ProductInformation

CE628

SLABANALYSIS

CE628

Given Loads on the Structure

LL 50

Live Load

Es 29000000

Modulus of Steel

SDL 10

Superimposed Dead Load

0.85

for fc=4000psi

fc 4000

Concrete Strength

fy 60000

Steel Strength

fc
= 3604.997
Ec 57000

Modulus of Concrete

LLadd 50

Additional Live Load

Es
ns = 8.044
Ec

Modular Ratio

Structural Components:
One way Slab (1-ft Strip)
effective width

bs 1

hs 4

Thickness of Slab

.11
Ass
1.33

= 0.083

Reinforcing in Slab in 1ft Section at the

Bottom of SLAB

.11
Ass.n
1.5

ds 3

Reinforcing in Slab in 1ft Section at the

TOP of SLAB
Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face at (Top)

ds.n 3

Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face at (Bottom)

ls 5

Design span Length Btw Joints

Spacing Btw Shear Steel (center to center)

ss 14
Asv .11

= 0.073

Area of Shear Reinforcement

bs
1
B
= 216.435
ns Ass

2 ds B + 1 1
kd
= 0.524
B

Transformed Section Properties

Neutral Axia

kd
k = 0.175
ds

2
bs (kd)
Icr + ns Ass ds kd = 4.654
3

Cracked moment of Inertia

Applied Loading:
DLslab bs hs 150
= 0.05
3

Dead Load of Slab

LLslab LL bs = 0.05

Live Load of Slab

LLs.new LLadd bs = 0.05

Additional Live Load of Slab

wDL DLslab + SDL bs = 0.06

Total Dead Load

wLL LLslab + LLs.new = 0.1

Total new Live Load

wser DLslab + SDL bs + LLslab + LLs.new = 0.16

Total Service Load with new loads

wslab 1.2 DLslab + SDL bs + 1.6 LLslab = 0.152

Total Ultimate Load

ws.new 1.2 DLslab + SDL bs + 1.6 LLslab + LLs.new = 0.232 Total Ultimate Load
with new Load

Moments:
2
MDL.pos .08 wDL ls = 1.44
2
MDL.neg .10 wDL ls = 1.8
2

Mser.pos 0.080 wser ls = 3.84

2
Mser.neg 0.10 wser ls = 4.8

Ultimate Positive Moment

Ultimate Negative Moment

Max Shear and Moment (From figure above):

Vslab 0.600 wslab ls = 0.456
2
Mslab.pos 0.080 wslab ls = 3.648

2
Mslab.neg 0.10 wslab ls = 4.56

Ultimate Positive Moment

Ultimate Negative Moment

Ultimate Shear
Ultimate Positive Moment
Ultimate Negative Moment

Max Shear and Moment with New Load (From figure above):
Ultimate Shear
Vs.new 0.600 ws.new ls = 0.696
2
Ultimate Positive Moment
Ms.pos.new 0.080 ws.new ls = 5.568

2
Ultimate Nagetive Moment
Ms.nag.new 0.10 ws.new ls = 6.96

Capacity Calculation Bases on Transformed Section (1-ft Strip)

Positve Moment Capacity of SLAB
c
ns Ass ds c c bs
2
2 bs
ns Ass ds ns Ass c c
2
2 bs
c + c ns Ass ns Ass ds 0
2

[Tension = Compression]

Using Quadratic Equation:

