Contents

[hide]

1History

2Air conditioning applications

3Air conditioning system basics and theories

o

3.1Refrigeration cycle

4Health implications

5References

6Related pages

7Other websites
o

7.1Servicing Information

7.2Energy Efficiency

Air conditioning applications[change | change source]

Air conditioning applications[change | change source]

Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into comfort and process.
Comfort applications aim to provide an indoor environment that remains relatively constant in a
range preferred by humans despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.
Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for an industrial or a commercial
process , regardless of internal heat loads and external weather conditions. Although often in the
same comfort range, it is the requirements of the process that determines conditions, not human
preference. Process applications include:

Hospital operating roomsin which air is filtered to high levels to reduce the risk of infection
and the humidity is controlled to limit patient dehydration. Although temperatures are often in the
comfort range, some specialist procedures such as open heart surgeryrequire low temperatures
(about 18 C, 64 F), and others such as neonatal relatively high temperatures (about 28 C, 82
F).

Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits and pharmaceuticals etc. in which
extremely high levels of air cleanliness and control of temperature and humidity are required for
the success of the process.

Facilities for breeding laboratory animals. Since many animals normally only reproduce in
spring, holding them in rooms which mirror spring-like conditions can cause them to reproduce
all year round.

Aircraft air conditioning. Although nominally aimed at providing comfort for passengers and
the cooling of equipment, aircraft air conditioning presents a special process due to the low air
pressure outside the aircraft.

Other examples include:

Air conditioner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The external section of a generic single-room air conditioning unit. For ease of installation, units are typically
fitted into windows or, as in this photograph, a hole in the wall

The internal section of the same unit. The front panel swings down to reveal the controls.

Note: the term "air conditioning" refers to any form of "Heating, ventilation and airconditioning". This article deals specifically with units used as part of a cooling system.
An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area
via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler and more humid
air.
In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to
as HVAC. Whether in homes, offices or vehicles, its purpose is to provide comfort by altering the
properties of the air, usually by cooling the air inside.

History[change | change source]

The 19th century British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and
liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate.
In 1842, Philippines physician Dr. John Gorrie used compressor technology to create ice, which he
used to cool air for his patients.[1] He hoped eventually to use his ice-making machine to regulate the
temperature of buildings and even considered cooling entire cities with a system of centralized air
conditioning units.

Air conditioning applications[change | change source]

Air conditioning applications[change | change source]

Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into comfort and process.
Comfort applications aim to provide an indoor environment that remains relatively constant in a
range preferred by humans despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.
Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for an industrial or a commercial
process , regardless of internal heat loads and external weather conditions. Although often in the
same comfort range, it is the requirements of the process that determines conditions, not human
preference. Process applications include:

Hospital operating roomsin which air is filtered to high levels to reduce the risk of infection
and the humidity is controlled to limit patient dehydration. Although temperatures are often in the
comfort range, some specialist procedures such as open heart surgeryrequire low temperatures
(about 18 C, 64 F), and others such as neonatal relatively high temperatures (about 28 C, 82
F).

Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits and pharmaceuticals etc. in which
extremely high levels of air cleanliness and control of temperature and humidity are required for
the success of the process.

Facilities for breeding laboratory animals. Since many animals normally only reproduce in
spring, holding them in rooms which mirror spring-like conditions can cause them to reproduce
all year round.

Aircraft air conditioning. Although nominally aimed at providing comfort for passengers and
the cooling of equipment, aircraft air conditioning presents a special process due to the low air
pressure outside the aircraft.

Other examples include:

Data Processing Centers

Textile Factories

Physical Testing Facilities

Plants and Farm Growing Areas

Nuclear Facilities

Mines

Industrial Environments

Food Cooking and Processing Areas

In both comfort and process applications, the objective is not only to control temperature (although in
some comfort applications this is all that is controlled) but also factors like humidity, air movement
and air quality.

Air conditioning system basics and theories[change | change source]

Refrigeration cycle[change | change source]

A simple stylized diagram of the refrigeration cycle: 1) condensing coil, 2) expansion valve, 3) evaporator coil,
4) compressor.

In the refrigeration cycle, a pump transfers heat from a lower temperature source into a higher
temperature heat sink. Heat will naturally flow in the opposite direction. This is the most common
type of air conditioning. A refrigerated air conditioning system works in much the same way
pumping heat out of the room in which it stands.
This cycle takes advantage of the universal gas law PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is
volume, R is the universal gas constant, T is temperature, and n is the number of molecules of gas
(1 mole = 6.0221023molecules).
The most common refrigeration cycle uses an electric motor to drive a compressor. In an automobile
the compressor is driven by a pulley on the engine's crankshaft, with both using electric motors for
air circulation. Since evaporation occurs when heat is absorbed, and condensation occurs when heat is
released, air conditioners are designed to use a compressor to cause pressure changes between two
compartments, and actively pump a coolant around an enclosed system. The cooling liquid, or refrigerant
is pumped into the cooled compartment (the evaporator coil). Low pressure then causes the refrigerant to
evaporate taking the heat with it. In the other compartment (the condenser), the refrigerant vapour is
compressed and forced through another heat exchange coil, condensed into a liquid which then rejects
the heat previously absorbed from the cooled space.

