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Advanced Retrofit

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit


Stockholm, December 1, 2010
Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Advanced Retrofit
holistic building strategy
for the entire, remaining life cycle

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Design Process

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

7 steps advanced retrofit strategy


Initial questions
advanced retrofit

Re-evaluation of
building strategy
(e.g. new market
situation)

Lessons learned
for future stages

Instruments

I Market potential evaluation


& Building analysis light

Preliminary estimate of the


building strategy

II Needs evaluation

Stakeholders checklist

III Building analysis


& Location analysis

Building typology

IV Target agreement

Added value checklist

V Planning phases

10 steps to a prefab module

VI Realization phases

Module design guide

VII Target effectiveness


evaluation
IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II

Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII

Initial questions

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Time schedule?
How long continue to operate in current form?
When does the strategic planning have to be completed?

Basis of information?
What building, economic & tenant-specific data are available?
Where or how the basis of information can be completed?
Parameters?
What parameters set by owner or operators (private nature)?
Special parameters set by authorities (legal nature)?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI

Step VII

Market potential evaluation


& Building analysis light

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Building substance

Market potential

Preliminary estimate of the


building strategy

Value retention

Partial renovation

Total renovation

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

New build replacement

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Questions market potential

YES

NO

Environment:
Does the position and location of the object lead to expect above-average
performance? Is the diversification strategy applicable?
Tenants:
Long-term, satisfied tenants secure return on investment. Are the tenants
willing to pay more for improved conditions?
Is the diversification strategy applicable?
Use potential:
Is it possible to use the building and premises more intensely and as a result,
to increase profits? Do building regulations allow for extension?
Overall evaluation: Is the market potential good?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Questions building substance

YES

NO

Energy use:
Is the energy use already low enough to lessen the risk of the premises
becoming vacant when energy costs rise?
Structural condition:
Condition of roof, faades, windows and HVAC? Is earthquake safety
guaranteed or simply to be improved?
Condition of fixtures and fittings:
How are the bathroom, toilets, and kitchen fitted out? Do the apartments
comply with today's standards (e.g. room height, lighting conditions, and
sound insulation)?
Room allocation and floor space:
Does the room allocation and floor space cover today's requirements? Is a
simple adaption of the room allocation possible?
Overall evaluation: Is the building substance good?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Poor building substance

Good building substance

Poor market potential

Value retention:
The aim is to secure the future
use of the building without
jeopardizing habitability and
rental revenue.

Partial renovation:
The aim is to secure earnings and
value of the building in the longterm, or increase them accordingly.

Good market potential

New build replacement:


Investing in the existing building
is not worthwhile. There is
however, the potential of
improved use of the plot.

Total renovation:
Building substance and market
potential allow for comprehensive
investments that lead to a clear
appreciation of the building.

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Conclusion

If the preliminary estimate shows


that value retention can be
achieved, or that a new build
replacement makes sense,
they can be developed with
the planners and contractors.

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

If the preliminary estimate shows


that a partial or a
comprehensive renovation
makes sense, these have to be
looked at in depth. The
following steps may be used for
this.

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII

Needs evaluation

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III

Users (tenants)

Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII

Building operators

Stakeholders' checklist
Public authorities

Planners

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Contractors

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily questions for public authorities


Question

YES

NO

Is there a need for subsidized housing?


Does the building make a valuable contribution to the town? (Architectural
preservation and protection)?
Are planning instruments available to change valid land use regulations (e.g.
an increase in the floor space index for a design plan)?
Are there any building inspectorate or planning regulations that might possibly
be bypassed (e.g. old building lines, design regulations, parking spaces)?
Do the building operators and planners know about the points that
have been answered YES?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily questions for operators - Financing scenario


Planning
objective

Question
Which elements of the building fulfil their function inadequately because they
are dated and need to be replaced? Are these inevitable repair costs
quantifiable?
Which financial means are available for refurbishment? What percentage should
or can be outside financing?
What is the scope for rent increase after refurbishment? Should a percentage of
subsidized apartments be provided?
How much return on equity should or can be achieved with the object? (Income
property approx. 5%, capital investment 3-4%, property for 'aficionados' <2%)
What importance does the building have from a monetary point of
view?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily questions for operators - Use scenario


Planning
objective

Question
What do the tenants especially appreciate? What can be improved and which
requirements are currently not catered for?
What is the current tenant mix (age structure, types of household, origin,
number of people in each apartment, income levels)?

Which type of tenant does the property developer want to attract and in
which rental price bracket?
How should the apartments be upgraded to meet the needs of future tenants?
Can special provisions be made to encourage social contact and a range of
services (meeting places, common rooms, playgrounds, etc.)?

Has a use scenario been defined for the building by answering these
questions?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily questions for users (operators perspective)


Planning
objective

Question
Which layout appeals to the user group? (number of rooms, size of rooms,
connections between the rooms, open or closed kitchen, number of bathrooms
and toilets)

Which private outdoor areas do the user group prefer? (balcony, loggia, patio,
terrace, vegetable garden)
What kind of atmosphere especially appeals to the targeted user group (state
of the apartment, lighting conditions, etc.)?
Which standard suits the targeted user group? (floor coverings, walls, ceilings,
built-in appliances, kitchen and bathroom fittings, built-in cupboards)
How much rent can or does a typical household in the user group want to
pay?
For which user group is the apartment particularly suited?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI

Step VII

Building analysis
& Location analysis

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Typology

City

Mapping of the action areas for


an advanced retrofit strategy

Quarter

>> Prefabricated Modules


++ Added value
Open spaces

Environment

Neighbouring
property

Access
Building

Building envelope

Storeys

Flat

Openings

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Balconies

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Typology
1.)