bs
a1
=6
2

b1 ns Ass = 0.005

c1 ns Ass ds = 1.996

b1 +
b1 (4 a1 c1)
x1 = 0.524
2 a1
2

b1
b1 4 a1 c1
x2
= 0.635
2 a1
2

cs max (x1 , x2) = 0.524

Neutral axis

.003 ds cs
= 0.014
s.p
cs

Strain in Steel

as cs = 0.445

Comp. Block

|
3
p if cs ds
| = 0.9
8
|
.9

|
3
|
else if cs ds
|
5
|
.65

|
else
|

250 |
.65 + s.p .002
3 |

Reduction Factor based on steel strain

fy if p .9 | = 60000
|
60

|
else
|
E
s.p s |

Steel Strength based on Steel Strain

as
phiMn.b.p p Ass fy ds
= 12.404
2

phiVn.b.p .75 2

fc
bs ds = 3.415

Flexure Capacity of Beam

Shear Capacity of Beam

Nagetive Moment Capacity of SLAB

c
ns Ass.n ds.n c c bs
2
2 bs
ns Ass.n ds.n ns Ass.n c c
2
2 bs
c + c ns Ass.n ns Ass.n ds.n 0
2

[Tension = Compression]

Using Quadratic Equation:

bs
a2 = 6
2

b2 ns Ass.n = 0.004

c2 ns Ass.n ds.n = 1.77

b2 +
b2 (4 a2 c2)
x1 = 0.496
2 a2
2

2
b2
b2 (4 a2 c2)
x2 = 0.594
2 a2

cs.n max (x1 , x2) = 0.496

Neutral axis

.003 ds cs
s.n
= 0.014
cs

Strain in Steel

as.n cs.n = 0.422

Comp. Block

|
3
n if cs.n ds.n
| = 0.9
8
|
.9

|
3
|
else if cs.n ds.n
|
5
|
.65

|
else
|

250 |
.65 + s.n .002
3 |

Reduction Factor based on steel strain

fy if p .9 | = 60000
|
60

|
else
|
E
s.n s |

Steel Strength based on Steel Strain

as.n
phiMn.b.n n Ass.n fy ds.n
= 11.045
2

phiVn.b.n .75 2

fc
bs ds.n = 3.415

Flexure Capacity of Beam

Shear Capacity of Beam

BEAMANALYSIS

CE628

Given Loads on the Structure

LL 50

Live Load

Es 29000000

Modulus of Steel

SDL 10

Superimposed Dead Load

0.85

for fc=4000psi

fc 4000

Concrete Strength

fy 60000

Steel Strength

fc
= 3604.997
Ec 57000

Modulus of Concrete

LLadd 50

Additional Live Load

Es
ns = 8.044
Ec

Modular Ratio

Structural Components:
One Way Slab known information:
effective width

bs 1
2

hs 4

.11
Ass = 0.083
1.33

Reinforcing in Slab

Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face

ds 3

Thickness of Slab

ls 5

Design span Length Btw Joints

BEAM:
Beam width

bb 8
Asb .31

3 = 0.93

Beam Thickness

Flewxure Reinforcing in Beam

Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face

db 15.4

widthbeam 5

Tributary width

Design span Length

lb 20

Spacing Btw Shear Steel (center to center)

ss 14
Asv .11

hb 18

Area of Shear Reinforcement

bb
1
B
= 12.832
ns Asb

Transformed Section Properties

2 db B + 1 1
kd
Neutral Axia
kd
= 4.513
k = 0.293
B
db
3
2
bb (kd)
4
Cracked moment of Inertia
Icr + ns Asb db kd = 1131.844
3

DLbeam bb hb 150
= 0.15
3

Dead Load - Beam

DLs hs widthbeam 150

= 0.25
3

Dead Load - Slab

LLbeam LL widthbeam = 0.25

Live Load - Beam

LLb.new LLadd widthbeam = 0.25

Additional - Live Load

wb.DL DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam = 0.45

Total Dead Load

wb.LL LLbeam + LLb.new = 0.5

Total Live Load

wb.ser DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + LLbeam + LLb.new = 0.95

Total New Service Load

wbeam 1.2 DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + 1.6 LLbeam = 0.94