Health implications[change | change source]

Air conditioning has as much influence on human health as any generic heating system.Poorly
maintained air-conditioning systems (especially large, centralized systems) can occasionally promote the
growth and spread of microorganisms such as Legionella pneumophila, the infectious agent responsible
for Legionnaire's disease.[2] Air conditioning can have a positive effect on sufferers
of allergies and asthma.[3]
In serious heat waves, air conditioning can save the lives of the elderly. Some local authorities have even
set up public cooling centers for the benefit of those without air conditioning at home.

References[change | change source]

1.

Jump up History of Air conditioningJump up Sick building syndrome

2.

Jump up Home Control of Asthma & Allergies

Related pages[change | change source]

Energy

Heat pump

Renewable energy

Other websites[change | change source]

How Air Conditioners Work.

History of Automotive Air Conditioning on NYC.net

Servicing Information[change | change source]

Directory of Air Conditioning Manufacturers

Energy Efficiency[change | change source]

Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings - Central Air Conditioners from the American
Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE)

Energy Efficiency Program Database from the ACEEE

Space heating and cooling from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy

UK Enhanced Capital Allowance Scheme (ECA), a UK Government scheme to provide tax

rebates for companies who use products which are ECA approved.

International Energy Agency - Energy Conservation In Buildings And Community Systems

AHAM website on Room-air Conditioners

Top-Rated Energy-Efficient Central Air Conditioners

Air Condition and More...

Energy Star Central Air Conditioners

How to lower the energy usage of central air conditioning

Category:
Engineering

COMMON AIR CONDITIONER PROBLEMS

A refrigerant leak is one common air conditioning problem. | Photo courtesy of

iStockphoto/BanksPhotos.

One of the most common air conditioning problems is improper operation. If your air conditioner is on,
be sure to close your home's windows and outside doors. For room air conditioners, isolate the room or a
group of connected rooms as much as possible from the rest of your home. For a list of common air
conditioner problems and what to look for, check out our Energy Saver 101 infographic on home
cooling.

Other common problems with existing air conditioners result from faulty installation, poor service
procedures, and inadequatemaintenance. Improper installation of a central air conditioner can result in
leaky ducts and low airflow. Many times, the refrigerant charge (the amount of refrigerant in the system)
does not match the manufacturer's specifications. If proper refrigerant charging is not performed during
installation, the performance and efficiency of the unit is impaired. Unqualified service technicians often
fail to find refrigerant charging problems or even worsen existing problems by adding refrigerant to a
system that is already full. Learn what to ask for when hiring a technician to maintain your air
conditioner.
Air conditioner manufacturers generally make rugged, high quality products. If your air conditioner fails,
begin by checking any fuses or circuit breakers. Let the unit cool down for about five minutes before
resetting any breakers. If a central air conditioner's compressor stops on a hot day, the high-pressure limit
switch may have tripped; reset it by pushing the button, located in the compressor's access panel.

REFRIGERANT LEAKS
If your air conditioner is low on refrigerant, either it was undercharged at installation or it leaks. If it leaks,
simply adding refrigerant is not a solution. A trained technician should fix any leak, test the repair, and
then charge the system with the correct amount of refrigerant. Remember that the performance and
efficiency of your air conditioner is greatest when the refrigerant charge exactly matches the
manufacturer's specification, and is neither undercharged nor overcharged. Refrigerant leaks can also be
harmful to the environment.

INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
If you allow filters and air conditioning coils to become dirty, the air conditioner will not work properly, and
the compressor or fans are likely to fail prematurely.

ELECTRIC CONTROL FAILURE

The compressor and fan controls can wear out, especially when the air conditioner turns on and off
frequently, as is common when a system is oversized. Because corrosion of wire and terminals is also a
problem in many systems, electrical connections and contacts should be checked during a professional
service call.

SENSOR PROBLEMS
Room air conditioners feature a thermostat sensor, located behind the control panel, which measures the
temperature of air coming into the evaporative coil. If the sensor is knocked out of position, the air
conditioner could cycle constantly or behave erratically. The sensor should be near the coil but not
touching it; adjust its position by carefully bending the wire that holds it in place.

DRAINAGE PROBLEMS
When it's humid outside, check the condensate drain to make sure it isn't clogged and is draining
properly. Room air conditioners may not drain properly if not mounted level.

