STUDENT COLLOQUIUM REPORT ON PRODUCT SURVEY

OF
ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATION

Prepared By: - GROUP NO. 7

NIRAV PATEL

BHUPENDRASINH ZALA

LAHERU PUNIT

HIREN DARJI

KEYUR SAVALIYA

MITESH SHAH

1
AUTHORISATION

The Report is submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement program of MBA

program of STEVENS BUSINESS SCHOOL, AHMEDABAD.

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

It is indeed an opportunity to prepare this report. Preparation of such type of report calls
for intellectual nourishment, professional help and encouragement from many areas.

I would like to thank Stevens Business School for the compulsion of this most
wonderful aspect of our MBA curriculum without which knowledge of management
studies is incomplete and futile.

I would like to thank and express my gratitude to Dr. Himani Joshi for providing us her
guidance and co- operation.

Lastly, I would like to thank to all those who had helped us directly or indirectly in
completing this project successfully.

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SR NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.
1 Introduction 05
2 Product Range 07
3 Market Analysis 13
4 Advertisement of Anti-Diabetic 22
Drugs
5 Distribution Channel 23
7 Pricing 24
8 Conclusion 24
9 Summary 25
10 Reference 26

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WHAT IS THE DIABETES MELLITUS?
DEFINITION

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies

characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, protein, and
fat metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

TYPES OF DIABETES
1. Type I diabetes

A. Immune mediated
B. Idiopathic

 Formerly known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset

diabetes mellitus, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the ß-cells of the
pancreas, rendering the pancreas unable to synthesize and secrete insulin.
 It usually occurs before the age of 30, has a short asymptomatic period, and runs a
severe clinical course.

2. Type II diabetes

 Formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult

onset diabetes, results from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate
insulin secretion.
 Onset is usually after the age of 30 years and the prevalence increases with age.

3. Other specific types

A. Genetic defects of b-cell function

B. Genetic defects in insulin action
C. Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
D. Endocrinopathies
E. Drug- or chemical-induced
F. Infections
G. Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes (IMD)
H. Other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes

4. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

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ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS
WHAT ARE THE ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS ?

A drug which reduces the blood glucose level by enhancing the insulin secretion or by
increasing the glucose metabolism.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANT DIABETIC DRUGS

Anti-diabetic drugs can be classified into two categories:

1. Insulin injections: Mostly used on serious cases of diabetes.

2. Oral ant diabetic drugs: Suitable for most adult patients. There are two common types
of oral ant diabetic drugs:

a) Sulphonylureas: They increase insulin secretion. Common examples are

chlorpropamide, glibenclamide and gliclazide.

b) Biguanides
Metformin is an example.

These drugs can only be sold on doctor’s prescription in registered dispensaries.

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PRODUCT RANGE
Anti diabetic drugs are available in various dosage forms and in various quantity of
active pharmaceutical ingredient.

The various available dosage forms are,

-Control release tablets

-Sustain release tablets
-Extended release tablets
-Semi tablets
-Capsules
-Parental preparation (Subcutaneous rout of administration)

ANTI DIABETIC TABLETS

The active pharmaceutical ingredient which are used as anti diabetic tablets are as below

-Chlorpropamide
-Tolbutamide
-Glibenclamide
-Glipizide
-Glicazide
-Glimepride
-Phenformin
-Metformin
-Acarbose
-Repaglide
-Rosiglitazone
-Pioglitazone
-Combination Of Gliclazide And Rosiglitazone
-Combination of Metformin and Glibenclamide
-Combination of Metformin and Glipizide
-Combination of Metformin and Gliclazide
-Combination of Metformin and Glimepride
-Combination of Metformin and Rosiglitazone
-Combination of Metformin and Pioglitazone
-Combination of Pioglitazone and Glimepride

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The quantity of API per tablet is also vary according to type of API and the available
tablets contains following range of quantity

0.5mg, 1mg, 1.25mg, 2mg, 3mg, 4mg, 5mg, 6mg, 8mg, 10mg, 15mg, 30mg, 40mg,
50mg, 80mg, 100mg, 120mg, 125mg, 250mg, 850mg, 1000mg.

ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS ACCRODING TO COMPANY NAME

COMPANY MARKET QUANTITY OF ACTIVE
NAME NAME ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT INGREDIENT
BOVINE
US VITAMINE FASTACT NEUTRAL INSULIN (SOLUBLE)
US VITAMINE GLYCOR GLICLAZIDE 80MG
US VITAMINE GLYBORAL GLIBENCLAMIDE 2.5MG
US VITAMINE GLYBORAL GLIBENCLAMIDE 5MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE GLIPIZIDE 2.5MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE GLIPIZIDE 5MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE GLIPIZIDE 5MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE GLIPIZIDE 10MG
US VITAMINE GLYCOMET PREPARATION OF METFORMIN 500MG
US VITAMINE GLYCOMET PREPARATION OF METFORMIN 850MG
US VITAMINE GLYCOMET PREPARATION OF METFORMIN 1GM
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
US VITAMINE DUOTOROL GLIBENCLAMIDE METFORMIN 500MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
US VITAMINE DUOTOROL GLIBENCLAMIDE GLBENCLAMIDE 5MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE MF COMBINTION OF METFORMIN & GLIPIZIDE METFORMIN 500MG
US VITAMINE GLYNASE MF COMBINTION OF METFORMIN & GLIPIZIDE GLIPIZIDE 5MG
PROCINE-
US VITAMINE FASTACT NEUTRAL INSULIN (SOLUBLE)
BOVINE
US VITAMINE LONACT ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH)
HUMAN
US VITAMINE LONGACT ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH)
BOVINE-
US VITAMINE MIXACT PREMIXED BIPHASIC INSULIN
HUMAN-
US VITAMINE MIXACT PREMIXED BIPHASIC INSULIN
PORCINE
US VITAMINE MIXACT PREMIXED BIPHASIC INSULIN

SUN PHARMA GLUCOSAFE GLIBENCLAMIDE 2.5mg

SUN PHARMA GLYPRIDE GLIMEPRIDE 1MG
SUN PHARMA GLYPRIDE GLIMEPRIDE 2MG

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SUN PHARMA GLYPRIDE GLIMEPRIDE 4MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
SUN PHARMA GLUCORED GLIBENCLAMIDE METFORMIN 400MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
SUN PHARMA GLUCORED GLIBENCLAMIDE GLIBENCLAMIDE 2.5MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
SUN PHARMA GLUCORED GLIBENCLAMIDE METFORMIN 500MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
SUN PHARMA GLUCORED GLIBENCLAMIDE GLIBENCLAMIDE 5MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
SUN PHARMA PIOGLIT-MF PIOGLITAZONE METFORMIN 500MG
COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
SUN PHARMA PIOGLIT-MF PIOGLITAZONE PIOGLITAZONE 7.5MG
SUN PHARMA REZULT ROSIGLITAZONE 2MG
SUN PHARMA REZULT ROSIGLITAZONE 4MG
SUN PHARMA REZULT ROSIGLITAZONE 8MG
SUN PHARMA PIOGLIT PIOGLITAZONE 15MG
SUN PHARMA PIOGLIT PIOGLITAZONE 30MG

TORRENT
PHARMA AZUKON GLICLAZIDE 80MG
TORRENT
PHARMA AZUKON-MR GLICLAZIDE 30MG
TORRENT
PHARMA AZULIX GLIMEPRIDE 1MG
TORRENT
PHARMA AZULIX GLIMEPRIDE 2MG
TORRENT
PHARMA DIBETA-SR 500 PREPARATION OF METFORMIN 500MG
TORRENT
PHARMA DIBETA-SR 501 PREPARATION OF METFORMIN 1GM
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
PHARMA AZUKON-M GLICLAZIDE METFORMIN 500MG
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN &
PHARMA AZUKON-M GLICLAZIDE GLICAZIDE 80MG
TORRENT AZULIX 1/2 MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA FORTE GLIMEPRIDE METFORMIN 1000MG
TORRENT AZULIX 1/2 MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA FORTE GLIMEPRIDE GLIMEPRIDE 1MG
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA ENSELIN 2MF ROSIGLITAZONE METFORMIN 500MG
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA ENSELIN 2MF ROSIGLITAZONE ROSIGLITAZONE 2MG
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA ENSELIN-4MF ROSIGLITAZONE METFORMIN 500MG
TORRENT COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA ENSELIN-4MF ROSIGLITAZONE ROSIGLITAZONE 4MG
TORRENT ENSELIN 2MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA FORTE ROSIGLITAZONE METFORMIN 1000MG
TORRENT ENSELIN 2MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA FORTE ROSIGLITAZONE ROSIGLITAZONE 2MG
TORRENT ENSELIN 4MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH
PHARMA FORTE ROSIGLITAZONE METFORMIN 1000MG
TORRENT ENSELIN 4MF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN WITH ROSIGLITAZONE 4MG
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PHARMA FORTE ROSIGLITAZONE
TORRENT
PHARMA EUREPA REPLAGLINIDE 0.5MG
TORRENT
PHARMA EUREPA REPLAGLINIDE 1.0MG
TORRENT
PHARMA EUREPA REPLAGLINIDE 2.0MG
TORRENT
PHARMA ENSELIN ROSIGLITAZONE 2MG
TORRENT
PHARMA ENSELIN ROSIGLITAZONE 4MG
TORRENT
PHARMA ENSELIN ROSIGLITAZONE 8MG

