English121 #Glenn&Gerize

Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography

CHAPTER 4
Writing Scientific and Technical
Papers
4.1 The Structure of Thesis or
Dissertation...

Explanations:
PRELIMINARY PAGES
o

THESIS: The term "thesis" comes from

the Greek , meaning "something put forth",
and refers to an intellectual proposition.
"Dissertation" comes from the Latin dissertti,
meaning "path".
: A thesis statement declares what you
believe and what you intend to prove. A good
thesis statement makes the difference between a
thoughtful research project and a simple retelling
of facts.
: A master's degree and college degree as
a thesis.

Abstract

Table of Contents

(It is an overview of your whole thesis, and is between 200300 words.)

(The list of pages and transition of your thesis)

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS

BACKGROUND
(Chapter 1, with a highly focused review of the literature, and
is normally the prospectus that a committee approves
before the proposal to start research is approved. Chapter 1
is the engine that drives the rest of the document.)

Introduction

(Presents a general statement about the study <can be an

issue or claim>, the last paragraph contains either the aims or
problems that the study would to achieve or solve.)

PRELIMINARY PAGE
Title Pages
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
BACKGROUND
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Limitation
Significance of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Paradigm of the Study
Definition of Terms

(Where the title and name located)

Structure of Thesis

Title Pages

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

(Describes the problem to be investigated. It is contains a

general problem written in the form of a statement followed
by the specific questions or sub-problems.)

AND

ITS

CHAPTER 2 RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Synthesis
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Locale
Population and Sampling Technique
Instrumentation
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment of Data

(Discusses the reasons in conducting the research, if you

have few beneficiaries you can just write it in one or two
paragraph <why is important to conduct the study & all the
beneficiaries and how they can benefit from the study> but if
you have many beneficiaries write the following:
1st Paragraph (why is important to conduct the
study)
2nd Paragraph (main beneficiary
<organization>)
3rd Paragraph (secondary beneficiary)
4th Paragraph (important to the proponents and
researchers)
5th Paragraph (importance to the future
researchers)

Scope and Limitations

(Describes the extent of the study)

The actual place where the study will only be
conducted.
Duration of the conduct study
Inclusions of the study (only specific aspects
of the study or topic)
Limit of the number of respondents
Area limit (if applicable)

Definitions of Terms

(Key terms or phrases only used in the study, brief but clear
definitions)

Theoretical Framework

(This is where your topic base from a specific theory)

Paradigm of the study

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

(A Diagram of process or steps of gathering information about

your data / study.)

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUTIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

CHAPTER 2 RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES

English121 #Glenn&Gerize
(There should have a short introductory statement that
describes what could be seen under this part. It serves as the
handler of your topic.
Reminders:
Get facts/ideas from reliable source.
Jot down your source for reference writing later.
Make rephrasing a habit.
Write only those which are relevant to your study.
At the end of each topic, write a paragraph which
explains its significance or relevance to your topic.

Literature - a body of written works. Writings in which

expression and for, in connection with ideas of permanent and
universal interest.

Studies application of the mind to the acquisition of

knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection.
Synthesis - the combination of ideas to form a theory or
system.

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(Discusses how the study was or will be conducted, this

chapter describes the operational plan of work or strategy.)

Research Design

Research Locale

(Write the type of research methodology youll employ with

your study and write also the step by step procedure that you
are going to do to conduct the research.)
(The location where you conduct your study)

Population and Sampling Technique

(Indicates the number of respondents and the techniques)

Probability Sampling

Simple Random each individual is chosen

randomly and entirely by chance.

Systematic a statistical method involving

the selection of elements from an ordered
sampling frame.

Stratified The population embraces a

number of distinct categories.
Non Probability Sampling

Quota The population is first segmented

into mutually exclusive sub-groups.

Accidental involves the sample being

drawn from that part of the population
which is close to hand.

Panel The method of first selecting a group

of participants through a random sampling
method and then asking that group for
information several times over a period of
time.

Instrumentation

Data Gathering Procedure

(Describes the instrumets and materials used)

(Explains the detailed description of how data used in the
study were collected <step by step>)

Statistical Treatment of Data

(Mention and write the statistical method used in conducting

the study from identifying the respondents to analyzing of
data.)

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS

AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

(This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data by

presenting tables and descriptions. This chapter shall discuss
the findings obtained from the primary instrument used in the
study. It shall discuss the characteristics of the respondents,
their intranet-use behavior, and their perceived strength and
weaknesses of intranets.)

