Triangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for

Wireless Communication
Ujjal Chakraborty#1, Samiran Chatterjee*2 , S.K.Chowdhury##3 , P.P.Sarkar*4

ECE Department, D.B.C.Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

*ECE Department, Arryabhatta Institute of Engineering and Management, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
##
ECE Department, JIS College of Engineering, Phase-III, Block-A5, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
*
USIC Department, University Of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
4

2
3

parthabe1991@rediffmail.com
1
ujjal_dgp@yahoo.co.in
samiran_engineer@rediffmail.com
santoshkumarchowdhury@gmail.com

Abstract- A single feed multi frequency compact rectangular

microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. A triangular slot is
introduced at the upper edge of the patch to reduce the resonant
frequency A small piece of triangular patch is grown within the
triangular slot to improve the gain bandwidth performance of
the antenna. The antenna size has been reduced by 32.9% when
compared to a conventional square patch with a maximum of 160
MHz bandwidth and 34 dB return loss Mainly it is developed to
operate in the WiMax frequency range of 3.2-3.8 GHz with 26.67
% bandwidth ratio.
Index Terms Multi frequency, Compact, Gain Bandwidth
performance, WiMax.

II. ANTENNA CONFIGARATION

The configuration of the conventional antenna is shown
in Figure 1. The antenna is a 20mm x 20 mm square patch .
The dielectric material selected for this design is an FR4
epoxy with r=4.4 and substrate height =1.6mm
Several parameter of the antenna have been investigated to
improve bandwidth, gain and return loss performance of the
antenna. Co-axial probe feed of radius 0.5 mm with a simple
ground plane arrangement is used.

I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years demand of small antennas on wireless
communication has increased the interest of research work on
compact microstrip antenna design among microwaves and
wireless engineers [1-5]. The size of the antenna is effectively
reduced by cutting slot in proper position on the microstrip
patch. The work to be presented in this paper is also a
compact microstrip antenna design obtained by cutting a
triangular slot on the patch but here in addition to the
triangular slot a small piece of triangular patch is developed
within the area of triangular slot to increase the return loss
and gain-bandwidth performance of the antenna. Generally to
achieve a good bandwidth at a particular resonant frequency
substrate is chosen with lower value of dielectric constant. To
reduce the size of the antenna substrates are chosen with
higher value of dielectric constant [6-7]. Our aim is to reduce
the size of the antenna as well as increase the operating
bandwidth. The proposed antenna (substrate with r=4.4) has a
gain of 5.36 dBi and presents a size reduction of 32.9% when
compared to a conventional square microstrip patch with a
maximum bandwidth of 160 MHz The simulation has been
carried out by IE3D software which uses the MOM method.
Due to the Small size, low cost and low weight this antenna is
a good candidate for the application of WiMax technology in
the frequency range of 3.2-3.8 GHz with 26.67% bandwidth
ratio.

978-1-4244-9074-5/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE

Figure 1 : Antenna 1 configuration.

Figure 2 shows the configuration of antenna 2 which is

designed with a similar substrate. A triangular slot of length
p and width q is created on the rectangular patch.

2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

Figure 3: Return loss of the antenna 1.

Table 1:
Mark shown in the figure 3indicate the following properties.

In the conventional antenna return loss of about -24.3 dB is

found at 5.01 GHz and -26.47 dB at 7.84 GHz..
Corresponding bandwidth are 30 MHz and 80 MHz
Figure 2: Antenna 2 configuration

A small triangular patch is added within the area of triangular

slot which is placed a and b distance apart from the side of
the triangular slot. The location of coaxial probe-feed
(radius=0.5 mm) is shown in figure 2 as well.
The parameters investigated are p, q. a, b and t.
Parametric study have been conducted on the above structure
by changing these parameter and observe the effect on the RL
and bandwidth. Best result was achieved for the following
values of the parameters: p=4,q=4,a=0.75,b=2.5 and t=6.75.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure

Simulated (using IE3D [9]) results of return loss in

conventional and slotted antenna structures are shown in
Figure 3-4. A significant improvement of frequency reduction
is achieved in antenna 2 with respect to the conventional
antenna1 structure.

4: Return loss of the antenna 2.

Table 2:
Mark shown in the figure 4 indicate the following properties

Due to the presence of slots at the edge of the patch of

antenna 2 multi frequency operation is obtained with large
values of frequency ratio. For antenna 2 return loss -34 dB is
obtained at 3.36 GHz,-26.6 dB at 4.93 GHz and -20 dB at 7.5
GHz.. Corresponding 10 dB bandwidth is 160 MHz,30 MHz
and 80 MHz respectively as shown in figure 4.
The simulated E plane radiation patterns for antenna 2 are
shown in Figure 5-8 The 3 dB Beam width is about 137 for
phi=0o,and more than 90o for phi=90o and the absolute gain is
about 5.37dBi for 3.335 to 3.495 GHz frequency range.

2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

Figure 8: Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.36 GHz

Figure 5: Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.336 GHz

Figure 6: Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.412GHz

Figure 9 shows the directivity versus frequency plot for

the antenna 2.It is observed that upto 4.5 GHz frequency
directivity of the antenna 2 is greater than 5 dBi.

Figure 9: Directivity versus frequency plot for the antenna 2.

Efficiency of the antenna 2 with the variation of frequency is

shown in figure 10.It is found that for the lower band of
operation efficiency of the antenna 2 is about 72-80 %.

Figure 7: Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.496 GHz

Figure 14: Antenna efficiency versus frequency plot for the antenna 2.

2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

[9]

IV. CONCLUSIONS
A single feed single layer triangular slot microstrip antenna
has been proposed in this paper. It is shown that the proposed
antenna can operate in three frequency band. Triangular slot
reduced the size of the antenna by 32.9 % and addition of a
small triangular patch within the area of the triangular slot
increase the bandwidth upto 160 MHz with a return loss of -34
dB ,absolute gain about 5.37 dBi and 3 dB beamwidth of 137o.
Efficiency of antenna has been achieved 80 % for the lower
band,60 % for the middle band and 40 % for the higher band
of operation.Alteration of the location of the triangular slot can
more reduce the lower resonant frequency but divide the lower
band into two different band with lower value of bandwidth.
An optimization between size reduction and bandwidth
enhancement is maintained in this work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge gratefully the financial support for this
Work provided by AICTE (India) in the form of a project
Entitled DEVELOPMENT OF COMPACT, BROADBAND
AND EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION.
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2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

Zeland Software Inc. IE3D: MoM-Based EM Simulator.

Web: http://www.zeland.com/