FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS LABORATORY (ECE354)

Lab Experiment : Experiment #1

Title of Experiment : Directive Assembler and Addressing Modes of
68HC12 Assembly Language Programming
Group :
Dateline : 4 February 2016
Members :
No.

Name

Matrix Card No.

Assessments :
Criteria

Marks

Programming .lst (complete with comments)

/10

Results

/20

Discussions

/20

Conclusions

/10

Questions

/40

Total marks

/100

ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

Contents
EXPERIMENT 1 .......................................................................................................3
1.0 OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................................3
2.0 LIST OF REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................3
2.1 Equipments ....................................................................................................3
3.0 THEORY ..........................................................................................................3
4.0 PROCEDURE 1 ...............................................................................................5
4.1 QUESTION 1 ................................................................................................6
5.0 PROCEDURE 2 ...............................................................................................6
5.1 QUESTION 2 ................................................................................................8
6.0 QUESTION 3 ...................................................................................................8
7.0 INSTRUCTIONS ...........................................................................................10
8.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................10
Appendix 1 ...........................................................................................................11

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
________________________________________________________________
INTORDUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS LABORATORY
(ECE354)
EXPERIMENT 1
DIRECTIVE ASSEMBLER AND ADDRESSING MODES OF 68HC12 ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

1.0 OBJECTIVES
i)

To understand the directives assembler of 68HC12

ii) To understand the fundamental of addressing modes in 68HC12

iii) To determine the machine language and content inside the CPU registers and
memory

2.0 LIST OF REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Equipments
1. Personal Computer
2. Installer of J2RE
3. Installer of MiniIDE
4. Installer of HC12SIM
5. Power supply

3.0 THEORY
A 68HC12 instruction consists of one or two bytes of opcode and zero to five bytes of
operand addressing information. The opcode byte(s) specifies the operation to be performed
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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

and the addressing modes to be used to access the operand(s). The first byte of a two-byte
opcode is $18.
Addressing modes determines how the CPU accesses memory locations to be operated
upon. Addressing modes supported by the 68HC12 are summarized in Table 3.0.

Table 3.0

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

4.0 PROCEDURE 1
1. Install all the software required by the experiment.
2. Write a program as Figure 4.0 in MiniIDE with comments, translate to the list file and
machine file.
TABLE1:
TABLE2:
VAR1:
TABLE3:

ORG $0800 ;DIRECTIVE ASSEMBLER

DC.B 20,98,56,48 ; store the data into memory
DC.W $3E,$F4
DS.W 5 ;reserve the memory for future use
DC.L 25
ORG $0900
LDX #$20FF
INX
LDY #$10AA
INY
LDAA #$EE
LDAB #$CC
DECA
ABA
LDS $902
END

;ADDRESSING MODES TYPES : INH,IMM,EXT

; X <= 20FFH
; X <= X+1
; Y <= 10AAH
; Y <= Y+1
; A <= EEH
; B <= CCH
; A <= A-1
; A <= A+B
; SP <= ($902)
Figure 4.0

3. Load the machine file to the HC12SIM Simulator B32 Single Chip Mode, set PC to
$0900, clear all CCR and use step execution. Observe and fill the contents of the CPU
registers and memory in Appendix 1 Table 1 Procedure 1.
4. Write a discussion regarding to this procedure. (Hint: State type of addressing modes
that are using in Procedure 1 and explain them)

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

4.1 QUESTION 1
Draw a table as illustrated in Table Q1 and show each instruction in Procedure 1 correspond to
the machine code. Determine its addressing mode.

Table Q1
Address of
memory

Machine code

Mnemonic

Addressing Mode

ORG $2000

Directive Assembler

$2000

CC 98 3E

LDD #$983E

Immediate Mode

$2003

O2

INY

Inherent Mode

END

Directive Assembler

5.0 PROCEDURE 2
1. Write a program as Figure 5.0 in MiniIDE with comments, translate to the list file and
machine file.
ORG $0800
LDAA 2,X
STAB -7,Y
LDAB -244,SP
STAA 100,PC
LDD B,Y
LDAA [15,X]
STAA 2,SPLDX 5,-SP
STAA 4,+SP
END

;Indexed addressing modes

; A <= (X+2)
;(Y-7) <= B
; B <= (SP-244)
;(PC'+100) <= A
;D <= (Y+B)
; A <= [X+15]
; (SP) <= A & SP <= SP-2
; X <= (SP-5) & SP <= SP-5
; (SP+4) <= A & SP <= SP+4

Figure 5.0

2. Load the machine file to the HC12SIM Student Mode, clear all CCR, and fill in the initial
data in CPU registers and memory as Table 5.0 and then use step execution.
Important! Before execute the instruction, set the content of CPU registers and
memory as Table 5.0. Observe the content of the CPU registers and memory step-bystep as same as Procedure 1. Fill in the Table 2 Procedure 2 in Appendix 1. Show only
the affected CPU registers and memory for each instruction.