General Type
Fast orientation
General strategies for prefab. refurbishment
Basis for communication and sensitization
Privat owners

2.)

Focus Type
Market studies
Potential for several prefab. modules
Technical guidelines
Planners and industry

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Typology
Typ No.
Number of buildings
Frequency

0
24600
~ 23%

10

11

14500

11900

10900

10400

6900

5300

4900

4900

4400

4200

3300

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Typology
Windows
Total:
~3980000
OET 3121
~47% ~1870000

OET 0324
~6% ~250000

OET 3224
~6% ~230000

OET 3124
~5% ~210000

OET 0321
~5% ~200000

OET 0326
~3% ~110000

PAT 111121
~16% ~110000

PAT 311127;8
~9% ~60000

PAT 211127;9
~8% ~50000

PAT 211126;9
~7% ~50000

PAT 111128
~7% ~50000

PAT 121121
~6% ~50000

GOT 710
~26% ~30000

GOT 105
~11% ~13000

GOT 605
~11% ~13000

GOT 100
~7% ~8000

GOT 714
~6% ~7000

GOT 512
~6% ~7000

Balconies
Total:
~670000

Roofs
Total:
106000

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Market Potential

F4.10

If:
- Orientation SE-SW
- Horizon < 15

Typology

F4.10 Solar Faade

Potential for F4.1-SF


~306,000 Modules

100%

If:
- Windows renewed
after 1990

F4.10 Double Window

Total ~54%
of all openings

Potential for F4.10


~1,393,000 Modules

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Potential for F4.1-DW


~376,000 Modules

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI

Step VII

Target agreement

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Needs evaluation

Building analysis
& Location analysis

Added value checklist

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily checklist for open spaces


Situation

Planning questions

Green spaces that have not been


allocated to a specific use.

Can patios be laid out? Could new children's play


areas be created in agreement with the owners of the
neighbouring property?

Open spaces with parking fields that


border a side street with moderate
traffic.

Is there sufficient, easily accessible bicycle parking?


Can existing narrow bike rooms be used for another
purpose?
Can hard-surfaced areas be upgraded by using this
space for an extension?
Can an underground car park be built to reallocated
parking spaces in favour of a new outdoor structure?

Sides of a building that border


directly onto a main road or side
street.

Can ground floor apartments or garages be converted


into offices, ateliers, shops, or childminding facilities?
Is there demand for these amenities in the
neighbourhood? Could such a demand be stimulated?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily checklist for access


Situation

Planning questions

Inside staircase not running along the inside


of the outer wall. There is no lift.

Can a lift be installed inside the house?

A lift is next to the staircase and stops at


each landing at storey level.

Is the lift accessed without steps from the


street onwards?
Is the lift wheelchair-accessible?

The stairs run along the inside of the outer


wall and have the landing at floor level where
the apartment entrances are, but they are not
adjoined to the outside wall. There is no lift.

Can barrier-free access be provided by


installing a lift and access balconies at storey
level?
Can the ground level apartments be accessed
barrier-free (e.g. patio)?

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Exemplarily checklist for storeys


Situation

Planning questions

The building has storeys that are heated, and


fully or partly occupied with apartments.

Can the building shell achieve a more


compact design with an extension?

The building has one or several upper storeys


that are at least partly set back from the
faades.

Can the attic be converted to a full storey?

The building has one or several lower storeys


that are not heated.

Does the amount of natural light allow the


space to be converted into living space?

The building has one or several upper storeys


that are not heated.

Can the building be extended upwards?


Considering the loss of storage space, is it
worth converting the attic?

The building has one or several storeys in


which the internal space is reduced to about
the same area of the main entrance.

The storey needs to be extended.

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII

Planning phases
& Realization phases

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Planning of an advanced retrofit with pref-fab modules


see: 10 steps to a pref-fab module
The modules are standardised in construction, layers, and joints
The modules are flexible in architecture, form, and cladding.
The modules can be combined with each other and with nonprefabricated (conventional) retrofit options.

Further information: Module design guide

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Total prefabricated

Semi prefabricated with


F4.1 modules

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Construction principle

1.) Equalising layer


to existing surface

2). Load bearing construction layer


with insulation, ducts and wires
3). Second insulation layer with
shading system
4). Cladding / skin layer
Pictures - Ren Kobler, FHNW
IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

Initial questions
Advanced Retrofit

Step I
Step II
Step III
Step IV
Step V
Step VI

Step VII

Target effectiveness
evaluation

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

7 steps advanced retrofit strategy


Initial questions
advanced retrofit

Re-evaluation of
building strategy
(e.g. new market
situation)

I Market potential evaluation


& Building analysis light

II Needs evaluation

III Building analysis


& Location analysis

IV Target agreement

V Planning phases
Lessons learned
for future stages

VI Realization phases

VII Target effectiveness


evaluation
IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A
HSLU Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP)

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer

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