ANTI-DIABETIC PARENTAL PREPARATIONS

Main API for parental preparation are,

-Neutral Insulin (Soluble)

-Isophane Insulin (NPH)
-Insulin Zinc Suspension (Lente Insulin)
-Premixed Biphasic Insulin
-Insulin Lispro
-Insulin Glargine

The available quantities of API in parental preparation are

-40i.u/ml (insulin units/ml)

-100i.u/ml (insulin units/ml)

The companies which manufacture parental preparation are

-ELI LILY
-NOVO NORDISK
-RANBAXY
-CADILA PHARMA
-SARABHAI

The major players in this market are ELI LILY and NOVO NORDISK.

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ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS ACCORDING TO COMPANY NAME
ACTIVE
MARKET PHARMACEUTICAL QUANTITY OF ACTIVE
COMPANY NAME NAME INGREDIENT INGREDIENT MRP(rs)

ELI LILY HUMANSULIN- NEUTRAL INSULIN

PHARMACEUTICAL R (SOLUBLE) 40i.u/ml 158
ELI LILY HUMANSULIN- NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMACEUTICAL R (SOLUBLE) 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY HUMANSULIN- NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMACEUTICAL R (SOLUBLE) 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMINSULIN-N ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 40i.u/ml 158
ELI LILY
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMINSULIN-N ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 100i.u/ml 352-358
ELI LILY
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMINSULIN-N ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMINSULIN-L (LENTE INSULIN) 40i.u/ml 158
ELI LILY HUMINSULIN PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMACEUTICAL 30:70 INSULIN 40i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY HUMINSULIN PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMACEUTICAL 30:70 INSULIN 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY HUMINSULIN PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMACEUTICAL 30:70 INSULIN 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY HUMINSULIN PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMACEUTICAL 50:50 INSULIN 40i.u/ml 158
ELI LILY HUMINSULIN PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMACEUTICAL 50:50 INSULIN 100i.u/ml 350
ELI LILY
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMALOG INSULIN LISPRO 40i.u/ml 158
ELI LILY
PHARMACEUTICAL HUMALOG INSULIN LISPRO 100i.u/ml 350

NOVO NORDISK NEUTRAL INSULIN

PHARMA ACTRAPID (SOLUBLE) 40i.u/ml 158
NOVO NORDISK ACTRAPID HM NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMA PENFILL (SOLUBLE) 100i.u/ml 396
NOVO NORDISK ACTRAPID NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMA NOVOLET (SOLUBLE) 3*5ML (PACK OF 5)
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMA ACTRAPID (SOLUBLE) 40i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMA ACTRAPID (SOLUBLE) 100i.u/ml 350
NOVO NORDISK NOVORAPID NEUTRAL INSULIN
PHARMA FLEXPEN (SOLUBLE) 300U/FLEXPEN
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN
PHARMA INSULATARD ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 40i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK
PHARMA INSULATARD ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 40i.u/ml 150

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NOVO NORDISK INSULATARD
PHARMA NOVOLET ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH)
NOVO NORDISK INSULATARD
PHARMA HM PENFILL ISOPHANE INSULIN (NPH) 296
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION
PHARMA MONOTARD (LENTE INSULIN) 40i.u/ml 158
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION
PHARMA MONOTARD (LENTE INSULIN) 100i.u/ml 350
NOVO NORDISK INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION
PHARMA LENTARD 40 (LENTE INSULIN) 40i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN- PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA MIXTARD INSULIN 40i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK HUMAN- PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA MIXTARD INSULIN 100i.u/ml 157
NOVO NORDISK PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA MIXTARD INSULIN 40i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK MIXTARD 30 PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA HM PENFILL INSULIN 100i.u/ml 350
NOVO NORDISK MIXTARD 50 PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA HM PENFILL INSULIN 100i.u/ml 150
NOVO NORDISK MIXTARD 30 PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA NOVOLET INSULIN
NOVO NORDISK MIXTARD 50 PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA NOVOLET INSULIN
NOVO NORDISK NOVOMIX 30 PREMIXED BIPHASIC
PHARMA FLEXPEN INSULIN 300U/FLEXPEN
NOVO NORDISK GLUCAGEN
PHARMA HYPOKIT GLUCAGON 1MG/ML

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MARKET ANALYSIS

THE INSULIN MARKET - MOVING WITH THE TIMES

Injectable insulin is under threat. The imminent arrival of non-injectable insulin could
finally topple the big insulin players off their comfortable perch, in the $7 bn industry
that has seen little real competition until now.

