R. Prabhakara, K. U. Muthu, and R.

Meenakshi

NOTATION
Asc , Ast

Area of compression and tension steel

Ms

Service load moment

As

Area of steel

Mu

Ultimate moment of resistance

Breadth of the beam

Intensity of load

Effective depth to the center of tensile reinforcement

ws

Intensity of sustained load

Total depth of beam

Neutral axis factor

Effective cover to the compression steel

yt

Distance from centroidal axis furthest fibre

Ec

Modulus of elasticity of concrete (4730 fc)

Elastic deflection coefficient

Es

Modulus of elasticity of steel

Constant

fc

Cylinder compressive strength of concrete

Central deflection

fr

Modulus of rupture of concrete

Short term deflection

fy

Yield strength of steel

Additional long term deflection

Icr

Cracked moment of inertia of the section

Tensile steel ratio (=Ast/bd)

Ie

Effective moment of inertia of the section

Balanced steel ratio

Ig

Gross moment of inertia of the section

Total tensile steel ratio (=+)

k1, k2

Constants in Equation (10) and (16) respectively

min

Minimum steel ratio

Span length

max

Maximum steel ratio

Modular ratio

Ma

Actual moment

Compression steel ratio (=Asc /bd)

Mcr

Cracking moment

Long time multiplier for sustained loads

Time dependent factor

REFERENCES
[1]

P. Desayi and R. Balaji , Reliability Of Singly And Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beams Designed According To IS
4561978 with Respect To Limit State Of Deflection, National Seminar on Recent Trends in Structural Analysis and
Design, 1987, p. 41.

[2]

S. Teng and D. E. Branson, Initial And Time Dependent Deformation of Progressively Cracking Nonprestressed and
Partially Prestressed Concrete Beams, ACI Structural Journal, 88 (1993), pp. 480488.

[3]

B. Massicotte, A. E. Elwi, and J. G. Macgregor, Tension-Stiffening Model for Planar R C Members, ASCE Journal
of Structural Engineering, 116 (1990), pp. 30393059.

[4]

R. Z. Al-Zaid, A. H. Al-Shaikh, and M.M.Abu-Hussein, Effect of Loading Type on the Effective Moment of Inertia of
R C Beams, ACI Structural Journal, 88 (1991), p. 184190.

[5]

A. Ghali, Deflections of R C Members: A Critical Review, ACI Structural Journal, 90 (1993), pp. 364373.

[6]

ACI Committee 435, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI318-05 and Commentary 318).
Farmington Hills, Michigan: American Concrete Institute 2005.

[7]

CSA, Design of Concrete Structures, CSA Standard 123.3-04. Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario: CSA, 2004.

[8]

A. G. Sheriff and W. H. Dilger, Critical Review of CSA A23.3-94 Deflection Prediction for Normal and High Strength
Concrete Beams, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 25 (1998), pp. 474489.

[9]

CEB FIP, CEB FIP Model Code (MC-90), Comit Euro International du Beton (CEB). London: Thomas Telford,
1993.

October 2007

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