Total Ultimate Load

wb.new 1.2 DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + 1.6 LLbeam + LLb.new = 1.34 Total New Ultimate
Load
Moments:
2

wb.DL lb
Mb.DL
= 270
8 2
wb.LL lb
Mb.LL = 300
8 2
wb.ser lb
Mb.ser = 570
8

Dead Load Moment

Live Load Moment

Service Load Moment with New Load

Ultimate Shear and Moment:

wbeam lb
Vbeam = 9.4
2
2
wbeam lb
Mbeam
= 564
8

Ultimate Shear

Ultimate Moment

Max Shear and Moment with New Load:

wb.new lb
Vb.new = 13.4
2
2
wb.new lb
Mb.new
= 804
8

New Ultimate Shear

New Ultimate Moment

Capacity Calculation with Steel Reinforcement only:

Tb Asb fy = 55.8
Asb fy
ab
= 2.051
0.85 fc bb
ab
cb = 2.413

cb
db cb

0.003
s.b

0.85 fc ab bb

(Assumed Steel has Yielded)

Also

TC

Compression Block
Neutral axis
.003 db cb
s.b
= 0.016
cb

.003 db cb
Check1 if
.005
cb
Assumption that steel has yielded is correct

else
Assumption that steel has yielded is NOT correct

Check1 = Assumption that steel has yielded is correct

Tension Controlled

.9

ab
phiMn.b Tb db = 721.876
2

Flexure Capacity of Beam

Asv fy db
fc
bb db +
phiVn.b .75 2
2 = 22.578
ss

Shear Capacity of Beam

FLEXURE STRENGTHENING of BEAM with CFRP Laminates:

The existing reinforced concrete beam is Strengthened with the Unidirectional Carbon
Fabric CSS-CUCF44 saturated with Epoxy Resin CSS-ES to produce CFRP composite. Roll
Size used for this job will be 12inX150ft. Field cut 7in wide X 19ft Long piles and apply
to the soffit of the beam using wet layup technique.
CFRP system we are using consists of Dry, unidirectrional sheets that will be installed by
hand with an adhesive resin (Epoxy) using the Wet layup technique.
CFRP Material Properties:
wf 7
width of the Laminate

n2

# of Piles

tf 0.08

Thickness per ply

ffu1 128000

Ultimate Tensile Strength

df hb = 18

Eff. Depth of FRP

fu1 .09

Rupture Strain

Ef 14200000

Modulus of Elasticity

Strength of the Structure without FRP - (Equation 9-1) [Integrity Check for Beam]
wb.check 1.1 wb.DL + .75 wb.LL = 0.87
2

wb.check lb
Mb.check
= 522
8

Max Moment (Check)

Check2 if Mb.check phiMn.b

Beam Strength is OK to Strengthen with CFRP

else
Beam Strength is NOT OK to Strengthen with CFRP

Check2 = Beam Strength is OK to Strengthen with CFRP

STEPS TO PERFORM FLEXURE STRENGTHENING OF BEAM AS PER ACI 440.2R-08
Step-1
for Carbon Fiber; Exterior Exposure [Table 9.1]
Ultimate Strength of CFRP
Ultimate Strain of CFRP

CE .85
ffu CE ffu1 = 108800
fu CE fu1 = 0.077
Step-2
ffu1
Ef
= 1422222.222
fu1
Af n tf wf = 1.12

Modulus of Elasticity of FRP

Area of FRP piles

Step-3
Mb.DL df kd
bi = 0.001
Icr Ec
Step-4
|

fc
0.7 fu| = 0.011

n Ef
tf
|

fc
0.083

|
n Ef
tf

|
|
else
0.9
fu
|

fd if 0.083

Limit on the Design Strain

recomended by committee,
based on studies performed
[Rizkall 2003,De lorenzis et
al 2004, Kotynia 2005]

|
|
|
FRP Debonding CONTROL the design
|

|
else
FRP Debonding DO NOT CONTROL the design |
|

Check3 if 0.083

fc
0.7 fu

n Ef
tf

Check3 = FRP Debonding CONTROL the design

Step-5

[to find Neutral Axis]

