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12017464
Experiment 3: Introduction to
Scanning Probe Microscopy
Part 1: Acquiring Images with the NanoSurf EasyScan 2
Sample 1: CD-ROM
Parameters
Image size: 50m
Time/line:
0.5s
Points/line: 256
Rotation:
0
Z-controller
Setpoint:
30%
P-gain:
1998
I-gain:
2199
D-gain:
0
Aliyyah Munauwar
12017464
Parameters
Image size: 50m
Time/line:
0.4s
Points/line: 256
Rotation:
0
Z-controller
Setpoint:
50%
P-gain:
1998
I-gain:
2199
D-gain:
0
Aliyyah Munauwar
12017464
fast changes in the error signal will be decreases. However,
high frequency noise is also amplified (NanoSurf AG, 2011).
c) (i) Tapping mode is somewhere between the contact and the non-contact
modes of operation where the cantilever oscillates near its resonance
frequency. It is based on constant oscillation amplitude feedback
mechanism under the range of 10 to 100nm. The mode observed a
decrease in amplitude of the oscillation as the cantilever approaches the
sample due to the interaction of force. Adjusting the height of the
cantilever allows the amplitude to be maintained as the cantilever scans
the samples surface. Tip of the cantilever peridiocally strikes and
detaches itself from the surface; at the same time oscillating with
sufficient amplitude allows tapping mode to eliminate frictional forces.
This in turn prevents the tip of cantilever from being trapped by adhesive
meniscus forces from the surface.
(ii) Phase signal, which also known as phase imaging monitors the lag
phase between the
signal driving the cantilever to oscillate and the
cantilever oscillation output signal. Tapping mode applies the piezoelectric
driver to excite the cantilever into resonance oscillation. On
the other hand,
feedback signal for imaging is provided by the mean of changes in the
oscillation phase in the amplitude modulation.
(iii) Biological samples such as lipid bilayers are appropriate for tapping
mode AFM.
d) In order to reduce sources of noise in an AFM experiment, it is best to
conduct the
experiment in a closed room. As AFM tool is highly sensitive
to even the slightest vibration, it must be ensured that the experiment room
is covered with a high performance sound proof hood. Do not either purposely
or accidently in contact with the table holding AFM to prevent vibration. In
order to reduce mechanical or acoustic noise during the experiment, the
incubation ventilation should be turned off of reduced if theres happen to be
one presents in the room. Any object with fans should be removed from the
experimental table holding AFM.
Aliyyah Munauwar
12017464
Frequency Sweep
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
Gaussian function
Amplitude (V) 0.15
0.1
0.05
0
162000
162500
163000
163500
164000
Frequency (Hz)
Exercise 2:
Constant b and c are needed to calculate quality factor of the frequency sweep.
The quality factors together with all the constants are necessary in order to find
the spring constant of the cantilever, k by using Sader method. In addition to
that, the imaginary part of the hydrodynamic function
fi
is also required to
find k and this complicates the calculation to find k. To simplify the calculation,
an online calculator was used to calculate the spring constant. Table 2 shows the
summary of all the required parameters in finding k.
Table 2: Summary of the parameters to calculate k and k value
Parameter
Value
4
Aliyyah Munauwar
12017464
Density of the fluid, (kg/m3)
Width of cantilever,b (m)
Length of cantilever, L (m)
Quality factor, Qf
Resonant frequency, f (Hz)
Spring constant, k (N/m)
1.18
50
450
447.4022
162960
58.8
4
2
0
5.00E+02
-2
1.00E+03
1.50E+03
Distance (nm)
58.8
12500000
4.7 x 10-6
Aliyyah Munauwar
12017464
Exercise 4:
20000
10000
0
5.00E+02
-10000
1.00E+03
1.50E+03
Distance (nm)
References
NanoSurf AG. (2011, July ). Nanosurf easyscan 2 AFM Operating Instructions for
SPM Control Software Version 3.0. Switzeland.