For decades after insulin was first launched, the two pharma giants Eli Lilly and Novo
Nordisk, enjoyed a free reign in the world market, although Lilly remained dominant.
This is because unlike the drugs in most other big dollar industries, insulin is not a
chemical compound, but a biological compound.
No laws exist to deal with the issue of biological patents and because of this most
companies found the existing insulin patents too hard to challenge.
The first real change came when Sanofi Aventis managed to grab a chunk of the market
in 2000 with the introduction of its novel once-daily long acting human insulin, Lantus,
achieving worldwide revenue of $290 m in the first two years.
The next change came more recently when Novo finally won the bitter tug-of-war and
broke free from Lilly after launching a series of novel insulin analogs that proved
popular with patients.
The continued rollout of its insulin analogs, coupled with the increase of its US-based
sales force to 600 reps finally knocked Lilly from the top spot and Novo Nordisk moved
into a US leadership position for the first time in late 2005.
With the approval of its new long-acting insulin analogue, Levemir, in June last year,
Novo Nordisk also became the first company with a full range of insulin analogues in
the US.
Shortly after, Eli Lilly admitted defeat and announced the discontinuation of its older-
style Iletin II Pork Insulin, Humulin U Ultralente and Humulin L Lente insulin products.
However, Novo may have won the battle for now but its reign may only be short lived,
as the anticipated launch of non-injectable insulin in the next few years is bound to
shake up this multibillion-dollar-a-year market once again.
This is because an alternative to injections has been long-awaited by the 40-50 million
Type 2 and 10 million type 1 diabetics worldwide who need insulin therapy but dream
of one day abandoning their needles.

13
More importantly, the thought of having to self-inject several times a day results in
many diabetics not taking their insulin treatment regularly, leaving them at risk of
serious health complications such as blindness, cardiovascular and circulatory problems
and kidney failure.
Therefore, if successful non-injectable insulin products are launched, analysts predict
sales could exceed $5 bn by the end of this decade.
In a pre-emptive move to capture the future insulin market and prevent current market
share erosion, Novo, Lilly and Sanofi/Pfizer have been working with biotech and drug
delivery companies for years to develop various forms of insulin that is inhaled by the
lungs and product launches are now imminent.
As Novo's reign comes under siege, the once sluggish insulin industry is poised to
explode in a flurry of activity, as Lilly attempts to claw its way back to the top and
Sanofi/Pfizer looks to blow them both out of the water with Exubera, the product likely
to hit Pharmacy shelves by the middle of this year.

68 percent of USV's business is contributed by the India operations and the rest by
export of APIs and Generics.

USV market its products globally to over 40 countries.

In financial year of 2008-09 USV's sales were Rs. 8,451 million.

USV's Indian business contributes to 67 percent of its sales.

In India USV is recognised for its leadership in the areas of diabetes where USV is a
leader by Rx and value in the oral segment.

Inhaled Insulin devices were earlier thought to make a big success, but Pfizer’s Exubera
was a big flop in 2006 with estimated revenues of 1/10th as what had been earlier
projected.

In 2005 use of Non-U100 insulin was very popular in India.

Anti-diabetic drug Actos (product of Takeda) control the highest market share of 40.5
percent globally from the period of October 2007 to October 2008.

Diabetes drug Actos sale was highest it was more than twice the sale of its nearest
competitor Januvia for the period of October 2007 to October 2008.

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China insulin and analogue market grow by 55.8 percent in the year 2007 compared to
2006.

Russia insulin market is expected to cross the mark of US$ 600 Million by 2010.

In 2004 Mexico insulin market was just 1 percent of its total pharmaceutical market.

The US has the dominant share in the global diabetes market, with 49.6% of 2005
global sales.