Ef
= 0.395
nf
Ec
Es
ns = 8.044
Ec
2 bb
x + x ns Asb + nf Af + ns Asb db nf Af df 0
2
bb
2
a1 = 4
b1 ns Asb + nf Af = 7.923
2

c1 ns Asb db nf Af df = 123.165
2
b1 +
b1 (4 a1 c1)
x1 = 4.646
2 a1
2
b1
b1 4 a1 c1
x2
= 6.627
2 a1

c max (x1 , x2) = 4.646

Transformed Section
Quadratic Equation

Step-6
|
df c
fe if 0.003 bi fd| = 0.009
c
|

|
fd

|
else
|

df c
|
0.003
c

|
c
c if fe + bi > .003| = 0.003
c df
|
.003
|

|
else
|

+
|
fe
bi
c df
|

Strain in Concrete

Step-7
db c
s fe + bi
= 0.009
df c

Strain in Steel

Step-8
fs if Es s fy| = 60
|
f
y
|
else
|
E
|
s s

Stress in Steel

ffe Ef fe = 12262.656
Step-9
Asb fs + Af ffe
= 3.008
cf
.85 fc bb

Assumed value of "c" is correct

Step-11 and 12
f 0.85

c
Mns Asb fy db
= 749.133

c
Mnf f Af ffe df
= 187.08

phiMntotal 0.9 Mns + Mnf = 842.592

Capcity with just Steel

Capcity with CFRP

New Strengthened section that is

cable of sustaining the new required
Moments.

|
Check4 if phiMntotal Mb.new
Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads |

|
else
|
Section is NOT OK, Try to Add more FRP Layers
|

Check4 = Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads

Step-13

kd
db kd Es
Mb.ser + bi Af Ef df
3
= 42251.869
fss

kd
kd
Asb Es db db kd + Af Ef df df kd
3
3

|
Check5 if fss .8 fy
|
Stress in the Reinforcing steel is in the limits

|
else
|
Stress in the Reinforcing steel is NOT in the limits
|

Check5 = Stress in the Reinforcing steel is in the limits

Step-14
Ef df kd
ffs fss

bi Ef = 1297.643
Es db kd
|
Check6 if ffs .55 ffu
|
Stress in the CFRP is within the limits

|
else
|
Stress in the CFRP is NOT within the limits
|

Check6 = Stress in the CFRP is within the limits

STEPS TO PERFORM SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF BEAM AS PER ACI 440.2R-08

We will use 2-side scheme for Shear Strengthening [11.4.1.2]. Same FRP Product as
used in Flexure Strengthening.
n1
Number of Piles
tf = 0.08

Thickness of pile

wf 12

Width of pile

dfv db hs 1

Effective Depth of FRP

for shear (for Two side or U-wrap)

= 10.4

f 0.95

For U-wrap or 2-sides wrap [Table 11.1]

sf 8

Provided Spacing Btw CFRP Laminate (center to center)

fe kv fu .004

[11-6b]

k1 k2 L e
kv
.75
468 fu

[11-7]

fu = 0.077

Rupture Strain of FRP

2500
Le
0.58
tf Ef

= 2.92

Active Bond Length

1
fc

k1
=1
4000

[11-9]

dfv Le
= 0.719
k2
dfv

[11-10]

|
k1 k2 L e
.75| = 0.059
kv if
468 fu
|
k k L
|
1
2
e

|
468 fu
|
else
|
.75
|

fe if kv fu .004| = 0.004
|
k
v fu
|
else
|
.004

[11-7]
(Bond reduction coefficient
applicable to Shear)

[11-6b]

Tensile Stress in FRP

ffe fe Ef = 5688.889
Afv n tf wf = 0.96

Area of FRP Shear reinforcement

Afv ffe dfv

Vf = 7.1
sf

Shear contribution of FRP

Asv fy db
Vs
= 7.26
ss

Shear Strength of Steel

Vc 2
fc
bb db = 15.584

Shear Strength of Concrete

phiVntotal .75 f Vf + Vc + Vs 2 = 27.636

Shear Strength of Section with FRP wraps

We will only strengthen the 3ft section from end. we donot need to strengthen the
beam for Shear ( Vn > Vu)

