to combine multipurpose
technologies.
For example- CSP plants near the coastal region can be combined with
seawater desalination plants, so that they not only produce electricity,
but also drinking water.

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Technology
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines

The line losses are very low
only around 3% per 1000 km.
The extra cost is only 1-2
cents per kilowatt hour.
Lines take up less space than
conventional AC power lines.
Can be laid over long
distances underground.
Figure 2 : Cross-section of submarine

HVDC cable (13 cm).
Figure 3 : Schematic of typical HVDC transmission system.

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Technology
Proposed HVDC network
Figure 4 : Schematic of DESERTECs HVDC transmission network.

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Technology
Technical advantages of HVDC lines

A comparison between typical transmission losses of HVDC and
conventional AC lines are presented in table below for transmission of 5 GW
electricity.
Table 1 : Comparision of transmission losses between HVDC and HVAC
Parameter
Operation Voltage
overhead line losses
sea cable losses
terminal losses
Unit
kV
%/ 1000 km
%/ 100 km
%/ station
HVAC
750 1150
8%
6%
60% 50%
0.2% 0.2%
HVDC
600 800
5%
2.5%
0.33% 0.25%
0.7%
0.6%

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Technology
Concentrating Solar Thermal Power
Figure 5 : Various CSP systems.
Figure 6 : Schematic of a typical CSP power plant.

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Economic aspects
Economic Aspects of DESERTEC

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Economic aspects
Economic advantages of HVDC transportation

A comparison between typical transmission losses of HVDC and
conventional AC lines are presented in table below for transmission for 5
GW electricity.
Table 2 : Cost comparison of HVDC and HVAC transmission lines
Parameter
Operation Voltage
overhead line cost
sea cable cost
terminal cost
Unit
kV
M/ 1000 km
M/ 100 km
M/ station
HVAC
750
1150
400-750 1000
3500
5900
80
80
HVDC
600
800
400-450 250-300
2500
1800
250-300 250-300

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Economic aspects
Economic advantages of HVDC transportation
HVDC better adapted for

transporting energy over
more than 1000 km.
Summarized we get an
energy loss of about 3%
per 1000 km for HVDC.
Figure 7 : Cost curves for both
HVAC and HVDC lines.
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Economic aspects
Economic problems
Who pays for it?

Generating power with CSPs is not profitable in comparison to
conventional possibilities
Not many investors are interested at the moment
The involved companies are able to afford only about 30% of the costs
It is not possible to schedule such a big project properly or to estimate
the costs correctly

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Social Aspects of DESERTEC

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Energy Trends in MENA Region

30% growth rate of renewable energies annually since 2000
RE is now part of all MENA countries energy policies (developed in last
5 years)
Electric demand predicted to be 6-8% with growing population and
growing number of appliances per capita
Figure 8 : MENA regional map

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Shareholders
Laborers: employees, contractors, and subcontractors

Environment
locals and indigenous peoples
MENA countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen
Social, political, and welfare rights

Anyone else whose is affected
EU member states

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Criticism: Energy Colonialism

HVDC lines take the energy
from the Sahara to Europe
without the local reaping
benefits
Protest at World Social Forum in
2013 headed by Tunisian
representative
No voice for the poor and
marginalized locals only
investors
Figure 9 : Cartoon- energy colonialism
Egyptian diplomat said:

Why shall we limit ourselves to export fruit to Europe? Why not solar energy?
This would boost sustainable development much more!

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Positive social impacts

Enough energy for desalinization
Provide clean water for growing population
Provide agriculture & food production
Jobs
1,000 permanent jobs would be created in the region
Factory and production jobs for the CSP
Availability of mining jobs
Rare earth elements in the desert
Mining generally is very energy intensive, so renewable energy can be
produced very close to where it is used
Money: For example, 60% of desertec investments would be kept

within the country

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Set-Backs in Planning
Since its initial proposal and planning stage, key investors (like Bosch
and Siemens) have pulled out
Spain backs out of supporting the plant in Ouarzazate, Morocco
Should have been a 500 MW project
Other projects were to follow in Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria
Spiegel says:
DESERTEC is primarily an idea out of the back room of the Club of Rome,
that body of mostly old men who ponder how to save the world.

