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Ejercicio N 1
Reacciones Qumicas: Grupo 1
1.- hallar el calor de reaccin para la hidratacin del etileno a etanol a 145 C.
C2H5OH(g)
De tablas:
KJ
mol
Hf(C2H4 (g))=52.26
KJ
mol
Hf(H2O(g))=241.82
Hf(C2H5OH(g))=-235.10
KJ
mol
C2H4 (g)
H2O(g)
C2H5OH(g)
A=1.424
A=3.518
A=3.47
B=14.394 x 10-3
B=1.45 x 10-3
C=-4.392x 10-6
6.002x 10-6
B=20.001x 10-3
D= 0.121x 105
H(T)= H +R
A+ BT+ C
T2
C=-
+ D
T 2
dt
A=-1.424-3.47+3.518
B=-14.394 x 10-3
A=-1.376
1.45 x 10-3
20.001x 10-3
B=4.157 x 10-3
C=-1.61x 10-6
D=-0.121x 105
H (418.15k)= -45.54
KJ
mol
418.15
298.15
R
105
dt)
T2
-0.121x
KJ
mol
H (418.15k)= -45.54
1.376 T +
+R
H (418.15k)= -45.54
R 1.376 ( 418.15298.15 ) +
4.157 X 10 (
1.61 x 10
418.152298.152)
2
3
H (418.15k)= -45.54
KJ
mol
H (418.15k)= -45.54
KJ
mol
H (418.15k)= -45.73
+R
[ 165.12+178.6625.0111.65 ]
8.314
J
mol K
X ( - 23.12)
KJ
mol
CO( g ) 2 H 2( g ) CH 3OH ( g )
77 C (350 K)
K = 95,123
K = 5,7x10-3
227 C (500 K)
K = 5,7x10-3
y=
500K , 10 bar
nT + vi
no + vi
o
nT =6
o
nT =62
F
CO( g ) 2 H 2( g ) CH 3OH ( g )
1
418
----
52
52
62
62
62
y=
k =k y p2k
62
)(
)
102 5,7x10-3 = (
1
52
Conversin mxima
= 0.2753
6CO 4 H 2 3CO2 C3 H 8
a)
r CO = k [ CO ] [ H 2 ]
rC 0
6 =
rC
=-
r H r CO r C3 H 8
=
=
4
3
1
2
r CO2
.(1)
3
r H =
2
r CO =
2
r CO
2
r C3 H 8 =
....(2)
r CO
6
..(3)
Reemplazar en (1);(2),(3):
2
k [ CO ] [ H 2 ]
3
r H =
2
k
r CO =
2
2
rC 3 H 8 =
[ CO ] [ H 2 ]
[ CO ] [ H 2 ]
6
b)
k
2 A B 3C
r A = k [ C A ]
rB =
k
[ C A ]
2
rC =
3k
[ C A ]
2
C)
rA
rB rC
=
2 = 1 3
rA
rB
2 =
3r A
2
A 2 B 3R
r A = k [ C A ] m [ C B ] p
m
rB =
2 k [ C A ] [ C B ]
rR =
3 k [ C A ] [ C B ]
rA
rB rR
=
=
1
2 3
r B=2r A
rR =
3 r A
K=K 0 . e RT
LnK =ln K 0
Ea
RT
y=a+mx
Ordenando los datos :
T (K) 273
K x 10-5 (S-1)
Ln K
283
313
323
333
576
1850 5480
-10,612
1/T (K)
3.33
293
303
-9,133
3.533
-7,652 -6,419
3.43
3.3
-5,157
3.195
-3,99
3.096
-2,904
3.00
1/T (103)
3.66
3.533
3.43
3.3
3.195
3.096
3
lnK
-10.612
-9.133
-7.652
-6.419
-5.157
-3.99
-2.904
a = ln K0 = 31,82514
m = -11575.45
Ea
=m=11575.45
R
Ea =11575.458.314
Ea =96,240
0
2.9
KJ
mol
3.1
3.2
3.3
-2
-4
Ln K
-6
-8
-10
-12
1/Tx10-3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Modelo
Encuentre el
Descomponiendo:
Br 2 2 Br (1)
2 Br Br 2 (2)
Br + H 2 HBr + H
(3)
HBr+ H Br + H 2 (4)
H + Br 2 HBr+Br (5)
HBr+ Br H + Br 2 (6) (inhibir)
Se plantea ecuacin cintica de formacin del producto.