GIRDERANALYSIS

CE628

Given Loads on the Structure

LL 50

Live Load

Es 29000000

Modulus of Steel

SDL 10

Superimposed Dead Load

0.85

for fc=4000psi

fc 4000

Concrete Strength

fy 60000

Steel Strength

Ec 57000
fc
= 3604.997

Modulus of Concrete

LLadd 25

Additional Live Load

Es
ns = 8.044
Ec

Modular Ratio

Structural Components:
One way Slab Known information
effective width
bs 1
2

Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face

BEAM Known information:

Beam width
bb 8
Asb .31
db 15.4

Thickness of Slab

.11
Ass = 0.083
1.33
ds 3

hs 4

3 = 0.93

Ten. Steel to Extreme Comp. face

Reinforcing in Slab
ls 5

Design span Length Btw Joints

hb 18

Beam Thickness

Flewxure Reinforcing in Beam

widthbeam 5

Tributary width

lb 20

Design span Length

DLbeam bb hb 150
= 0.15
3

Dead Load - Beam

DLs hs widthbeam 150

= 0.25
3

Dead Load - Slab

LLbeam LL widthbeam = 0.25

Live Load - Beam

LLb.new LLadd widthbeam = 0.125

Additional - Live Load

wb.DL DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam = 0.45

Total Dead Load

wb.ser DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + LLbeam + LLb.new = 0.825

wbeam 1.2 DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + 1.6 LLbeam = 0.94

Total New Service

Load
Total Ultimate Load

wb.new 1.2 DLbeam + DLs + SDL widthbeam + 1.6 LLbeam + LLb.new = 1.14 Total New
Ultimate Load
M

Moments:
2

wb.DL lb
Mb.DL
= 270
8 2
wb.ser lb
Mb.ser = 495
8

Dead Load Moment

Service Load Moment with New Load

Ultimate Shear and Moment:

wbeam lb
Vbeam = 9.4
2
2
wbeam lb
Mbeam
= 564
8

Ultimate Shear
Ultimate Moment

Max Shear and Moment with New Load:

wb.new lb
Vb.new = 11.4
2
2
wb.new lb
Mb.new
= 684
8

New Ultimate Shear

New Ultimate Moment

GIRDER:
Beam width

bg 10
Asg .44

3 = 1.32

Beam Thickness

hg 18

Flexure Reinforcing in Beam

dg 15.3

Distan from Ten to Extreme Comp. Face

lg 15

Design Span Length

Spacing Btw Shear Steel (center to center)

ss 14
Asv .11

Area of Shear Reinforcement

bg
1
B
= 11.301
ns Asg

Transfromed Section Properties

2 dg B + 1 1
kd
= 4.736
B

Neutral Axia

kd
k = 0.31
dg

2
bg (kd)
Icr + ns Asg dg kd = 1539.105
3

wg.DL bg hg 150
= 0.188
3

PDL wb.DL lb = 9

Cracked moment of Inertia

Uniform Dead Load
DL Reaction from Beam

PLL LLbeam lb = 5

LL Reaction from Beam

PLL.new LLb.new lb = 2.5

LL Reaction from Beam

Pser PDL + PLL + PLL.new = 16.5

Service Reaction from Beam

Ultimate Reaction from

Beam
Ultimate Reaction from Beam with New Loads

Pbeam 1.2 PDL + 1.6 PLL = 18.8

Pb.new 1.2 PDL + 1.6 PLL + PLL.new = 22.8

Moments:
MLL PLL ls + PLL.new ls = 450

Service Load Moment on Girder

wg.DL lg
MDL
+ PDL ls = 603.281
8
Mser MDL + MLL = 1053.281

Total DL Moment on Girder

Total Service Moment on Girder

Max Shear and Moment (From figure above):

wg.DL lg
Vgirder Pbeam + 1.2 = 20.488
2

2
w

g.DL lg
Mgirder Pbeam ls + 1.2
= 1203.938
8

where

ls = 5

Dist Btw Supports

ls = 5

Dist Btw Supports

Max Shear and Moment with New Load (From figure above):
wg.DL lg
Vg.new Pb.new + 1.2 = 24.488
2

w
g.DL lg
Mg.new Pb.new ls + 1.2
= 1443.938
8

where

Capacity Calculation with Steel Reinforcement only:

Tg Asg fy = 79.2

C 0.85 fc ag bg

Asg fy
ag
= 2.329
0.85 fc bg
ag
cg = 2.74

cg
dg cg

0.003
s.g

Compression Block

(Assumed Steel has Yielded)

Also

TC

Neutral axis
.003 dg cg
s.g
= 0.014
cg

.003 dg cg
.005
Check1 if
cg
Assumption that steel has yielded is correct

else
Assumption that steel has yielded is NOT correct

Check1 = Assumption that steel has yielded is correct

.9

Tension Controlled

ag
phiMn.g Tg dg
= 1007.564
2

Asv fy dg
phiVn.g .75 2
fc
bg dg +
2 = 25.334
ss

Flexure Capacity of Girder

Shear Capacity of Girder

FLEXURE STRENGTHENING of GIRDER with CFRP Laminates:

The existing reinforced concrete GIRDER is Strengthened with the Unidirectional Carbon
Fabric CSS-CUCF44 saturated with Epoxy Resin CSS-ES to produce CFRP composite. Roll
Size used for this job will be 12inX150ft. Field cut 9in wide X 14ft Long piles and apply
to the soffit of the beam using wet layup technique.
CFRP system we are using consists of Dry, unidirectrional sheets that will be installed by
hand with an adhesive resin (Epoxy) using the Wet layup technique.
CFRP Material Properties:
width of the Laminate
wf 9

n6

# of Piles

tf 0.08

Thickness per ply

ffu1 128000

Ultimate Tensile Strength

df hg = 18

Eff. Depth of FRP

fu1 .09

Rupture Strain

Ef 14200000

Modulus of Elasticity

Strength of the Structure without FRP - (Equation 9-1) [Integrity of Check]

Max Moment (Check):
Mb.check 1.1 MDL + .75 MLL = 1001.109

Check2 if Mb.check phiMn.g

Beam Strength is OK to Strengthen with CFRP

else
Beam Strength is NOT OK to Strengthen with CFRP

Check2 = Beam Strength is OK to Strengthen with CFRP

STEPS TO PERFORM FLEXURE STRENGTHENING OF GIRDER AS PER ACI 440.2R-08
Step-1
Assumed Open Building.
for Carbon Fiber; Exterior Exposure [Table 9.1]
Ultimate Strength of CFRP
Ultimate Strain of CFRP

CE .85
ffu CE ffu1 = 108800
fu CE fu1 = 0.077
Step-2
ffu1
= 1422222.222
Ef
fu1
Af n tf wf = 4.32

Step-3
MDL df kd
bi = 0.001
Icr Ec
St
4

Modulus of Elasticity of CFRP

Area of CFRP piles

Step-4
|

fc
0.7 fu| = 0.006

n Ef
tf
|

fc
0.083

|
n Ef
tf

|
else
0.9
fu
|

Limit on the Design Strain

recomended by committee,
based on studies performed
[Rizkall 2003,De lorenzis et
al 2004, Kotynia 2005]

fd if 0.083

|
|
|
FRP Debonding CONTROL the design
|

|
else
FRP Debonding DO NOT CONTROL the design |
|

Check3 if 0.083

fc
0.7 fu

n Ef
tf

Check3 = FRP Debonding CONTROL the design

Step-5

to find Neutral Axis

Ef
nf
= 0.395
Ec
Es
ns
= 8.044
Ec
2 bg
x
+ x ns Asg + nf Af + ns Asg dg nf Af df 0
2
bg
a1
=5
b1 ns Asg + nf Af = 12.323
2