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUTIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

(This chapter summarizes the study by highlighting the

research conducted on the topic)

DISSERTATION: A written essay, treatise, or

thesis, especially one written by a candidate for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
: A long piece of writing about a
particular subject that is done to earn an
advanced degree at a university.
: "Dissertation" comes from
the Latin dissertti, meaning "path".

Structure of Dissertation
PRELIMINARY PAGES
Title Page
Recommendation for Oral Examination
Approval Sheets
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Preface
Statement of the Problem
Assumptions
Importance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Locale of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms
Notes
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE
AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art
Notes
CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Design
The Respondents
Sampling Procedure
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Gathering Instrument
Validation of Instruments
Scoring Responses
Statistical Tools

English121 #Glenn&Gerize
Notes

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
END MATTERS
Bibliography
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae

Explanations: (NOTE: Some of the parts of

Thesis and Dissertation are the same, so we
will discusses only the additional pats that
dissertation have.)
PRELIMINARY PAGES
o

Title Page

Acknowledgements

(Where the title, Name, Date and other important information

located)
(Should be short and thank those who have helped you with
your project. It is particularly important to thank any
companies that have provided assistance.)

Dedication

(The dedication is usually quite short, and is a personal rather

than an academic recognition. You can use any font or
language you wish for the dedication page.)
Should be used to recognize the support of
others who have aided indirectly in the
completion of the work.

should summarize the entire thesis.)

To introduce the topic
To describe how you did the research
To discuss the results of what was done
To explain the implications of the results.

Table of Contents

(Every thesis must have a table of contents to know the

location page of that studies)
Single page wide column.
Page numbers right-aligned.
Leader lines (dots) connecting the entries with
their page numbers.
A page number for each entry.
Entries in the order given on this website.
Do not put the word "page" in front of the page
number.
Subheadings should be indented more than
main headings, and third-level headings should
be indented more than subheadings, etc.

Must appear after the List of Tables.

Figures must be listed with their numbers,

titles, and page numbers.

Each entry must have leader lines (dots)

between entry and page number.

The list must start at the top of a new page.

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM

(Chapter 1, with a highly focused review of the literature, and
is normally the prospectus that a committee approves
before the proposal to start research is approved. Chapter 1
is the engine that drives the rest of the document.)

o
o

Introduction
Preface

(In the preface, you inform the reader about your experiences
during the writing of your thesis. You can also use the preface
to help the reader get started and to thank people who have
helped you with your thesis.)

o
o

Statement of the Problem

Assumptions

(A goal that you want to achieve to your study)

o
o
o

Importance of the Study / Significance

of Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Locale of the Study

(The location where you perform and experiment your study)

o
o

Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework

o
o

Definition of Terms
Notes

(Represents the researchers synthesis of literature on how to

explain a phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the
course of the study given his previous knowledge of other
researchers point of view and his observations on the subject
of research.)

(This is where the other important words and details located)

Abstract

(The abstract

Is a personal rather than an academic

recognition.

List of Figures

List of Tables
Tables must be listed with their numbers, titles,

and page numbers.

Each entry must have leader lines (dots)
between entry and page number.
the list must start at the top of a new page,

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW AND RELATED

LITERATURE AND STUDIES
o
o
o
o
o
o

Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art
Notes

CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND

PROCEDURES
o
o

Research Design
The Respondents

Sampling Procedure

Data Gathering Procedure

(You introduce your Respondents in this part. The main

information of your respondents is important.)
(The data for this research were collected using a survey
questionnaire. The survey was created using suitable
questions modified from related research and individual
questions formed by the researcher.)

English121 #Glenn&Gerize
o
o

Data Gathering Instrument

Validation of Instruments

(Validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what

it is supposed to measure and performs as it is designed to
perform. It is rare, if nearly impossible, that an instrument be
100% valid, so validity is generally measured in degrees. As a
process, validation involves collecting and analyzing data to
assess the accuracy of an instrument. There are numerous
statistical tests and measures to assess the validity of
quantitative instruments, which generally involves pilot
testing. The remainder of this discussion focuses on external
validity and content validity.)

o
o
o

Scoring Responses
Statistical Tools
Notes

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS

AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS
o
o
o

Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

END MATTERS
(A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used
(whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your
work. In general,)
(A section or table of additional matter at the end of a book or
document.)

Curriculum Vitae

(A written overview of a person's experience and other

qualifications.)