r HBr =K 3 [ Br ] [ H 2 ]
r HBr= K 4 [ H ] [ HBr ]
r HBr =K 5 [ H ] [Br 2 ]
1
r Br = r Br
2
2
r Br =2 K 1 [ Br 2 ] (8)
De 2
1
r =r Br
2 Br
r Br =K 2 [ Br ]
r Br =2 K 2 [ Br ] (9)
De 3
r Br =K 3 [ Br ] [ H 2 ] (10)
De 4
r Br =K 4 [ HBr ] [ H ] (11)
De 5
r Br =K 5 [ Br 2 ] [ H ] (12)
( ) r Br =2 K 1 [ Br 2 ] 2 K 2 [ Br ] K 3 [ Br ] [ H 2 ]+ K 4 [ HBr ] [ H ] + K 5 [ Br2 ] [ H ]
NETA
Para el radical
[ H ]
De 3
r Br =K 3 [ Br ] [ H 2 ]
De 4
r Br =K 4 [ HBr ] [ H ]
De 5
r Br =K 5 [ Br 2 ] [ H ]
NETA
Sumando
Br 2
2 K 1 [ Br2 ] =2 K 2
1
Br 2 2
[ Br ] =
K1
K2
Reemplazando en ( )
1
Br 2 2 [ H 2 ] =[ H ]( K 4 [ HBr ] + K 5 [ Br2 ] )
K3
K1
K2
Br 2 2 [ H 2 ]
K1
K3
K2
[ H ] =
Reemplazando en ( 7 )
1
2
Br 2 [ H 2 ] + [ H ] (K 4 [ HBr ] + K 5 [ Br 2 ] )
r HBr=K 3
K1
K2
Br 2 2 [ H 2 ]
A=K 3
K1
K2
r HBr= A+
r HBr =
A (K 4 [ HBr ] + K 5 [ Br 2 ])
K 4 [ HBr ] + K 5 [ Br 2 ]
2 K 5 [ Br 2] A
K 4 [ HBr ] + K 5 [ Br 2 ]
3
B r2 2 [ H 2 ]
K1
2 K 5 K3
K2
r HBr =
B r2 2 [ H 2 ]
K1
2 K 5 K3
K2
r HBr =
K 4 =1
K 2=K 5
K 1=2 K 5 K 3
K1
K2
H 2 NO2 H 2O NO
k2
H 2 NO2 H * HONO
k3
OH * H 2 H 2O H *
H * NO2 OH * NO
k4
OH * NO2 HNO3
r k p PH 2
77 C,
kp = 2,7x10-5
;
0,284x10-5
Donde: r = mol/cc x s-1
PH2 en atm y kp en mol/cc x (s atm)-1
a) Calcule la energa de activacin y el factor de frecuencia
b) La diferencia entre Ec - Ep a 77 C.
40,2 C,
kp =
K=K 0 . e RT
LnK =ln K 0
Ea
RT
y=a+mx
Ordenando los datos :
T (K) 273
K x 105 (S-1)
Ln K
283
313
323
333
576
1850 5480
-10,612
K x 10 5
(S-1)
1/T (103)
3.66
3.533
3.43
3.3
3.195
3.096
3
lnK
293
303
-9,133
-7,652 -6,419
-10.612
-9.133
-7.652
-6.419
-5.157
-3.99
-2.904
576
1850 5480
0
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
-2
-4
Ln K
-6
-8
-10
-12
1/Tx10-3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7