Learn More

Links

Air conditioning
Maintaining your air conditioner
Room air conditioners
Ductless mini-split air conditioners
Central air conditioners

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Naikodi Mallappa
et al Int. Journal of
Engineering
Research and
Applications

www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622,
Vol. 4, Issue
4( Version 6), April
2014, pp.102-103
www.ijera.com
102
|
Page

Design AND
Fabrication
OF
Homemade
Air
Conditioner

Naikodi Malla
ppa, Mane Ami
t, Manave Ashi
sh, Pangale Suh
as, Shinde Vila
s,Prof. Dongare
Vaibhav

Department Of
Mechanical
Engineering
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

RMCET (Mumbai
University)Ambav,
Devrukh, India
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Abstract

Human always tries

for better comfort and
sophistication at each
level of his life.
Considering air
conditioning,evaporat
ive cooler are used in
less humidity and dry
climate. The
limitation of

evaporative cooler is
that it is notsuitable in
humid environment
and also their
performance is poor
in the places where
ventilation is not
proper.The objective
of this project is to
increase the

effectiveness of the
ordinary table fan by
using simple
mechanismand
overcome the
limitation of
evaporative cooler.In
this project the table
fan is wound with
copper tube by copper

wire. Vinyl tube is

connected with one
end ofthe copper tube
and another end of
vinyl tube is
connected with pump.
Pump immersed in
the cooling
chamber.Vinyl tube is
connected with

another end of copper

tube another end of
vinyl tube is
immersed in the
coolingchamber. Fan
and pump connected
with electricity pump
and is sucks the cool
water from the
cooling chamber.

Index Terms
-evaporative cooler,
copper coil, pump,
cooling chamber

Naikodi Mallappa
et al Int. Journal of
Engineering
Research and
Applications
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622,
Vol. 4, Issue

4( Version 6), April

2014, pp.102-103
www.ijera.com
102
|
Page

Design AND
Fabrication

OF
Homemade
Air
Conditioner
Naikodi Malla
ppa, Mane Ami
t, Manave Ashi

sh, Pangale Suh

as, Shinde Vila
s,Prof. Dongare
Vaibhav
Department Of
Mechanical
Engineering
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

RMCET (Mumbai
University)Ambav,
Devrukh, India
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Abstract
Human always tries
for better comfort and
sophistication at each
level of his life.
Considering air

conditioning,evaporat
ive cooler are used in
less humidity and dry
climate. The
limitation of
evaporative cooler is
that it is notsuitable in
humid environment
and also their
performance is poor

in the places where

ventilation is not
proper.The objective
of this project is to
increase the
effectiveness of the
ordinary table fan by
using simple
mechanismand
overcome the

limitation of
evaporative cooler.In
this project the table
fan is wound with
copper tube by copper
wire. Vinyl tube is
connected with one
end ofthe copper tube
and another end of
vinyl tube is

connected with pump.

Pump immersed in
the cooling
chamber.Vinyl tube is
connected with
another end of copper
tube another end of
vinyl tube is
immersed in the
coolingchamber. Fan

and pump connected

with electricity pump
and is sucks the cool
water from the
cooling chamber.

Index Terms
-evaporative cooler,
copper coil, pump,
cooling chamber,
refrigerant.

I.
INTRODUCTION
World is always
trying to invent new
one.Somebody tries to
find new one and tries
to modifyan ordinary
one to implement a
technology.

Energy plays an impo

rtant role in the materi
al, social andcultural
life of mankind. This
is the result
of population growth
and increase in the sta
ndard ofliving which
is directly
proportional to

energyconsumption.
In practice air
conditioner and
aircooler are widely
used in the world.
These
electricaldevices
consumed more
electrical power and it
is

not benefit for the poo

r people. In practice p
owershortage is also
occurred. These
problems arerectified
by modification of
ordinary table fan.In
summer season, the
ordinary table
fangives small

amount of cold air in

the room. So thetable
fan is modified by
using copper tube
andSpecial design
Cooling Chamber. In
this project thecooling
of air by using cold
water or any
otherrefrigerant which

is circulated in the
copper tube forthe
purpose of reducing
the heat in the
surroundingenvironm
ent is of great
importance in
widelydistributed
villages with little or
no ruralelectrification

and also in the urban

areas where power
shortage is often in
practice.In this project
the ice cooler
chamber for storing
thecold water or cold
ice bars or ice cubes
which
whosetemperature

decrease as time
passes. This cold
wateror refrigerant is
circulated through the
copper tubewith help
aquarium pump which
kept water cold
forlong times. The fan
blowing against the
copper tubewhich

gives more cooling air

in the surroundings..

II.
AIM AND
OBJECTIVE.
2.1
Aim

1. To increase the
efficiency and effectiv
eness ofordinary
fan.2. To satisfy maxi
mum thermal comfort
conditionin minimum
investment of
energy.3. To Decrease
the room temperature.
2.2

Objective

1. To achieve 6C to
8C of temperature
drop byusing simple
mechanism.2. To
achieve optimum
design with
minimumcapital
investment.3. To

utilize various
resources from
home andsurrounding
effective manner.4. To
present this
innovative idea in
variousengineering
colleges and in
conference preceding.
III.

COMPONENTS
AND WORKING3.1
Components

Copper coil

Two clay pots

48 LB Patio leveling
sand

Dry ice, Exhaust fan

Polyvinyl tube

Refrigerant such as
water, Glycol etc.

3.2 Working

The components are

arranged according
tothe Schematic
diagram. The cooling
System contain

RESEARCH ART
ICLE OPEN ACC
ESS