c1 ns Asg dg nf Af df = 193.142
b1 +
b1 (4 a1 c1)
x1 = 5.104
2 a1
2

2
b1
b1 4 a1 c1
x2
= 7.568
2 a1

c max (x1 , x2) = 5.104

Step-6
|
df c
fe if 0.003 bi fd| = 0.008
c
|

|
fd

|
else
|

df c
|
0.003
c

Transformed Section
2

Quadratic Equation

|
c
c if fe + bi > .003| = 0.003
c df
|
.003
|

|
else
|

+
|
fe
bi
c df
|

Strain in Concrete

Step-7
dg c
s fe + bi
= 0.009
df c

Strain in Steel

Step-8
fs if Es s fy| = 60
|
f
y
|
else
|
E
|
s s

Stress in Steel

ffe Ef fe = 10780.737
Step-9
Asg fs + Af ffe
= 4.352
cf
.85 fc bg

Assumed value of "c" is correct

Step-11 and 12
f 0.85

c
Mns Asg fy dg
= 1039.964
2

c
Mnf f Af ffe df
= 626.694
2

Capcity with just Steel

Capcity with CFRP

New Strengthened section that is

cable of sustaining the new required
Moments.
|
Check4 if phiMntotal Mg.new
Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads |

|
else
|
Section is NOT OK, Try to Add more FRP Layers
|

phiMntotal 0.9 Mns + Mnf = 1499.992

Check4 = Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads

Step-13

kd
dg kd Es
Mser + bi Af Ef df
3
fss
= 53326.053

kd
kd

Asg Es dg dg kd + Af Ef df df kd
3
3

Check5 if fss .8 fy
Stress in the Reinforcing steel is in the limits

else
Stress in the Reinforcing steel is NOT in the recomended limits

Check5 = Stress in the Reinforcing steel is NOT in the recomended limits

Step-14
Ef df kd
ffs fss

bi Ef = 1232.627
Es dg kd
Check6 if ffs .55 ffu
Stress in the CFRP is within the limits

else
Stress in the CFRP is NOT within the limits

Check6 = Stress in the CFRP is within the limits

STEPS TO PERFORM SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF GRIDER AS PER ACI 440.2R-08

We will use 2-side scheme for Shear Strengthening [11.4.1.2]. Same Product as used
for Flexure Strengthening.
n1
Number of Piles
tf = 0.08

Thickness of pile

wf 12

Width of pile

dfv dg hs 1

Effective Depth of FRP

for shear (for Two side or U-wrap)

= 10.3

f 0.95

For U-wrap or 2-sides wrap [Table 11.1]

sf 8

Provided Spacing Btw CFRP Laminate (center to center)

fe kv fu .004

[11-6b]

k1 k2 L e
kv
.75
468 fu

[11-7]

fu = 0.077

Rupture Strain of FRP

2500
Le
0.58
tf Ef

= 2.92

Active Bond Length

1
fc

k1
=1
4000

[11-9]

dfv Le
= 0.716
k2
dfv

[11-10]

|
k1 k2 L e
.75| = 0.058
kv if
468 fu
|
k k L
|
1
2
e

|
468 fu
|
else
|
.75
|

fe if kv fu .004| = 0.004
|
k
v fu
|
else
|
.004

[11-7]
(Bond reduction coefficient
applicable to Shear)

[11-6b]

Tensile Stress in FRP

ffe fe Ef = 5688.889
Afv n tf wf = 0.96

Area of FRP Shear reinforcement

Afv ffe dfv

= 7.031
Vf
sf

Shear contribution of FRP

Asv fy dg
Vs
= 7.213
ss

Shear Strength of Steel

Vc 2
fc
bg dg = 19.353

Shear Strength of Concrete

phiVntotal .75 f Vf + Vc + Vs 2 = 30.344

Shear Strength of Section with FRP wraps

Check7 if phiVntotal Vg.new

Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads

else
Section is NOT OK, Try to Add more FRP Layers

Check7 = Section is OK, Strengthened Section is capable of sustaining New Loads

We will Strengthen the Girder ends, 6'-0" from end at both ends.