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Current status of DESERTEC
A group of 37 members will take on the project

EUROSOL, based in Ludwigshafen, is a partner. As is Desertec Power,
based in Hamburg
First phase is to build 37 GW in 15 MENA (middle east / north Africa)
countries within the next decade
This will further be developed to produce hundreds of GW

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Recommendations
Recommendations
Energy Allocation
Majority of production should be used in MENA region. Not only HVDC
lines, also low and medium AC lines should be used
Land and Water Rights

Water of CSP may reduce water for the people
Land used for CSP may be inconvenient, valuable, or sacred for local
people
Conflict between energy production and energy production b/c of water
requirements
Employment: Training should be granted for local workers. Especially

becausethere is a large wave of young workers entering the work force now
unemployment is high

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Conclusion
Conclusion
In summaryThe DESERTEC concept is based on extensive utilisation of RE and
notion of sustainability
There are no severe technological barriers
However the global aim is still characterised by an extraordinary
degree of insecurity
The socio-political scenarios prevailing in MENA region must be
considered
Outcomes of the project should relate and appeal to the locals of
production site

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References
References
http://www.desertec.org/
http://www.th.physik.uni-bonn.de/People/dreiner/HOMEPAGE/TEACHING/ENERGIE-Vortraege/Desertec.pptx
Klawitter, J., Schinke, B., Gobel, T. Desetec and Human Development
at the Local Level in the MENA- Region: A human rights-based and
sustainable livelihoods analysis. Diakonisches Wesk der EKD e.V. for
Brot fur die Welt. Stuttgart. Oktober 2011.
Coates, C. Moroccan Solar Sees Path Forward With or Without
Desertec. Forbes. December, 2012.
Snieckus, D. IN DEPTH: Desertecs second wind. Recharge News.
July, 2014.
Kwasniewski, N. Desertec on the Ropes: Competitors and Opponents
Threaten Energy Plan. April, 2013. Spiegel Online.
Pictures are collected from various websites
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References
The End!

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References
Thank you for your attention! Any Quetions?

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Critical Analysis of DESERTEC

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Solar Power from Mirrors in the

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Figure 1 : DESERTEC Concept (Klawiter, 2010).

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Key Actor involved with DESERTEC

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

DESERTEC Foundation can be regarded as the guardian of the

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

DESERTEC Industrial Initiative

During 2010, the DII enhanced its network to include 18 shareholders

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Technological Aspect of DESERTEC

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Technological aspects of DESERTEC

Technological focus of DESERTEC is based on Concentrated Solar

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines

Figure 2 : Cross-section of submarine

Figure 3 : Schematic of typical HVDC transmission system.

Proposed HVDC network

Figure 4 : Schematic of DESERTECs HVDC transmission network.

Technical advantages of HVDC lines

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Concentrating Solar Thermal Power

Figure 5 : Various CSP systems.

Figure 6 : Schematic of a typical CSP power plant.

Economic Aspects of DESERTEC

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Economic advantages of HVDC transportation

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Economic advantages of HVDC transportation

HVDC better adapted for

Who pays for it?

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Social Aspects of DESERTEC

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Energy Trends in MENA Region

Figure 8 : MENA regional map

Laborers: employees, contractors, and subcontractors

Social, political, and welfare rights

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Criticism: Energy Colonialism

Figure 9 : Cartoon- energy colonialism

Egyptian diplomat said:

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Positive social impacts

Money: For example, 60% of desertec investments would be kept

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Current status of DESERTEC

A group of 37 members will take on the project

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Land and Water Rights

Employment: Training should be granted for local workers. Especially

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

Thank you for your attention! Any Quetions?

P. Prachurja, R. Basnet, S. Klawiter & K. Shah (Renewable Energy

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