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GLOBAL INCREASE IN NUMBER OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

NUMBER OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

350
300
250
200 350
150 300
205 246
100 170
50 AMOUNT IN MILLIONS
0

GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALL ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS

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INSULIN MARKET IN US - 2009

INSULIN MARKET IN INDIA-2009

17
GLOBAL INSULIN MARKET-2009

MARKET SHARE OF VARIOUS FORMS OF INSULIN PREPARATION-2009

18
GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF INSULIN PEN-2009

SALE OF ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS IN 2009

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MAJOR PLAYERS IN ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC DRUGS

MAJOR MARKET PRODUCTS OF USV

20
MAJOR MARKET PRODUCTS OF SUN PHARMA

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ADVERTISEMENT OF ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS

Advertisement of the Any Pharmaceutical Drugs can not be done directly to the public
place or through the television or radio. It is possible with the following respective
manner only.

1. Medical representative :

Most of the advertisement of Pharmaceutical Product is carried out by this

method. A qualified person who has an adequate knowledge of the drugs will to
the registered Medical Practitioner and gives detail information to him with full
protocol about the drugs.

2. Magazine

Various pharmacuetical magazinws are available which maintaine up dated

reports of pharma industry as well as as pharma product. Such kind of magazine
provide complete data about the pharma company and it’s products. So, company
give there advertisements in such kind of magazines.
Various pharma magazines are

Pharmatimes,
Pharma AtoZ,
Pharmabuzz,
Pharmainfo,
Journal of pharmacy research

3. Web site

Drug can be advertisement through website like

www.pharmaall.com
www.pharmainfo.net
www.pharmabuzz.com
www.jpr.com

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 4. Free sample

Company distributes the free samples of medicine in hospitals or to the registered

Medical practitioner.

5. Broachers

Company prepares the broachers of particular product and distribute among

physicians.

6. Free check up camp and counseling :

Company organizes camp for free check up and also advice for medication.

7. Pharmaceutical fair like IPC, Pharmacy India 2009

Many companies participate in the pharma fair like Indian pharmaceutical

congress and pharmac india and put thire stalls and promote their products.

8. Seminars :

In this type of the particular method information of the Pharmaceutical Product is

given to the Medical Practitioner, Wholesalers and Retailers by conducting the
Seminar on that Particular product

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

1. Company – Depo – Stockist – Retailer - Customer

2. Company – Wholesaller – Stockist- Retailer- Customer

3. Company – Retailor – Customer

4. Company – Hospital – Customer

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PRICING
Anti diabetic drugs are covered in Life saving drugs and under Drug Price Control
Order (DPCO) and that’s why the margin on this kind of product is limited to 10 to 15%
for tablet preparations.

CONCLUSION

The increasing number of diabetes patients globally is proving a boon for diabetes drugs
market. The number of diabetic patients in the world is estimated to reach at more than
250 Million in 2010. The governments worldwide are taking initiatives on various
research and development projects in order to improve drug delivery techniques. This
may be beneficial in terms of growing consumer base in developing countries like India
and China. The main requirement of present market is to develop efficient delivery
methods at low cost and this may change the scenario of the industry. Most of the
insulin today is available in inject able form through syringes, pens, pumps and needle-
free devices; however, the pain and inconvenience caused by most of these devices are
driving pharmaceutical companies to discover other ‘painless’ modes of insulin
delivery, particularly oral methods. But, on the other hand, a low cost factor is also
playing a major part in success of new drug delivery methods. Now a day’s number of
diabetes patients has been increasing in India. We have to go for product development.
So company has to find convenient way of delivery and molecule development.

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SUMMARY
There are number of pharmaceutical companies playing in the Indian retail and
wholesale pharma industry. There are national and international players are the
constituents of Indian pharma industry.Here in this project report we have choosen
antidiabetic drug type and presented information regarding various companies market
shareprice discrimination of the drugs oral and injectable.

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REFERENCES

1. William H. Herman, Ronald E. Aubert, Mohammad A. Ali, Edward S. Sous and

Ahmed Badran. Diabetes mellitus in Egypt: risk factors, prevalence and future burden.
EMHJ Volume 3, Issue 1, 1997, Page 144-148.

2. Roberts AB, Baker JR, Metcalf P, et al. Fructosamine compared with a glucose load
as
a screening test for gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:773-775.

3. Business insights

4. 12.17 Company Market Share (%) For Insulin Products for the European
Market

5. Singer DE, Coley CM, Samet JH, et al. Tests of glycemia in diabetes mellitus. Ann
Intern Med 1989;110:125-137.

6. Indian drug review 2008-2009

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