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

Table 5.0
CPU registers /

Initial value

Memory
A

73H

68H

IX

0900H

IY

09FFH

SP

0B00H

PC

0800H

$0902

A6H

$090F

09H

$0910

80H

$0980

BFH

$0A0C

E1H

$0AF9

3EH

$0AFA

8CH

3. Write a discussion regarding to this procedure. (Hint: State type of addressing modes
that are using in Procedure 1 and explain them)

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

5.1 QUESTION 2
Draw a table as illustrated in Table Q2 and show each instruction in Procedure 2 correspond to
the machine code. Determine its addressing mode.
Table Q2
Address of
memory

Machine code

$0900

A6 43

Mnemonic

Addressing Mode

ORG $0900

Directive Assembler

LDAA 3,Y

5-bit offset constant

Range of offset

-16 to 15

index addressing
(IDX)
$0902

6B E2 D11B

STAB -12005,X

16-bit offset

-32,768 to 32,767

constant inex

And 0 to 216-1

addressing (IDX2)
END

Directive Assembler

6.0 QUESTION 3
1. Write a program to load an immediate data to accumulator as following :
A =89, B = 65, X = 1000H, Y=2000H
2. Write a program to store a group of data in memory with starting address at $0900 as
Table 6.02.
Table 6.02
Address of
memory

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Data/Content

$0900

85H

$0901

00H

$0902

00H

$0903

00H

$0904

00H

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

$0905

DDH

$0906

AAH

3. Write a program to execute actions as Table 6.03, and then determine its addressing
mode.
Table 6.03
Instruction

Executions

number
0

Start your program at $0800

Load the contents of the memory location into

accumulator A with the address equal to the sum of
the values of accumulator B and index register Y.
A <= (X + B)

Store the content of accumulator A at the memory

location with the address equal to the value of stack
pointer SP minus 4. After store the operation, the
contents of SP are decremented by 4.
(SP-4) <= A
SP <= SP -4

Store the contents of accumulator B into the memory

location pointed to by index register Y which is equal
to the contents of index register Y plus 10.
(Y + 10) <= B

Store the contents of accumulator A into the memory

location at $200.
($200) <= A

Load X with immediate value of 0B22H and then load

the contents of memory location at $0BAA into
accumulator B, where the address of $0BAA is stored
at address $0B22 pointed by X.
B <= [X+0]
End your program.

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

4. Identify the addressing modes for the following instructions:

i) LDAA 10,X
ii) STAB 100,Y
iii) LDX -1,Y
iv) STAA -18,X
v) ABA
vi) LDY #$2525
vii) STAA $1500

7.0 INSTRUCTIONS
Pre-lab:
1. Fill in the result table.
2. Before participating first lab session, please refer to the module Chapter 3 and learn how to
use MGTEK MiniIDE and simulator at home. You can also refer to sitisararais.blogspot.com
and open in Blendspace for further clarification.

Group works:
Your final report should be included:
1. Front page.
2. Programming:List file of your programming include comments as Figure 7.0.

Figure 7.0
3. Result table.
4. Discussion for each procedure.
5. Answer all the questions.
6. Conclusion of your experiments.
7. Submit before the dateline given.

8.0 REFERENCES
[1]
[2]

S. F. Barret and D. J. Pack. (2005). Embedded Systems : Design and Application with the
68HC12 and HCS12.
H.-W. Huang. (2009). Introduction to the 68HC12 Microcontroller.

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

Appendix 1
Table 1 procedure 1
Address of memory

Data/content of memory

Before execution

dc.b 20,98,56,48

dc.w $3E,$F4

ds.w 5

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

dc. l 25

CPU Register

SP

Before
execution

LDX #$20FF

INX

LDY #$10AA

INY

LDAA #$EE

LDAB #$CC

DECA

ABA

LDS $902

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ECE354 Introduction to Microprocessor System

Table 2 Procedure 2
Before execution
Instruction

CPU
register

Data in
CPU
Register

Address of
memory

After execution
Data in
CPU
memory register

Data in Address
Data in
CPU
of
memory
Register memory

LDAA 2,X

STAB -7,Y

LDAB -244,SP

STAA 100,PC

LDD B,Y

LDAA [15,X]

STAA 2,SP-

LDX 5,-SP

STAA 4,+SP

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