Matric no :

Name :
International Islamic University Malaysia
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Mid-term Exam, Short semester, 2014-2015
Electromagnetics- ECE 2223

Notes

Time = 1.5 hours

Answer all 4 (four) questions

Useful formulae and constants

0=8.851012

C/Vm

Divergence & Gradient

Cartesian (, , )

Cylindrical (, , )

Spherical (, , )

Divergence ( )

+
+

1 ( ) 1
+
+

1 ( 2 )
1 ( sin )
1
+
+
2
sin

sin

Gradient ()

+
+

+
+

1
1

+
+

sin

Coordinate System Transformation

Cartesian to Cylindrical

Cartesian to Spherical
=

+
=

= +

+
+
=

Cylindrical to Cartesian

Cylindrical to Spherical
= sin

= +
=

= cos
=
=

+ cos
= sin

sin
= cos

=
Spherical to Cartesian

Spherical to Cylindrical

= + +
=

=
=

+ +

= tan1

(
+
+ )

+
+ )
(

= 2 + 2

(
+
)

=
=

2 + 2

2 + 2

2 + 2

2 + 2

Exam Questions
1. (6 marks) Point charges of 50 each are located at (1, 0, 0), and (0, 1, 0) and (0, 1, 0).
Find the total force on a 20 charge at point (1, 0, 0) due to those three point charges. Express
the in terms of its rectangular components and as a magnitude with its direction.

, , =
(
) = 2

=
| | = 22 = 2

. (1 mark)

=
| | = 12 + 12 = 2

. (1 mark)

) =

=
(
+
| |12 + 12 = 2

. (1 mark)

From the Coulombs Law,

=

50 109 20 109 2
=
2
12
2
40 | | | |
4 8.854 10
2 2

50 109 20 109
=
2
2
40 | | | |
4 8.854 1012 (2) 2

[]
= 2.247 106

3.179 106
[]
= 3.179 106

50 109 20 109
=
2
2
40 | | | |
4 8.854 1012 (2) 2

+ 3.179 106
[]
= 3.179 106

. (0.5 marks each)

Applying the superposition property,

= + +
+ (3.179 106 + 3.179 106 )

= (2.247 106 + 3.179 106 + 3.179 106 )

. (0.5 marks)
[]
= 8.605 106
. (0.5 marks)
The total force at point is 8.605 [] in the direction of .
. (0.5 marks)

2. (8 marks) Answer the following.

a. State Gausss law for electrostatic fields.
b. Write three different mathematical expressions of the law.
c. Write four properties of electrostatic field as a conservative field.

a. Gauss Law states that the flux of an electrostatic field passing through any surface is proportional to
the total charge contained within that surface,
. (1 mark)
b. i) =

ii) integral form of Gauss Law : =

iii) differential form of Gauss Law : =

. (1 mark each)

c. i) = 0 for any close loop

ii) is independent of any path

iii) = 0 everywhere
iv) =
. (1 mark each)

3. (6 marks) Using the gradient of the electric potential, find the electric field for
(a) = 2 + 2 (Cartesian coordinates)
1

(b) =

(Cylindrical coordinates)

(a) =

+ ( 2 + 2 )
+ ( 2 + 2 ))
= ( ( 2 + 2 )

+ 2
+ 2 )
= (2
2
2 []
= 2
. (3 marks)

(b) =
1

= (

= ((
= (

1
2

1
2

1 2
+ 2 )

+ (
2 )

(
2 )

1
2

1
2

+ (
1 )
2
1
2

1
2

(
2 )

1
2

1 )

1 ) )
[]

. (3 marks)

4. (10 marks) A sphere with radius [] contains a uniform volume charge density [ 3 ]. Use the
integral form of Gauss Law to find the electric field at an arbitrary distance (0 ) from the
center of the sphere at all regions ( < and > ).
Use the results to plot the magnitude of the field against the distance from the center of the sphere ().

As in example 2.8
Integral form of Gauss Law =

. (1 marks)
We choose a sphere with radius as the Gaussian surface so that the field is always perpendicular to the
surface.
=

= 4 2

Thus, || = 42

eq. 1

. (2 marks)
At < ,
4

= 3 3 [3 ] [ 3 ]
4

= 3 3
From eq. 1, || =

. (1.5 marks)
4
3
3
40 2

30

[]

or

[]

30

. (1 marks)

At > ,
=

4
3
4

3 [3 ] [ 3 ]

= 3 3

. (1.5 marks)

3
From eq. 1, || = 4

2
0

3
30 2

[]

or

3
[]

30 2

. (1 marks)

the magnitude of the field against the distance from the center of the sphere ()
. (2 marks)